{"title":"Lawrence, Dana and the Destructive Element","authors":"Michael Bell","doi":"10.4000/lawrence.3548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/lawrence.3548","url":null,"abstract":"I begin by revisiting Lawrence’s reading of Dana’s Two Years before the Mast reading it not as a critique of Dana but as a Lawrencian fiction in which the sea plays a central symbolic role. As Lawrence reflects on the vital relation of the human and the non-human, the sea seems to represent its destructive possibilities which Dana and Melville variously encounter, and thereby allow Lawrence to explore. In the Dana essay it is especially necessary, but not easy, to hold in focus the competing levels of the literal and scientific, on the one hand, and the metaphorical and visionary on the other. Sometimes the relation is strained as I suggest occurs in the flogging episode but this double vision is the basis for appreciating Lawrence’s representation of the sea.","PeriodicalId":31837,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Lawrenciennes","volume":"131 37","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lawrence’s Angst: The Transformative Journey from Sardinia to “The Ship of Death”","authors":"Soha El Samad","doi":"10.4000/lawrence.3615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/lawrence.3615","url":null,"abstract":"Though D.H. Lawrence proudly declared in his 1908 letter to Blanche Jennings that his knowledge of the sea far exceeds that of experienced sailors, he affirmed that he never touched the water when in a boat and that his bathing was restricted to the shore. Apparently, this relationship is defined by surface and depth, and oscillates between the two moods of awe and anxiety. The former is reflected in his poetry, while the latter is pervasive in his prose writings. From a Heideggerean perspective, and with particular focus on Sea and Sardinia where his shifting moods conspicuously drive the narrative, we argue here that Lawrence’s occasionally aggressive reactions stem from a deep-seated anxiety that is heightened by his proximity to the sea. As Dasein, his moods and lived experiences eventually lead to his reconciliation with the existential inevitability of death. The reading which is proposed here juxtaposes Sea and Sardinia with one early and two later poems, “The Sea,” “Mana of the Sea,” and “The Ship of Death,” in order to trace the vicissitudes of his emotional states. Basically, the aim of this study is to draw attention to the transformative power of Lawrence’s angst by analyzing how the shift in attitude towards the sea reflects his acceptance or coming to terms with death.","PeriodicalId":31837,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Lawrenciennes","volume":"131 36","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making (Non)Sense of the Sea, Sand and Self in The Boy in the Bush by D.H. Lawrence and M.L. Skinner","authors":"Shirley Bricout","doi":"10.4000/lawrence.3593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/lawrence.3593","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I discuss how Lewis Carroll’s Alice narratives, and in particular his so-called nonsense poem “The Walrus and the Carpenter” (from Through the Looking-Glass, 1871), can read as subtexts to the opening chapters of The Boy in the Bush by D.H. Lawrence and M.L. Skinner. First I consider how the dialogue with Lewis Carroll’s texts conveys both Freemantle’s geographic features and its unfamiliarity to new arrivals and how, as a result, Lawrence and Skinner’s narrative subverts geography and chronology creating its own (nonsense) chronotope, a useful Bakhtinian concept to examine anachronisms and anageography.I show how language is reorganized to assert national identity thanks to puns, Australianisms and syllogisms which often re-echo Alice’s experiences in Wonderland or the other side of the looking-glass. Besides these linguistic games, I highlight how the competing voices in this powerful novel, that of the Australian, Mollie Skinner, writing in the romantic tradition of bush adventures also illustrated by Katharine Prichard’s novels, and that of D.H. Lawrence, the Britisher, who infuses the narrative with his own vision of “the spirit of place,” create a tension that nonsense may resolve.","PeriodicalId":31837,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Lawrenciennes","volume":"131 34","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water and Insularity as Structural Elements in D.H. Lawrence’s The Rainbow and Women in Love","authors":"Peter Fjågesund","doi":"10.4000/lawrence.3545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/lawrence.3545","url":null,"abstract":"The article argues that the element of water (supplemented by the presence of islands and an island existence) serves as a wide-ranging and thus typically modernist leitmotif in the duology The Rainbow and Women in Love, taking its ultimate inspiration from the story of the Flood in Genesis. This, in turn, establishes a closer structural connection between the two works than is usually recognised. However, whereas in The Rainbow this motif remains throughout within an organic, meaningful, and ultimately constructive context, it is transformed in Women in Love into an almost exclusively destructive force, closely connected with the writer’s apocalyptic sentiments about the War. To some extent, the Flood or Deluge motif could be seen as a symbolic substitute, on a universal level, for the conspicuous absence of the War in the latter novel, that is as a threat of universal extinction. At the same time, the motif is also applicable to the individual lives of the characters and their needs for the death of an old self and the resurrection of a new one. In Women in Love Gerald Crich, in particular, personifies these destructive forces, both as an individual and as a representative of a larger system. Despite being confined almost exclusively to inland settings, this novel also explores ideas of escape, crossings, islands and insularity.","PeriodicalId":31837,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Lawrenciennes","volume":"131 42","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lawrence and the Sea in Cornwall","authors":"Jane Costin","doi":"10.4000/lawrence.3500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/lawrence.3500","url":null,"abstract":"By the time Lawrence travelled to Cornwall at the end of 1915 he had visited the sea for holidays and had lived in a house close to the beach in Fiascherino where, being an admittedly poor swimmer, he enjoyed splashing around in the sea close to the shore. But his reaction to the sea in Cornwall was very different. In both Porthcothan and Zennor he lived within sight of the sea, but his attitudes to it in these two places are markedly different.Therefore, this paper will explore how Lawrence’s thinking about the sea shifted between these two places, and will consider what might have prompted the changes in his perspective. It will also look at Lawrence’s conceptualisation of the sea in Zennor as a pathway between people bringing, in ancient times, the Phoenicians to Cornwall. We will see how this well-known, local legend impacted on Lawrence’s response to Zennor, is reflected in his work and, although often denied, was verified in 2019.","PeriodicalId":31837,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Lawrenciennes","volume":"131 35","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Fluctuating Meanings of Marine Metaphors in Lady Chatterley’s Lover","authors":"Fiona Fleming","doi":"10.4000/lawrence.3570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/lawrence.3570","url":null,"abstract":"The poetic polysemy of marine metaphors in Lady Chatterley’s Lover enables Lawrence to set up images of the flux he perceives as a creative force against images of petrification and dissolution, but the fluctuating meanings of the sea images themselves recall the sea’s instability, which serves as a metaphor for love, sex, otherness, connection, degeneration, and rebirth.","PeriodicalId":31837,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Lawrenciennes","volume":"131 39","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“How glad to be on a ship.” Lawrence’s Savage Pilgrimage at Sea","authors":"Jonathan Long","doi":"10.4000/lawrence.3463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/lawrence.3463","url":null,"abstract":"As Lawrence wrote in Sea and Sardinia (1921) “How glad to be on a ship! What a golden hour for the heart of man! Ah if one could sail for ever, on a small quiet, lonely ship, from land to land and isle to isle, and saunter through the spaces of this lovely world, always through the spaces of this lovely world.” (SS 47.27 – 31). He wrote those words as a record of his response to the sea on a steamer travelling from Sicily to Sardinia in January 1921. They are a good example of how conflicted he was about his use of technology. This essay will outline Lawrence’s principal journeys by sea, a significant feature of and expense in his life, how they were necessary to enable him to undertake his “savage pilgrimage” and what Lawrence wrote on board ship, providing examples of the people he met on board ship, and how they and his experience of the sea as opposed to his experiences on land helped or featured in some of his best work.","PeriodicalId":31837,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Lawrenciennes","volume":"131 41","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rim, the Edge, the End, the Level: When Poetry Breaks the Sea “to bits” in Last Poems","authors":"Elise Brault-Dreux","doi":"10.4000/lawrence.3635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/lawrence.3635","url":null,"abstract":"I want to analyse how Lawrence, in Last Poems – that is when his poetic oeuvre reaches its ultimate limit, its edge – proposes a very visual approach to the sea. If scholars have shown interest in the depths of the ocean, in Lawrence’s idea of the sea as a place of origins, as a mysterious profound berth, I will show how he also poeticizes its angles, its “level,” “rim,” “edge,” “lip,” and lines. Lawrence’s phenomenological approach to the sea is poeticized in such a way that the latter repeatedly appears as solid block, almost sharply geometrical, eventually “breaking itself to bits” (which calls to mind the “kaleidoscope tossed at random” of “Moony” in Women in Love). The movements to and out of the sea further poeticize this idea of a clear-cut zone – “sea-ward” vs. “out of the sea” – of a fiercely eternal, sustaining block whose “distance never changes” (“Middle of the World”). And this irreducible distance, Lawrence seems to say, is just as irreducibly cognitive. How does the sea therefore fit itself within the limits of the poems whose genre is by nature constrained? How is this constrain oddly transgressed in “The Ship of Death” – where the sea is this time metaphorical – and Lawrence refers to “the endless ocean of the end” - an intriguing and self-contradictory mise en abyme of this (im)possible “end?”","PeriodicalId":31837,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Lawrenciennes","volume":"131 30","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The “Night Sea Journey” in D.H. Lawrence’s The Trespasser","authors":"Marina Ragachewskaya","doi":"10.4000/lawrence.3534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/lawrence.3534","url":null,"abstract":"Lawrence’s fascination with the power of natural elements is noticeable practically in every text and particularly in his use of the mystical imagery of the sun, the moon and the sea. In his second novel, The Trespasser, he explores a romantic relationship which ends in tragedy. The semi-passionate and presumably adventurous part of the story is set on an island, surrounded by the overwhelming immensity of the sea that reflects back each subtle impulse of the lovers’ souls. However, the journey for pleasure Siegmund makes (“he gave himself to the breeze and to the sea, feeling like one of the ruddy sails”) turns into the journey that submerges him into the unconscious. This kind of journey C.G. Jung characterized as “the night sea journey” or “a kind of descensus ad inferos – a descent into Hades and a journey to the land of ghosts somewhere beyond this world, beyond consciousness, hence an immersion in the unconscious.”The basic components of the external, physical journey metaphorically evoke the call, the crossing of the threshold, the obstacles, the immersion into the “underworld” (the unconscious “demons” haunting Siegmund), and the inability to go back renewed by the new knowledge. The image of the sea in this respect acts as the powerful and uncontrollable force, the unconscious itself (both collective and individual), thus portending the potential for renewal (rebirth) and failure (death), in equal measure.","PeriodicalId":31837,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Lawrenciennes","volume":"131 31","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136351287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lawrence and the Common People","authors":"Jane Costin","doi":"10.4000/lawrence.3095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/lawrence.3095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31837,"journal":{"name":"Etudes Lawrenciennes","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70312117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}