Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Changes in Cephalic Index and Head circumference of Igbo Children and Adolescents in a Nigerian Population","authors":"Obinna Remigius Okwesili, E. Obikili, N. Nto, U. Nnadozie, E. Nwosu","doi":"10.36348/sijap.2024.v07i03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2024.v07i03.001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The cephalic index and head circumference are important anthropometric parameters that can provide insights into the physical characteristics and growth patterns of populations. There is dearth of data on Cephalic Index and Head circumference of Igbo Children and Adolescents. Method: This study examined 725 Igbo children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years in Enugu, South-eastern Nigeria, using a cross-sectional approach. Results: The majority of participants exhibited mesocephalic head shape (43.2%), with brachycephalic and dolichocephalic shapes observed in 32.7% and 14.2% of the population, respectively. Mean head circumference increased with age in both sexes. Cephalic indices in boys under 12 and girls under 15 were below 80 but increased above these ages. Changes in head shape, potentially towards brachycephalization, were noted as children grew. Significant correlations were found between head circumference and cephalic index with age, height, weight, and body mass index, suggesting their relevance in forensic and anthropological investigations. Conclusion: Our results indicate diversity in head shapes and sizes, with mesocephalic heads being most common. As age increases, head circumference also tends to increase, and changes in head shape towards brachycephalization was observed. These findings underscore the importance of understanding anthropometric variations in different populations and suggest avenues for further research, particularly longitudinal studies, to explore the factors influencing these patterns.","PeriodicalId":317608,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"221 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141013046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immuno-Haematological Indices Stabilizing Attributes of Co-Enzyme Q10 Supplementation in Thioacetamide Poisoned Wistar Rats","authors":"Imananagha-Amene Be, Siminialayi Im, Georgewill Oa","doi":"10.36348/sijap.2024.v07i01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2024.v07i01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 or Co_Q10) as a known endogenous compound has been linked to some therapeutic functions, thus, the need for further exploration in more dysfunctional biological scenarios. This present study, thus, evaluated the stabilizing attributes of Co-enzyme Q10 supplementation in thioacetamide (TAA) altered immuno-haematological system in Wistar rats. One hundred and twenty (120) male Wistar rats weighing 250 and 280g were used for the study and were randomly separated into four sub-groups of 30 rats per treatment interval of week 3, 6, 9 and 12. In the individual weeks, the rats were further grouped into six different groups of five rats each. The groups included Group 1-control and received 1ml of normal saline (intraperitoneally―ip), Group 2 received only 200 mg/kg TAA (ip) twice weekly, Group 3 received 5mg/kg Co_Q10, daily per oral (po), Group 4 received 10mg/kg Co_Q10 daily (po), Group 5 received 200 mg/kg TAA (ip) twice weekly and 5mg/kg Co_Q10 (po) daily and Group 6 received 200 mg/kg TAA (ip) twice weekly and 10mg/kg Co_Q10 (po) daily. After weeks 3, 6, 9 and 12 of treatments, blood samples were collected and instantly transferred into well labeled blood sample bottles with anticoagulant. After appropriate laboratory and statistical analyses, the quantitative results were obtained. The result showed that following TAA toxicity, the levels of white blood cells (WBC) were significantly (P<0.05) reduced; meanwhile, those of macrophage and tissue necrotic factor alpha (TNFα) were remarkably (P<0.05) increased. However, upon the supplementations with Co-Q10 in the respective weeks (3, 6, 9 and 12) of treatment, all the aforementioned deranged values of WBC, macrophages and TNFα were significantly (P<0.05) stabilized/normalized (i.e. brought to similar range of the normal untreated rats). Therefore, Co-Q10 supplementation may be of beneficial therapeutic value in particular haematological dysfunctional scenarios.","PeriodicalId":317608,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140385642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Serum Total Bilirubin Level and Clinical Outcome of COVID-19 Infection: Protective Role of Bilirubin","authors":"Kanyugo Anne Murugi, Gichuki Joseph Maina, N. Magak, M. Domnic","doi":"10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i12.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i12.002","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes covid-19 disease. The disease is a multisystem and mosaic disorder that demonstrates extra pulmonary manifestations involving liver and other organs. Elevated blood bilirubin levels have been associated with poor covid-19 disease outcome. However, discrepancies prevail in these findings. The study aimed to evaluate the association between serum total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels and clinical outcome of covid-19 infection. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Data was obtained from medical records of patients admitted at Mount Kenya Hospital, Nyeri which was the designated county facility for diagnosis, treatment and management of covid -19 disease in Nyeri, Kenya. Data was obtained from patients’ files admitted between 01/04/2021-30/09/2021. Inclusion criteria: Positive covid -19 patients tested with real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test (rqRTPCR) and patients with serum total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels done at admission. Exclusion criteria: Positive rqRTPCR covid-19 patients with incomplete medical records, positive covid-19 patients tested using rapid antigen test, patients with comorbidities, and pregnant women. Categorization of liver injury based on bilirubin levels: severe liver injury >5× ULN, moderate liver injury 3–5x ULN and mild liver injury 1–2x ULN. Categorical data were presented as frequencies and the chi-square test was applied to test for associations. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was no statistical significance between serum levels of total bilirubin (P=0.390), direct bilirubin (P=0.272) and covid-19 clinical outcome (survival or non-survival) and severity. Conclusion and Recommendations: Serum total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels has no significant association with covid-19 disease outcome and severity and thus are not reliable prognostic markers in our setting and in patients without preexisting comorbidities. The role of serum total bilirubin and direct bilirubin in prognosis of covid-19 be studied further to evaluate more mechanistic explanation.","PeriodicalId":317608,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing the Congruity amongst 2D:4D Ratio, Sex, and Socio-Behavioural Traits in Medical Students of Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT)","authors":"C. Ozoemena, Sylvia Chioma Okeke, E. Aigbogun","doi":"10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i12.001","url":null,"abstract":"The second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio is a sexually dimorphic trait that has previously been reported to be associated with socio-behavioral characteristics. This study examined the relationship amongst 2D:4D ratio, sex, and socio-behavioral characteristics among undergraduate medical students at Enugu State University of Science and Technology. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted and a sample size of 120 was calculated using the Taro-Yamane formula. Convenience sampling method was utilized and the majority exhibited positive socio-behavioral characteristics such as emotional control and stress management abilities. There was a significant difference in the personality traits (conscientiousness and openness) between the male and female population at P<0.050. However, there were no significant differences between the left and right digit ratio among the male and female population as P>0.050 in each case. Also, there was no significant difference in the level of executive functions (emotional control, inhibition control, and stress intolerance) among the male and female populations as P>0.050 in each case. There was a significant negative correlation between the right-hand 2D:4D digit ratio and level of conscientiousness among the population with (r=-0.196) at P<0.050. However, no significant association was found between personality traits and executive functions. There was no significant difference between the participants’ digit ratio and gender. However, the male right-hand 2D:4D digit ratio was significantly associated with conscientiousness among the population. Additionally, no significant correlation was found between the participant’s digit ratios and their executive functions (emotional control, inhibition control, and stress tolerance).","PeriodicalId":317608,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"119 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138607539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Aqueous Leaves Extract of Datura alba ness (Thorn Apple) on Gonadotropic Hormones (FSH, LH) and Prolactin Following Administration of MSG and Clomiphene Citrate in Female Wistar Rats","authors":"G. B, O. H. H., O. A","doi":"10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i11.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i11.006","url":null,"abstract":"Phytomedicine has become popular among and majority of women depends on herbal medicine when seeking healthcare. Several women opted for herbal medicine when looking for fertility and most the women that hormonal imbalance depends on herbal medicine for correction. Hormones is substance that must be required and must be in the right values for reproduction to occur. The aim is this study is to ascertain the Effect of aqueous leave extract of D. alba ness (Thorn Apple) on gonadotropic hormones (FSH, LH) Treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) and clomiphene citrate in female wistar rats. The animals were randomly selected into 7 with five animals per group. Each group received the following: group 1 10mls/kg of distil water, group 2 low dose of extract (1000mg/kg), group 3 high dose of extract(2000mg/kg), group 4 MSG 800mg/kg, group 5 clomid 50mg/kg, group 6 MSG + high dose of extract and group 7 clomid+ high dose of extract. Administration of extract was done for 21 days, and on the 22nd day, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for hormonal analysis. The results revealed significant decreased in the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) in all the treatment groups (extract 1000mg/kg, extract 2000mg/kg, MSG 800mg/kg, MSG 800mg/kg + extract 2000mg/kg, and clomid 50mg/kg + extract 2000mg/kg) when compared with control and significant increase in serum levels FSH in clomid 50mg/kg treated group. Luteinizing hormone (LH) serum levels significantly decreased in all the treatment groups when compared with the control group. LH levels in the clomid group significantly increased when compared with other treatment groups. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.","PeriodicalId":317608,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139238175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the Ameliorative Potential of 5, 7-dihydroxyflavone (Chrysin) on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Modulating Oxidative Stress in Rats","authors":"Ifeanyi Anthony Egwuatu, C. Ozoemena, Emeka Williams Ugwuishi, C. Ozor, A. Oviosun, Favour Onwene","doi":"10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i11.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i11.005","url":null,"abstract":"Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors. The present study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of 5, 7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin) against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats. Thirty-five adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated into seven groups (n = 5 each) which consisted of normal control (group 1) receiving phosphate buffer saline (0.4 ml), positive control (Group 2) received 2mgkg of doxorubicin (DOX) through an intraperitoneal route once weekly for 21 days, chrysin low dose and chrysin high dose (Group 3 and 4) received oral administration of chrysin 50&100mg/kg for 21 days, chrysin low dose and DOX, chrysin medium dose and DOX and chrysin high dose and DOX(group 5, 6, and 7) received 2mg/kg of DOX once weekly with 50, 100 and 150mg/kg of chrysin for 21 days. Significant elevations in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and histological lesions, which corresponded with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotic indicators, and cardiotoxicity when compared to controls, were indicative of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a sign of oxidative stress, SOD, CPK (creatinine phosphokinase), TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance), and CAT (catalase) were also elevated in the DOX group. The DOX group also had increased levels of cardiac inflammatory markers, including as interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the apoptotic marker caspase-3. 5, 7-dihydroxyflavone (chrysin) significantly mitigated, but did not entirely reverse, the cardiotoxicity caused by DOX by reducing the histopathological scores of cardiomyopathies and lowering cTnI in comparison to the DOX group. Additionally, chrysin reduced MDA to substantially similar levels as the control. Following chrysin administration, significant decreases in IL-1, IL-6, and caspase-3 were also seen in comparison to the DOX-only group. All things considered, these findings point to chrysin's protective action against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which may have been rendered possible by oxidative stress, inflammatory, and apoptotic suppression.","PeriodicalId":317608,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemicals Extraction in Craterostigma Plantagineum Hoscht: Aqueous and Ethanol Solvents","authors":"Gichuki Joseph Maina, N. Magak, M. Domnic, Kanyugo Anne Murugi","doi":"10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i11.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i11.004","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Background: Phytochemicals are plant bioactive compounds that are produced for their protection with some having medicinal value. Craterostigma plantagineum hoscht is a plant that is purported to have medicinal value and is used for treatment of pain, liver and diarrheal ailments. Extensive researches on phytochemicals present in Craterostigma plantagineum hoscht are missing. The aim of this study was to determine qualitative phytochemicals yield in ethanol and aqueous extracts of Craterostigma plantagineum hoscht. Materials and methods: Craterostigma plantagineum hoscht was harvested and allowed to air dry for one month. Grinding into powder form later followed this. Solvents used included 70% ethanol and distilled water. 500mg of Craterostigma plantagineum ground powder was soaked in 70% ethanol for 48 hours, filtered and vaporized in rotary evaporator. Aqueous extraction involved soaking of 500mg of ground powder in 250 millilitre distilled water, set in a shaker for 2 days, filtered, deep frozen for 48 hours and finally freeze dried for 72 hour. Chemicals used to test phytochemicals included 1% gelatin, chloroform, ferric chloride, sulphuric acid, lead acetate solution, magnesium turnings, 10% sodium chloride, acetic anhydride, Mayer’s reagent, ammonia and hydrochloric acid. Results: The yield included flavonoids, Saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides, phenols, anthraquinones, alkaloids, terpenoids and sterols. Tannins, anthraquinones, flavonoids, sterols, cardiac glycosides, Saponins, and phenols were highly extracted in ethanol while aqueous extract yielded more alkaloids and terpenoids. Conclusion and recommendations: Ethanol extraction yielded more phytochemicals than aqueous. Nonetheless, some phytochemicals were better extracted in ethanol while others in aqueous making the choice of extraction method dependent on the phytochemical of interest.","PeriodicalId":317608,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"39 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139259709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interference of Seizure Disorders on Motor Functions, Coordination and Balance in Wistar Rats","authors":"Adesua C. Obiandu, K. G. Davies, C. Ekpenyong, C. Obiandu, K. Okari","doi":"10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i11.002","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic recurrent seizures is a characteristic feature of epilepsy. It is a chronic neurological condition, usually resulting in unpredictable, unprovoked recurrent seizures that affect a variety of mental and physical functions. Some motor functions appear vulnerable to these seizure disorders. This study investigated the neurobehavioural analysis of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure on motor balance, coordination in Wistar rats. The study was done in two phases: acute (14days) and chronic (28days). A total of twenty adult Wistar rats weighing between 90-120g were used for each phase of study. The rats were divided into four (4) groups (1-4, n=5). PTZ was administered intraperitoneally to the PTZ treated groups one (1) week before the neurobehavioral experiments commenced. Group 1 (control) received distilled water; groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered with subconvulsive doses of PTZ (25mg/kg, 30mg/kg and 35mg/kg) respectively at alternate days (48 hourly) until kindling was achieved. The study evaluated neurobehavioural parameters using Rotarod test (RT) and Handgrip test (HT). In both tests, the time latencies were significantly (P<0.05) reduced and worsened with time, when test groups were compared to control either in acute or chronic phase study. The results from the current study on the effects of the chemoculvosant seizures on motor functions, coordination and balance shows that severity and chronicity of seizures caused a deficit in motor coordination and balance. In conclusion, seizure disorder disrupts motor activities.","PeriodicalId":317608,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"93 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Basic Pulmonary Indices of Obese Women Resident in Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"T. A, Zosa Ugbana Dienye, Rosemary Oluchi Stanley, Joy Tonye Wihioka, S. Dede","doi":"10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i11.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i11.003","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity and pulmonary diseases are said to be co-prevalent and debilitating chronic illnesses that are becoming more and more commonplace globally. This study thus, evaluated the changes in basic pulmonary indices of obese women resident in Rivers State, Nigeria. The minimum sample size of 272 was determined using the Leslie Fischer's formula; exactly 334 obese and non-obese women within their 18 and 65 years of age with no critical health condition and resident in Upland and Riverine areas of Rivers State were actually surveyed by the present study. A multistage sampling technique was adopted, and subjects were surveyed across the upland and riverine locations of the State. These subjects were evenly drawn from the multi-ethnic residents of the state. Automated spirometer was used to measure forced vital capacity (FVC); forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced expiratory volume in 6 second (FEV6) and the FEV1/FVC ratio. The quantitative data were subjected to statistical analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test with a p< 0.05 considered statistically significant were determined. The result indicated that the obese subjects had reductions in some pulmonary indices, like FVC levels. On the other hand, the FVC/ FEV1 ratio had significant (p<0.05) increases following increasing BMI. Further evaluations on the actual impact of obesity on FVC/ FEV1 ratio may shade more light in this direction.","PeriodicalId":317608,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"62 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139279654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ethanol Extract of Annona muricata on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Neuroinflammation in Wistar Rats","authors":"Ayodeji David Adeoye, Kosisochukwu Angel Amadike, Bayo Olufunso Adeoye, Oyetola Tolulope Oyebanjo, Lola Adeola Adelakin","doi":"10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2023.v06i10.002","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Annona muricata is a lowland tropical fruit bearing tree of the Annonaceae family which can be found in the rainforest of Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia. It is commonly known as soursop, graviola, guanabana, or brazillian pawpaw. It has a large, glossy, dark green leaves with edible, green heart-shaped fruit. The leathery skin of the fruit is covered with soft, curved spines each of which may contain 55-170 black seeds distributed in a creamy white flesh with a characteristic aroma and flavour. Objectives: The study aims to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Annona muricata on Lipopolysaccharide induced Neuroinflammation in Wistar rats. Method: Prostagladin E1 &amp; E2 markers were used for biochemical assays. The Neurobehavioral assessment of memory and locomotion coordination was assessed using the Y maze and Open field and the data was presented as Mean ± Standard Error of Mean (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post hoc Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. All statistical analysis were done by using Prism software, version 5 (GraphPad software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Results: The effects of ethanol extract of Annona muricata (AME) on PGE1 on lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation in wistar rats shows the control, LPS, AME + LPS and Donepezil + LPS. From the result, LPS + Extract (AME) showed significant effects when compared to LPS which showed no significant effect when compared to control. The effects of ethanol extract of Annona muricata (AME) on % Alternation on lipopolysaccharide induced Neuroinflammation in wistar rats shows the control, LPS, AME + LPS and Donepezil + LPS. From the result LPS + Extract (AME) showed significant effects when compared to LPS. LPS showed no significant effect when compared to control. The effects of ethanol extract of Annona muricata (AME) on No of entry on lipopolysaccharide induced neuroinflammation in wistar rats shows the control, LPS, AME + LPS and Donepezil + LPS. From the result LPS + Extract (AME) showed no significant effects when compared to LPS which showed significant effect when compared to control. Conculsions: This study concludes that Annona muricata, at 200mg/kg possess excellent antiinflammatory qualities and it could be further explored as a potential choice for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.","PeriodicalId":317608,"journal":{"name":"Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136157422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}