Medicinski Podmladak最新文献

{"title":"The importance of smell and taste in everyday life: Dysfunction in COVID-19 patients","authors":"O. Stanojlović","doi":"10.5937/mp72-33020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-33020","url":null,"abstract":"Human-to-human transmission of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) - COVID-19 (corona virus disease 2019) - is characterized by a pandemic exponential rate and the patients with mild to moderate infection have odor and taste problems that represent a new atypical disease. A new viral syndrome of acute anosmia or \"new loss of taste or smell\" without rhinitis and nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea has been placed on the list of symptoms that may occur 2 to 14 days after exposure to the COVID-19 virus. Two months after declaring the COVID-19 pandemic in May 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized changes in the perception of smell and taste as symptoms of this disease. The described cardinal symptoms are more common in the population of young patients and able-bodied people which facilitates the spread of disease. Significantly higher prevalence of patients with COVID-19 who have lost their taste and smell is treated at home (rare hospitalization), lung damage is rare, as well as oxygen therapy with mild lymphopenia. Different scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection can be assumed: it is probable that the virus does not enter directly into olfactory sensory neurons (they do not have ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors), but it is localized to vascular pericytes and causes inflammatory processes and vasculopathies. On the other hand, direct infection of non-neuronal cells which contain said receptors is possible. Those are specific cell types in the olfactory epithelium such as sustentacular, horizontal basal cells, as well as Bowman's glands, which leads to massive degeneration and loss of olfactory neurons. The sense of taste is a complex sensation that is the result of the interaction of smell, taste, temperature and texture of food. The virus damages cranial nerves, epithelial receptors and blood vessels leading to taste damage (ageusia or dysgeusia). A multidisciplinary approach with epidemiological, clinical and basic research is needed to elucidate the mechanism of sensorineural odor and taste loss caused by coronavirus.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of chronic restraint stress on the estrous cycle in NMRI female mice","authors":"J. Ristic, Damir Bogdan, P. Banović","doi":"10.5937/MP72-28778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/MP72-28778","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Stress represents a set of reactions in the organism activated by external factors. In order to maintain homeostasis and protect the organism, numerous mechanisms for adaptation to stress evolved. Stressors that act in short-term period cause acute stress reaction with generally positive effect on organism. When the stressor persists, and the organism fails to respond to the challenge, chronic stress develops, leading to pathological conditions, such as women's menstrual cycle disorders. Aim: To examine the impact of chronic restraint stress on the estrous cycle in NMRI female mice. Material and methods: A number of 12 mature female NMRI mice were randomly divided into control (n = 6) and experimental (n = 6) group. The induction of stress was performed for the experimental group by using restrain chambers 2 hours daily in 14 days. From the beginning of the experiment, vaginal lavages were taken from all mice for making smears that were analyzed to determine estrous cycle stages. For analysis of chronic stress effect, the frequency of estrus stages alternation observed in experimental group compared to control was examined. Results: The estrous cycle was observed and divided into proestrus, estrus, metestrus and diestrus. During the adaptation period, prolonged diestrus was dominantly present in both groups. When stress was induced, in the experimental group animals the absence of diestrus stage and oscillation to other stages was obseved, in contrast to the control group, where the diestus stage was frequently observed. Frequency of diestrus stage deviation in stressed animals was shown to be statistically significant (p < 0.01) when compared to control. Conclusion: The induction of chronic restraint stress in female NMRI mice leads to the alternation of the estrous cycle. Considering the fact that NMRI female mice share the similar hormonal regulation of the estrous cycle with women's menstrual cycle, they could present a solid model for studying women's reproductive disorders.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"15 1","pages":"6-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71004554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients: Practical guidelines","authors":"P. Stevanovic","doi":"10.5937/mp72-33371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-33371","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus disease pandemic (2019) has burdened health systems around the world with a large number of severe patients in a short period of time. According to the law of large numbers, a significant number of critically ill COVID-19 patients appear in such conditions which require treatment in the intensive care unit. That percentage of those patients is around 3 - 5% in different countries. It is similar in Serbia; however, every rule has its exceptions. KBC \"Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje\" in Belgrade has been determined to take care of the most difficult COVID-19 patients since the beginning of the epidemic due to its space, organizational and personnel possibilities. Out of the total number of patients treated in KBC \"Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje\", about 25% of patients were treated in the intensive care unit for the above mentioned reasons. Guided by valid treatment protocols, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care clinic of the KBC \"Dr Dragiša Mišović-Dedinje\" has developed its own work protocols for rapid diagnosis, isolation and clinical management of such difficult patients. These protocols are important not only for the treatment of the most severe COVID-19 patients, but also for the best utilization of hospital resources, as well as for the prevention of the spread of the infection to the medical staff. Extensive experience in the treatment of critically ill patients was gained from the entire engagement during the epidemic, experienced doctors, anesthesiologists-intensivists with great knowledge in the field of work in the intensive care unit, but also managers of clinics and institutions, who can share their experience with health care policy makers. It is clear that in the future, the capacities and organization of work in the field of intensive care medicine should be redefined, as well as health workers should be trained to work in the most demanding field of medicine. Expert experience in the form of practical guidelines, derived from over fourteen months of continuous work in the red zone of COVID-19, where they fought for every breath of the patient, in this review are translated into simplified guidelines for orientation of those who find themselves in a similar situation.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of skeletal anomalies in fetal and neonatal autopsies","authors":"Matija Radojević, Katarina Pjevčević, Dunja Putniković, J. Jevtic, Ljubica Simić","doi":"10.5937/mp72-33517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-33517","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Skeletal anomalies are a heterogeneous group of disorders including changes in bone shape, size, and density that cause abnormalities of the extremities, trunk, and head. They rank second in Europe in the frequency of all congenital anomalies. The most common skeletal anomalies include head, face and limb anomalies. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of skeletal anomalies and their association with anomalies of internal organs, as well as to show the age of the mother and the gestational week of the fetus with established skeletal anomalies. Material and methods: All fetal and neonatal autopsies in the period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2020 at the Institute of Pathology \"Djordje Joannovic\" of the Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade were analyzed. In the mentioned period, 580 fetal and neonatal autopsies were performed. Clinical data were obtained from the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic \"Narodni Front\" on the basis of completed requests for clinical autopsy. Descriptive statistics methods were used (data are presented as absolute numbers and percentage frequencies). Results: The most common skeletal anomalies are divided into seven groups: spina bifida (20; 33.34%), limb anomalies (16; 26.67%), head and face bone anomalies (15; 25%), joint anomalies (2; 3.33%), achondroplasia (3; 5%), osteogenesis imperfecta (2; 3.33%) and other anomalies (2; 3.33%). The most common associated anomalies were central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities, followed by heart and kidney abnormalities. The youngest mother was 15 years old, and the oldest was 47 years old. The mean age of the mothers was 30 years. Conclusion: In our study, the most common anomaly was spina bifida, while limb anomalies and craniofacial anomalies are next in frequency. Skeletal anomalies were often associated with anomalies of the heart, kidneys, and CNS. They were mostly diagnosed between the 22nd and 27th gestational week. Our results showed that skeletal anomalies are more common in fetuses or neonates of mothers older than 30 years.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71006080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neuroprotective effect of Rho-kinase Inhibition in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced cellular model of neurodegeneration","authors":"S. Blagojević, M. Jeremić, Maja Jovanović-Tucović","doi":"10.5937/mp72-33532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-33532","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropiridium (MPTP) induced model of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most commonly used experimental models. This neurotoxic agent , or rather its metabolite MPP+, leads to inhibition of mitochondrial complex I, an increase in free radicals' production and ATP depletion, all resulting in cellular demise and death. Rho-kinase is an enzyme involved with numerous cellregulatory mechanisms, such as cytoskeleton organization, axonogenesis, vesicular transport regulation and apoptosis regulation, which are all important for cell survival. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the effects of Rho-kinase inhibition on the MPP+ induced model of neurodegeneration and the role of Akt and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways in this process. Material and methods: The experiments were performed on the human neuroblastoma SHSY5Y cell line. The MTT test was used to measure the viability of the cells after the MPP+ and/ or Rho-kinase inhibitor, fasudil, treatments. Changes in activation levels, or expression of pAMPK, pAkt, AMPK and Akt, were measured using the immunoblotting method, and the protein levels were quantified by densitometry. Results: The MPP+ caused a dose-dependent decrease in cellular viability, compared to the control group (untreated cells), while fasudil treatment, prior to MPP+ exposure, improved cell viability in a dose dependant manner, compared to MPP+ treatment. Analysis of activation status of target proteins showed an increase in Akt activation after the fasudil treatment, while the AMPK activation was not significantly changed. Conclusion: Inhibition of Rho-kinase using fasudil causes a decrease in MPP+ induced cell death, which is possibly mediated by an activation of the Akt/PI3K signaling pathway.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular diagnosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erhytematosus","authors":"V. Vasilev, A. Ristić","doi":"10.5937/mp72-34157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-34157","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in the world and the most common type of comorbidity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), primary Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Chronic inflammation in systemic rheumatic diseases can contribute to the development of CVD. Although risk factors for the CVD in the general population are well known, in patients with chronic rheumatic diseases risk factors for the CVD have not been specified as well as their connection with traditional risk factors, which would explain the increased incidence of CVD in these patients. Patients with chronic rheumatic diseases (RA, SLE, SjS and SSc) have an increased risk of developing both coronary and carotid atherosclerotic diseases. With the increase of the world's population suffering from rheumatoid autoimmune diseases, and thus increased morbidity and mortality, an adequate diagnostic strategy for the detection of coronary heart disease and risk stratification for their development is necessary. Functional techniques are readily available and can prove the presence of ischemia. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to anatomical techniques that determine the degree of atherosclerosis. So far, a small number of studies are known that indicate the diagnostic accuracy and importance of functional and anatomical techniques in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases. The advantage of anatomical techniques is reflected in the direct visualization of either obstructive or non-obstructive (subclinical) coronary disease, allowing the detection of atherosclerosis in the early subclinical stage. However, information on the hemodynamic consequences of the detected changes remains unknown without functional testing. In asymptomatic patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases, studies have shown an increased prevalence of silent ischemia and atherosclerosis and thus suggested early screening in the general population. Unfortunately, only a small number of prospective studies that have examined improved prognosis based on screening. Therefore, it is very important to conduct large prospective studies in terms of examining predictive markers of the occurrence and development of coronary heart disease in patients with autoimmune rheumatoid diseases.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Cell models for studying muscle insulin resistance (2021, vol. 72, br. 1, pp. 50-57)","authors":"U. Uredništvo","doi":"10.5937/mp72-35787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-35787","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper titled \"Cell models for studying muscle insulin resistance\" by Kasja Pavlović et al. published in Medical youth journal volumen 72, number 1, there occurred a technical error on the title page, where in the upper left corner the type of manuscript is marked as \"ORIGINAL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE\". The type of the mentioned manuscript is a mini-review article and in the upper left corner there should be written \"Mini review article\". On this occasion, we apologize to the authors and readers. With the consent of the author, we publish a correction in this issue.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71006168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic modalities and course of the disease in patients with autoimune pemphigus (AP) treated at the Clinic of dermatovenerology in the period 2013-2018","authors":"Sucro Madzgalj, Dragana Jakovljević, D. Živanović","doi":"10.5937/mp72-33186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-33186","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Autoimmune pemphigus (AP) is one of the most severe dermatologic diseases. AP belongs to the group of organ-specific autoimmune disorders, with autoantibodies directed against cellsurface antigens on keratinocytes, mostly desmogleins. Three main types of AP have been described, depending on the clinical and histopathological features and the different target antigens: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV), Pemphigus foliaceus (PF), each with its own subtypes and paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP). The clinical course and prognosis of AP depend on its subtype, therapeutic modalities and their side effects. The main goal of the treatment is to achieve and maintain remission without any systemic therapy or with minimal therapeutic doses (\"maintenance therapy\"). Aim: A retrospective study of hospitalized patients with various forms of AP, analysis of clinical course and evaluation of therapeutic modalities employed. Material and methods: A total of 158 inpatients with diagnosed AP, admitted to the Clinic of Dermatovenereology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, from 2013 to 2018, with a subsequent followup of 6 to 12 months, were included in this study. Demographic and clinical data as well as treatment approaches were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: The most common subtype encountered was PV (72.15%); in the largest number of patients (46.84%) the disease occurred between ages 39-59. Conventional corticosteroid treatment was most frequently used (67.41%), along with azathioprine (66.86%) as the most common immunosuppressive drug. In 60.8% of patients no side effects or disease complications were recorded. During the follow-up, at the end of 2018, 48.1% of patients achieved remission. Conclusion: We have shown a high incidence of PV. Treatment approaches used in our patients were in accordance with the pemphigus subtype and course of the disease. A significant number of patients achieved clinical remission.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (silicone breast implants and lip fillers)","authors":"Božidar Pocevski, S. Pavlov-Dolijanovic","doi":"10.5937/MP72-26494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/MP72-26494","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Silicone breast implants (SBI) have been used since 1962 in the reconstruction of post-mastectomy cases, in augmentation of the breast, or for cosmetic purposes, while fillers with biopolymer (FB) have been used since the 1990s. Today, they are considered adjuvants of the immune system. Most complications of SBI and FB are local in nature, but some patients experience systemic symptoms, which are defined as adjuvant-induced autoimmune inflammatory syndrome (ASIA). Aim: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the possible association of silicone breast implants and FB with the development of immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IMIRD). Material and methods: The research represents retrospective study which involved 15 female patients with immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases, 6 of whom were patients with implanted silicone breast implants for cosmetic reasons, and 9 patients with placement of fillers with biopolymer on the lips. Results: The average time from silicone implantation to the onset of the first symptoms was 6.10 ± 5.3 (range 6 months to 24 years). The following immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases were recorded: 3 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 3 patients with undifferentiated arthritis, 3 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, 1 patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, 2 patients with undifferentiated SCTD, 2 patients with mixed connective tissue disease, and one patient with unexplained systemic disease. Seven patients had the Raynaud phenomenon. Spontaneous abortions were reported in 2 patients. Conclusion: Earlier reports that silicone breast implants and biopolymer fillers are safe, today are changing with the description of ASIA syndrome.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71004332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing for SARS-CoV-2","authors":"D. Popadic","doi":"10.5937/mp72-33002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-33002","url":null,"abstract":"This review article describes the principles and implications of certain tests for diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infections. The advantages and disadvantages of certain tests, both those in routine diagnostic application and those that have primarily research significance, are discussed. Also, a review of the practice of reporting results is given, as well as recommendations for its improvement.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}