Medicinski Podmladak最新文献

{"title":"The association of common glutathione S-transferases polymorphisms with inflammatory and multiorgan impairment biomarkers in COVID-19","authors":"Anja Krunić, Đurđa Jerotić, M. Matić","doi":"10.5937/mp74-39841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp74-39841","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Due to the established role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, it has been proposed that inter-individual differences in patients' clinical manifestations might be affected by variations in genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in cytosolic GSTs (GSTA1 rs3957357, GSTM3 rs1332018 and GSTP1 rs1695) with inflammatory parameters (leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, ferritin) and multiorgan impairment biomarkers (urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, LDH) in COVID-19 patients at two-time points. Material and methods: GSTM3, GSTA1 and GSTP1 genotypes were determined in 150 COVID-19 patients by appropriate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Results: Inflammatory biomarkers (leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes) increased 7 days upon admission to the hospital (p < 0.001), while CRP and fibrinogen decreased (p < 0.001). Out of five analyzed multiorgan impairment biomarkers, only urea increased significantly 7 days upon admission (p < 0.007), while AST showed a statistically significant drop (p < 0.001). COVID-19 patients homozygous for variant GSTM3*C/C genotype had increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP, fibrinogen and ferritin, but the borderline significance was observed only for fibrinogen (p = 0.057). COVID-19 patients homozygous for variant GSTM3*C allele had the highest levels of ALT (p = 0.021) and LDH (p = 0.045) upon admission. Conclusion: Our results on the association between GSTM3 variant genotype with parameters of systemic inflammation and liver damage in COVID-19 patients can contribute to further understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning this disease, as well as early recognition of COVID-19 patients prone to worse course of the disease.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71007951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for postoperative hemorrhage in thyroid surgery","authors":"K. Taušanović, V. Živaljević","doi":"10.5937/mp74-40905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp74-40905","url":null,"abstract":"Post-thyroidectomy bleeding is rare but potentially life-threatening complication. The incidence of post thyroidectomy bleeding ranges from 0.43 to 4.2%. Despite developments in surgical techniques, postoperative bleeding is still the most serious complication in thyroid surgery because it represents an emergency condition, in most cases. A number of different risk factors have been reported in studies evaluating the occurrence of postoperative hematoma. Risk factors range from those related to patients' demographics, thyroid pathology, extent of resection, previous thyroid surgery, to those related to the presence of co-morbidities, or use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications. Postoperative hemorrhage is a rare event, therefore studying the risk factors associated with this complication is challenging. Risk factors for hematomas are still largely debatable considering that most of the studies were conducted in single centers. Early recognition and emergency intervention are essential in managing post-thyroidectomy hemorrhage. Therefore, it is especially important to identify risk factors, as well as the time frame for the occurrence of this complication.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71008300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of the most common forms of spinocerebellar ataxia","authors":"Olivera Tamaš, Vladimir S. Kostić","doi":"10.5937/mp74-42355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp74-42355","url":null,"abstract":"Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterogeneous group of autosomal dominant ataxias characterized by a dominantly progressive evolution of the cerebellar syndrome and other extra-cerebellar symptoms and signs. Today there are approximately 40 genetic SCAs and this review aims to describe the clinical picture and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the most common SCA subtypes in Europe and Serbia. This is a group of polyglutamine diseases caused by mutations resulting from the expansion of the CAG repeats and accompanied by the loss of neural volume mainly of the cerebellum and the spinal cord. Magnetic resonance has a vital role in the diagnosis since it excludes structural damage as one of the potential causes of ataxia. In addition to this, the loss of volume, as demonstrated by MRI, serves as a biomarker that helps to monitor the natural progression of different subtypes of the disease. Typical findings in these MRI scans include cortico-cerebellar atrophy, spinal cord atrophy, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, and different combinations of the said atrophies. Unfortunately, there are no distinct pathognomonic MRI signs or combinations of signs to facilitate diagnosis. There are, however, similarities in the MRI findings of some of the SCA subtypes, especially at disease onset. The ability to differentiate one pattern of atrophy from another and observe other clinical characteristics can have an important role and can be of significant help in the diagnostic process.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71009115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of beta cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in clinical practice","authors":"J. Stojanovic, Teodora Beljić-Živković","doi":"10.5937/mp74-40304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp74-40304","url":null,"abstract":"Dysfunctions underlining type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) evolution are insulin resistance and beta-cell secretory insufficiency. Practical but reliable beta-cell function (BCF) testing is still elusive. Methods of BCF measurement include the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), glucagon stimulation test (GST), oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT), intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT), meal tolerance tests (MTT) and the hyperglycemic clamp procedure. Oral tests have the advantage of simpler use and superior approximation of real-life stimulation inclusive for incretin activation effects. The advantage of the test meal over the OGTT incudes a more adequate simulation of nutrients effect on incretin secretion. Therefore, a standardized test meal (STO) would best reflect the spike in insulin secretion after a meal in real life. Conclusion: Standardized test meal, as potent stimulus of C-peptide secretion, is a promising simple and naturalistic alternative to in vivo assess beta-cell function in an affordable outpatient setting, through analysis of C-peptide response in newly diagnosed diabetic patients, as potent stimulus of C-peptide secretion.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71008409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity during pregnancy: Benefits and global recommendations","authors":"Marija Rovčanin, I. Vujcic, Svetlana Janković","doi":"10.5937/mp74-41113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp74-41113","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity (PA) has a crucial role in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases on a global scale. Regular PA leads to the enhancement of numerous health aspects by improving numerous physiological, metabolic, and psychological parameters. It is one of the crucial preconditions for much of human health needs, particularly for the reproductive-aged population and pregnant women. During pregnancy, PA has a beneficial impact not only on the well-being of the pregnant mother but also on the health of the baby. There are presently no official national guidelines regarding PA during pregnancy in Serbia, so we advocate for and adhere to the worldwide norms. The widespread agreement is that every woman, excluding those with certain clinical or antenatal contraindications, should engage in PA throughout their pregnancy. While formatting the recommendations, particular attention was placed on the duration of exercising, the number of days per week an activity is performed, a subjective measure of how hard PA feels to a person while doing it (subject perceived exertion), the sort of PA that is suggested, but also those that should be avoided, as well as techniques for supervision with clearly defined indicators that indicate the need to discontinue a certain activity. It has not been effectively established via initiatives meant to enhance the general health of a population of Serbian pregnant women, one of the most susceptible demographic groups. Moreover, in Serbia, there have not been enough studies on the impacts and advantages of exercising during gestation, and neither is there any consensus on the best way to counsel expectant mothers during their pregnancies. Future research should be required to design and promote PA programs for expectant mothers, in an effort to prevent pregnancy difficulties, by outlining the significance and advantages of leading an active lifestyle during pregnancy and keeping track of attitudes and behaviors linked to health. Regarding the physiological changes associated with pregnancy, modest physical exercise during gestation should be promoted and strongly recommended.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71008509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventive behavior among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Ivan Đokić, Milena Đokić, Ana Đokić, J. Milin-Lazović","doi":"10.5937/mp73-38453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp73-38453","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The corona virus has shown that it does not have a seasonal character-it spreads very easily from one person to another, if prevention measures are not applied. In addition to vaccination, which is undoubtedly the most important measure to prevent COVID-19 infection, responsible behavior (wearing masks, hand hygiene, respecting physical distance), especially in this period of increasing the number of patients and the emergence of new strains, is also an important measure of disease prevention and control. Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the preventive behavior of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: The research was conducted in January 2021 as a cross-sectional study involving 373 students of the Medical Faculty of the University of Belgrade. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect the data, which was created using Google Forms applications, and the completion of the questionnaire was voluntary and anonymous. The questionnaire consisted of 3 parts: sociodemographic characteristics and preventive behavior of medical students related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: About 80% of students often wore a protective mask and avoided touching their face, almost all often washed their hands, and about 90% rarely and occasionally wore gloves. The students washed and disinfected their hands significantly more often, avoided touching their faces with their hands, and covered their mouths and noses more often when sneezing and coughing. Also, female students were statistically significantly more likely to stay at home and disinfect items compared to male students. Conclusion: Knowledge of risky and preventive behavior related to COVID-19, as well as an adequate level of knowledge among students, positive attitudes and preventive behavior are key to ensuring effective prevention and control of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71007513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual impairment and falls as risk factors of orthopaedic fractures","authors":"Herbert Mugabe, Z. Terzić-Šupić, Marko Bumbaširević","doi":"10.5937/mp74-38985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp74-38985","url":null,"abstract":"The musculoskeletal system represents one of the most affected systems in general traumatology. Fractures of the locomotor system and their effects are among the most severe and demanding injuries for the community in general and for the health system in particular. There are different factors that have been established as risk factors for fractures, with falls representing the main cause. Given the fact that vision has a key role in preserving gait and balance, various conditions of visual impairments have been related to an increase in fall-related injuries, and fractures of the locomotor system, especially in older population. Indeed, with an increased life expectancy, there is a rise in the number of visually impaired individuals and subsequently a rise in the number of falls and fractures. In this study, a review of the incidence and risk factors of musculoskeletal system fractures and falls was conducted, with the incidence of visual impairments in the general population. Another review of different types of visual impairments was done that included potential risk factors for fractures, falls and soft tissue injuries of the hand and if there has been any association between these specific visual impairments and the risk of falling, getting a fracture or a soft tissue injury of the hand.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71007826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern approach in oligometastatic prostate cancer therapy","authors":"J. Stanić, M. Nikitović, N. Miletić, V. Stankovic","doi":"10.5937/mp74-36499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp74-36499","url":null,"abstract":"Oligometastatic disease is defined as an intermediate state between localized and widespread metastatic disease. Oligometastatic prostate cancer is generally defined by the presence of five or fewer metastatic sites on imaging. In the era of precision and personalized cancer care, the introduction of more sensitive imaging technologies and the availability of safe and effective localized non-or minimally invasive treatment options, have led to an increase in the incidence and clinical interest in oligometastatic prostate cancer. In addition, the therapeutic paradigm for oligometastatic prostate cancer is evolving toward a more aggressive approach. Retrospective studies have shown that in the metastatic setting, treatments such as radical prostatectomy and local or metastasis-directed radiation therapy can be performed with minimal risk of toxicity and may enhance clinical outcomes. As there is insufficient data to draw reliable conclusions about their impact on survival, aggressive approaches in the treatment of oligometastatic prostate cancer should be considered only in the context of prospective clinical trials, with the patient informed of the limited evidence of benefit. The current inconsistent approach of detecting and treating oligometastatic prostate cancer patients will need to be standardized in order for future clinical studies to be properly performed and, more importantly, compared. These crucial conditions will reveal if oligometastasis diagnosis and therapy should be included in the standard clinical practice of prostate cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71008092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laryngeal dysplasia, state of art","authors":"Novica Boricic, T. Terzić","doi":"10.5937/mp74-41084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp74-41084","url":null,"abstract":"Laryngeal dysplasia is a precancerous lesion of laryngeal epithelium. Cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption have been identified as the two most important etiological risk factors for the development of laryngeal dysplasia. It is considered that low-grade dysplasias have a lower malignant potential and that high-grade dysplasias have a higher potential for progression into squamous cell carcinoma. It is necessary to establish a precise diagnosis to prevent the progression of dysplasia into squamous cell carcinoma. Dysplasia has a diverse macroscopic presentation including leukoplakia, erythroleukoplakia, hyperkeratotic thickening, or exophytic tumor-like masses. Available laryngoscopic techniques are not diagnostically efficient. The diagnosis is based on the histopathological picture of the lesion. There are several classification systems of laryngeal dysplasias that are used in practice, but each relies on the subjective interpretation of morphological criteria. There is great interobserver variability among pathologists for each of the existing dysplasia classifications. All classification systems have weak correlations between the degree of dysplasia and the risk of malignant transformation. So far, there is no biological or genetic marker that is specific for dysplasia or type of laryngeal dysplasia; however, recent studies identified some biomarkers that could be used to determine the malignant potential of dysplasias. The aim of this mini-review is to show the novelties in the classification, etiology, histopathological diagnosis, and therapy of laryngeal dysplasia.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71008370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNAs in high-grade gliomas: What is their role?","authors":"A. Stepanović, Marina Nikitović, N. Petrović","doi":"10.5937/mp74-41114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp74-41114","url":null,"abstract":"High-grade gliomas are malignant tumours of the central nervous system with poor overall survival. Equivalently, glioblastoma is one of the most devastating brain tumours. Treatment for most high-grade gliomas includes surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Even with all treatment modalities, at a certain point, disease progression occurs. Moreover, each of the treatment modalities can lead to different toxicities. In the last ten years, many studies have aimed to find a stable and unique biomarker that can help diagnose brain tumours, overcome treatment resistance, and improve overall survival. MicroRNAs are non-coding elements of the genome that are relatively stable in serum and plasma and can be isolated from the tissue as well. It has been discovered that the alteration of many microRNAs can be seen in high-grade gliomas. The determined microRNA could potentially play a part in the diagnosis and prognosis of high-grade gliomas, have a therapeutic role in the treatment of high-grade gliomas or act as a predictive biomarker of treatment-induced toxicity. To achieve this, every high-grade glioma should have its own microRNA signature. Numerous studies have detected a big potential of certain microRNAs. The disadvantages of these studies are that they mostly included a small number of samples. Moreover, research into microRNA as potential therapeutic agents has primarily been based on cell lines, or xenografts. On the other hand, many microRNAs show significant alterations in high-grade gliomas, but still, their altered expression can be detected in other cancers and some non-oncological diseases. In this article, we made a critical mini-review of the role of microRNAs in high-grade gliomas.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71008664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}