孕期身体活动:益处和全球建议

Marija Rovčanin, I. Vujcic, Svetlana Janković
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引用次数: 0

摘要

身体活动在全球范围内预防非传染性疾病方面发挥着至关重要的作用。定期PA通过改善许多生理、代谢和心理参数,导致许多健康方面的增强。它是满足许多人类健康需求的关键先决条件之一,特别是对育龄人口和孕妇而言。在怀孕期间,PA不仅对孕妇的健康有益,而且对婴儿的健康也有有益的影响。目前在塞尔维亚没有关于怀孕期间PA的官方国家指导方针,因此我们倡导并坚持全球规范。普遍的共识是,除了那些有某些临床或产前禁忌症的妇女外,每个妇女都应该在整个怀孕期间进行PA。在编制建议时,特别注意的是锻炼的持续时间,每周进行一项活动的天数,在做这项活动时个人感觉PA有多困难的主观衡量标准(受试者感知到的劳累),建议的PA类型,以及应该避免的PA类型,以及具有明确定义的指示需要停止某项活动的监督技术。它没有通过旨在提高塞尔维亚孕妇(最易受影响的人口群体之一)总体健康的举措有效地建立起来。此外,在塞尔维亚,对怀孕期间运动的影响和好处没有进行足够的研究,对孕妇怀孕期间咨询的最佳方式也没有达成任何共识。未来的研究需要设计和推广针对准妈妈的PA项目,通过概述怀孕期间积极生活方式的重要性和优势,并跟踪与健康相关的态度和行为,努力预防怀孕困难。对于与妊娠相关的生理变化,应提倡并强烈建议在妊娠期间进行适度的体育锻炼。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Physical activity during pregnancy: Benefits and global recommendations
Physical activity (PA) has a crucial role in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases on a global scale. Regular PA leads to the enhancement of numerous health aspects by improving numerous physiological, metabolic, and psychological parameters. It is one of the crucial preconditions for much of human health needs, particularly for the reproductive-aged population and pregnant women. During pregnancy, PA has a beneficial impact not only on the well-being of the pregnant mother but also on the health of the baby. There are presently no official national guidelines regarding PA during pregnancy in Serbia, so we advocate for and adhere to the worldwide norms. The widespread agreement is that every woman, excluding those with certain clinical or antenatal contraindications, should engage in PA throughout their pregnancy. While formatting the recommendations, particular attention was placed on the duration of exercising, the number of days per week an activity is performed, a subjective measure of how hard PA feels to a person while doing it (subject perceived exertion), the sort of PA that is suggested, but also those that should be avoided, as well as techniques for supervision with clearly defined indicators that indicate the need to discontinue a certain activity. It has not been effectively established via initiatives meant to enhance the general health of a population of Serbian pregnant women, one of the most susceptible demographic groups. Moreover, in Serbia, there have not been enough studies on the impacts and advantages of exercising during gestation, and neither is there any consensus on the best way to counsel expectant mothers during their pregnancies. Future research should be required to design and promote PA programs for expectant mothers, in an effort to prevent pregnancy difficulties, by outlining the significance and advantages of leading an active lifestyle during pregnancy and keeping track of attitudes and behaviors linked to health. Regarding the physiological changes associated with pregnancy, modest physical exercise during gestation should be promoted and strongly recommended.
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