Medicinski Podmladak最新文献

{"title":"Significance of thiol-disulfide balance in SARS-CoV-2 infection","authors":"T. Simić","doi":"10.5937/mp72-32874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-32874","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the molecular mechanisms regarding interaction of different viruses with receptors on the host cell surface have shown that the viral entry depends on the specific relationship between free thiol (SH) groups and disulfides on the virus surface, as well as the thiol disulfide balance on the host cell surface. The presence of oxidizing compounds or alkylating agents, which disturb the thiol-disulfide balance on the surface of the virus, can also affect its infectious potential. Disturbed thiol-disulfide balance may also influence protein-protein interactions between SARS-CoV-2 protein S and ACE2 receptors of the host cell. This review presents the basic mechanisms of maintaining intracellular and extracellular thiol disulfide balance and previous experimental and clinical evidence in favor of impaired balance in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Besides, the results of the clinical application or experimental analysis of compounds that induce changes in the thiol disulfide balance towards reduction of disulfide bridges in proteins of interest in COVID-19 infection are presented.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors for coronary artery disease in patients on chronic hemodialysis","authors":"Jelena Ljubicic, Andrej Pešić, Nikola Marinković, M. Kravljača","doi":"10.5937/mp72-34597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-34597","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality (46 - 60%) among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Three methods are used for kidney function replacement in patients with end-stage renal disease: hemodialysis, pertioneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. About 40% of the dialysis population develop coronary artery disease (CAD) due to chronic metabolic and inflammatory disorders. Risk factors for developing CAD in this group of patients include chronic anemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance and volume overload. Aim: To determine the impact of metabolic and inflammatory disorders in developing CAD in patients with CKD that are chronically treated with hemodialysis. Material and methods: This case-control study included 115 patients with end-stage renal disease that were treated in Hemodialysis ward, Clinic for Nephrology, University Clinical Centre of Serbia. Data were collected for the period from January 2015 to December 2020. Elective coronarography was used to determine the presence and the characteristics of CAD. We also analyzed patient's laboratory findings, their demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as primary renal disease that led to the development of CKD in these patients. Additional parameters used in this study included the presence of Diabetes mellitus (DM) and duration of hemodialysis. Results: Coronary artery disease was diagnosed in 19 out of 115 patients (16.5%). Patients with CAD had a significantly higher levels of serum calcium (2.3 to 2.2 mmol/L) (p = 0.039), while other laboratory parameters did not show significant correlation. Most of the patients with CAD were male (16 of 19 patients, 84.3%, p = 0.01), while 31.6% (6 of 19 patients) with CAD were diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus (p = 0.009). Conclusion: The presence of Diabetes mellitus, higher calcium level, as well as male gender signicifantly increase the risk of developing CAD in patients chronically treated with hemodialysis.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71006029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of physical activity for the development of motor skills of younger school age children","authors":"Zorana Bukvić, D. Ćirović, D. Nikolić","doi":"10.5937/mp72-31878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-31878","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity plays an important role in the motor and psychological development in a pediatric population. The maturation of human motor skills is gradual over the time. It depends on several factors, including but not limited to: individual differences, health condition, quality of neuromuscular structures and stimulating factors. Research included in this review shows that different types of physical activity, including aerobic training, strength training, dance, yoga, and walking programs, improve mood and mental health. Aerobic physical activity has the greatest effect on reducing the symptoms of anxiety and stress. Habits related to the physical activity, acquired in childhood, can be maintained in adulthood, which contributes to the better health and quality of life. Extensive literature indicates that regular physical activity encourages growth and development and has multiple benefits for the mental, physical, cognitive and psychosocial health of children. Children capacities for exercise change in accordance within defined developmental periods. Young children are active at short intervals and their capacity for continuous activity increases as they grow and mature. The health benefits of sporadic exercise at a younger age are not well established, stressing the short-term benefits of physical activity for some aspects of cognitive and mental health, indicating that maximum benefit can be achieved by frequent bouts of exercise during the day.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health and COVID-19 pandemic: The literature review","authors":"N. Marić","doi":"10.5937/mp72-32877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-32877","url":null,"abstract":"Mental health (MH) and illness reflect bio-psycho-social balance/imbalance and extend into multidimensional space. In the current pandemic, the entire area of MH/illness is at increased risk of contamination not only by infection, but also by numerous other aspects of this complex public health crisis. There are at least three mechanisms by which the COVID-19 pandemic can create new-onset mental conditions: 1) Psychological factor - increased degree of emotional suffering after extremely severe traumatic events or long-term life-threatening exposures; 2) Social factor - risks related to interaction with the environment: a) emotional deprivation; b) cognitive disintegration related to infodemia and c) existential, primarily economic fears that destabilize relationships (within the family and beyond); and 3) Biological factor - neuropsychiatric effects of the virus itself. In addition to the new-onset conditions, the pandemic also has an impact on people who already have a history of mental disorders. This review paper will present the most important information from relevant sources related to mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic related to the first year of exposure. Emphasis will be on research that has attracted attention with sample size and representativeness, as well as a reliable methodology, with the aim of not losing sight of the heterogeneity of the pandemic effects on mental health.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 immunity and an overview of the COVID-19 vaccines","authors":"M. Marković","doi":"10.5937/mp72-33315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-33315","url":null,"abstract":"The remarkable development of a large number of vaccines against COVID-19 in a very short period of time represents one of the greatest successes of medicine and science in history, and mass vaccination at the global level will be crucial for prevention and mitigation of COVID-19. However, there are still numerous open questions about the vaccines, and the protection they provide, and answers to those questions will not only help to control this pandemic, but they will also prepare us to react better in case of future outbreaks. This review will present the latest findings on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and give an update on COVID-19 immunity. It will also provide an overview of the most important vaccines against COVID-19, especially those available in Serbia, with an emphasis on their immunogenicity, efficacy and safety, as well as the platforms used for their development. In addition, a special attention will be given to open issues related to immunization against COVID-19, such as the duration of post-vaccination immunity, the degree of protection against new virus variants and the need for booster doses and mixing and matching of different COVID-19 vaccines.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serotype distribution and antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from patients with pneumococcal pneumonia","authors":"Farah Hamzagić, J. Ranin, I. Gajić, N. Opavski, L. Ranin","doi":"10.5937/mp72-33496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-33496","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). In Serbia, pneumococcal conjugate vaccines PCV-10 and PCV-13 were licensed for immunization in 2018. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. pneumoniae isolated from patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. Material and methods: Isolates of S. pneumoniae were recovered from patients with CAP addmitted to 18 hospitals throughout Serbia from 2012-2020. Confirmation of the identification was performed using lytA gene detection by PCR. Serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Quellung reaction and disk diffusion/gradient test, respectively. Interpretation of the susceptibility testing was done according to the current European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommendations. Results: During the study period, a total of 100 isolates of S. pneumoniae were collected. Overall, 19 pneumococcal serotypes were identified. The predominant types observed, in order of decreasing frequency, were 3 (37%), 14 (16%), 6B (6%), 7F (5%), 9V (4%), and 4 (4%); further, 2% of the isolates were non-typeable. However, the most common serotype among children < 2 years old was 14 (27.3%). The vaccine coverage of strains isolated from children < 5 years was higher with PCV-13 compared to PCV-10 (86,7% vs. 46,7%, p = 0.008). Additionally, the vaccine coverage of pneumococci isolated from patients >2 years was higher with the PPV-23 than with PCV-13 (96.6% vs. 84.3%, p = 0.0230). Ten isolates (10%) were PPV-23/nonPCV-13, whereas four isolates (4%) were non-typable (17A, 23A, and 9A). Serotype 3 significantly increased from pre-vaccine to post-vaccine period (30.8% vs. 60.8%, p = 0.0108). The overall antimicrobial resistance rates were as follows: penicillin - 9%, ceftriaxone - 2%, erythromycin - 24%, clindamycin - 16%, tetracycline - 11%, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole - 21%. Conclusion: More than 70% of the isolated strains belonged to the serotypes 3, 14, 6B, 9B, and 4. The highest resistance rates of the tested pneumococci were found for macrolides and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the - 318C/T (RS5742909) CTLA4 gene polymorphism influence on kidney function after transplantation","authors":"Nevena Veljančić, V. Perovic","doi":"10.5937/mp72-32455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-32455","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The protein CTLA-4 (Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4) is a molecule that plays a significant role in maintaining immunological homeostasis. Recent studies demonstrated an unequivocal proof that CTLA-4 has an inhibitory effect on immune response. This gene has been identified with several single nucleotide polymorphisms which could change gene activity, consequently leading to structural protein change. This genetic variability is associated with acute rejection and delayed graft function as important indicators of kidney transplantation success. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential association of CTLA4 (rs5742909) polymorphisms with acute rejection and delayed graft function in patients with kidney transplant. Material and methods: A total of 151 patients were included in this cross-sectional cohort study. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the genotype which was then evaluated in relation to acute rejection and delayed graft function. Statistical significance was analyzed by Pearson's Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Results: The most frequent genotype among 151 patient was CC (80.8%), then CT (17.9%) and TT (1.3%). The frequency of C allele is 89.7% whereas the frequency of T allele is 10.3%. There was no statistically significant difference in CTLA4 genotype and allele distribution nor their linkage to acute rejection and delayed graft function. The evaluation of C or T allele carriers showed no statistically significant difference with respect to previously mentioned posttransplant complications. Conclusion: In this study, no statistically significant association between -318C/T (rs5742909) CTLA4 polymorphism and AR/DGF was found.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71005625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complications at usage of the new anticoagulant therapy in elderly patients","authors":"Dunja Trailov, N. Despotović","doi":"10.5937/mp72-27624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-27624","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: New anticoagulant therapy (DOAC) was introduced few years ago. It is an alternative therapy for antagonists of vitamin K (VKA) in prevention and therapy of diseases with different etiology. Despite their advantages, bleeding stays a major complication. The fact is that there are no significant researches on this topic. Aim: To analyze the incidence of bleeding as a complication in patients treated with dabigatran. Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted including 60 patients older than 65 years with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treated with anticoagulant therapy. Half of this number was taking dabigatran (examined group) and half was taking warfarin (control group). Apart from demographical and clinical parameters, incidence, type and localization of bleeding was also followed. Results: In the group of patients who were taking dabigatran, in 13.3% of cases bleeding occurred as a complication of therapy. Among them, gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common (75%), but also hematomas on the body occurred (25%) and the therapy was immediately discontinued. In 45% of patients taking warfarin, bleeding was verified as a complication. From that number, 33.5% had gastrointestinal bleeding and epistaxis, 8.6% hematomas and 24.4% hematuria. By comparing these two groups, it can be concluded that incidence of bleeding in the group taking dabigatran was significantly lower than in the group taking warfarin (p = 0.038). Conclusion: In the examined group of patients older than 65, who were taking dabigatran, a significantly lower percentage of bleeding as a complication was noticed, compared to the control group taking VKA.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71004378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of plant polyphenols in the health preservation: Effects on human cardiometabolic function","authors":"M. Gostimirovic, J. Rajkovic, Vladan Đokić, D. Terzić, S. Putnik, L. Gojković-Bukarica","doi":"10.5937/MP72-28194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/MP72-28194","url":null,"abstract":"Regardless of the continuous improvement of diagnostic possibilities and the organizational structure of the healthcare system that contribute to the reduction of the complicated courses of diseases, modern socio-economic and environmental stressors, life habits and increased fluctuation in the psychological functioning of an individual still have a great influence on the overall burden of human diseases. At present, etiological factors and pathogenic mechanisms of numerous diseases are known, thus enabling their continuous and timely pharmacotherapy. However, for progressive diseases or those associated with numeorus complications, pharmacological treatment can lead to the side effects, and preventive measures are highlighted as the main strategy in the management of such diseases, especially in chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). One of the preventive measures is timely and qualitative supplementation of the diet with beneficial micronutrients and oligoelements. Their main sources are represented in plant fibers that synthesize biologically active substances with a polyphenolic ring in their structure, called natural polyphenolic compounds (NPC). Decades of NPC research have brought new insights into the potential modification of existing pharmacotherapy of numeorus diseases. Currently, it is known that many polyphenols have an optimal pharmacological profile with cardioprotection and at the center of their overall effects. Research into the mechanisms of polyphenolic action is exhaustive, their interactions with numerous subcellular structures have been described, and they are refered as promising molecules, with the potential to modify key pathogenetic elements that lead to the progression of various diseases. So far, their numerous effects on endothelium, smooth muscle cells and lipid cells involved in the process of atherogenesis are known, their antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties have been proven, and the synergy with the intestinal microbial populations has recently been known to contribute to their beneficial effects. This paper has the aim to point out the most important mechanisms that NPC use to improve general functionality of the organism by stimulating its defense capacity, prolonging cell life and delaying its overall aging. As the most important cardioprotective nutrients, a special focus is given to their beneficial effects on cardiovascular and metabolic function.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"72 1","pages":"34-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71004667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell models for studying muscle insulin resistance","authors":"K. Pavlovic, M. Lalic","doi":"10.5937/MP72-31381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/MP72-31381","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world today. Insulin resistance - a reduced responsiveness of tissues to insulin - is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes pathology. Skeletal muscle plays a pivotal role in glucose homeostasis - it is responsible for the majority of insulin-mediated glucose disposal and thus is one of the tissues most affected by insulin resistance. To study the molecular mechanisms of a disease, researchers often turn to cell models - they are inexpensive, easy to use, and exist in a controlled environment with few unknown variables. Cell models for exploring muscle insulin resistance are constructed using primary cell cultures or immortalised cell lines and treating them with fatty acids, high insulin or high glucose concentrations. The choice of cell culture, concentration and duration of the treatment and the methods for measuring insulin sensitivity, in order to confirm the model, are rarely discussed. Choosing an appropriate and physiologically relevant model for a particular topic of interest is required in order for the results to be reproducible, relevant, comparable and translatable to more complex biological systems. Cell models enable research that would otherwise be inaccessible but, especially when studying human disease, they do not serve a purpose if they are not in line with the biological reality. This review aims to summarise and critically evaluate the most commonly used cell models of muscle insulin resistance: the rationale for choosing these exact treatments and conditions, the protocols for constructing the models and the measurable outcomes used for confirming insulin resistance in the cells.","PeriodicalId":31558,"journal":{"name":"Medicinski Podmladak","volume":"72 1","pages":"50-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71004699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}