Science Philosophy最新文献

{"title":"A Multi-Criteria Analysis for the Evaluation of Social Housing Proposals: from the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to the Analytic Network Process (ANP)","authors":"B. Ferri","doi":"10.23756/SP.V4I2.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23756/SP.V4I2.288","url":null,"abstract":"Social housing requires appropriate evaluation models of projects, considering them from multiple perspectives: architectural, technical, environmental, economic, financial, paying particular attention to social aspects. The study proposes the use of a multi criteria evaluation model, based on the hierarchical (AHP) and network (ANP) analysis, as support in decision-making to guide practitioners and policy on the choice among alternative interventions. These methods allow to consider the overall effect of projects on urban system and the different points of view of those concerned, in an integrated and participatory approach. Interesting research perspectives concern the application of these evaluation approaches to case studies related to neighborhoods in which urban planning provides for social housing. The analysis will address the recent proposals for social housing in the city of Pescara (Italy), and in particular the urban transformation that is expected to achieve by means of the Integrated Urban Development Programme on the south-west of the city, whose regeneration was started by the Community Programme Urban 2. Un’Analisi Multi Criteri per la Valutazione delle Proposte di Housing Sociale: dall’Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) all’Analytic Network Process (ANP) I modelli insediativi di social housing richiedono idonei strumenti valutativi degli interventi immobiliari, considerandoli da molteplici punti di vista: architettonici, urbanistici, ambientali, economici, finanziari, con particolare attenzione agli aspetti sociali. Lo studio propone l’impiego di un modello valutativo multicriteri basato sull’analisi gerarchica (AHP) e a rete (ANP), come supporto ai processi decisionali riguardanti la scelta tra interventi alternativi di edilizia residenziale sociale, considerando il loro effetto complessivo sul sistema urbano secondo un approccio integrato e partecipativo. Parole Chiave: analisi multicriteri, edilizia residenziale sociale sostenibile, strutturazione del problema decisionale","PeriodicalId":31494,"journal":{"name":"Science Philosophy","volume":"60 1","pages":"67-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84933177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of financial information in quick loans negotiation","authors":"S. C. Rambaud, Ana María Sánchez Pérez","doi":"10.23756/sp.v4i2.297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23756/sp.v4i2.297","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, most loan transactions are contracted by using the exponential discounting as the underlying standard economic model to value this type of financial operations. In a framework of absence of fees to be paid by the borrower, the interest rate of the exponential discount function is, moreover, the true interest rate of the operation. Nevertheless, there exist a set of circumstances which make this identity false. Among others, these characteristics are: the use of linear discount as the underlying discount function, splitting time when using a nominal interest rate, and the existence of fees in a loan at 0% interest rate. All these cases will be analyzed in this paper in the context of the so-called quick loans.","PeriodicalId":31494,"journal":{"name":"Science Philosophy","volume":"53 1","pages":"107-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88534488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Logic of Probability: A Trip through Uncertainty","authors":"M. Squillante, M. Fredella, M. Olivieri, Gaetano Vitale","doi":"10.23756/SP.V4I2.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23756/SP.V4I2.281","url":null,"abstract":"In real life we have to deal with uncertainty, imprecision and vagueness. Many ideas were introduced and studied in detail to manage with these problems. Now we briefly expose the main formal concepts which describe non-ideal situations, i.e. Probability, Statistics and Fuzzy Logic. Probability has recent origins with respect to other branches of mathematics which have deep roots in the past, like geometry or algebra.We may say all this started with Antoine Gombaud, Chevalier de Mere (1607–1684), who asked Blaise Pascal (1623–1662) about gambling with dice. The correspondence between Pierre de Fermat and Blaise Pascal, which began in 1654, initially on these questions, led to the introduction of basic concepts, i.e. probability and expectation. Only in 1657, Christian Huygens in \"De Ratiociniis in ludo aleae\" proposed a first systematic study of the new branch of mathematics. However, the need of an axiomatic construction of the theory of probability arose to analyze more general and complex situations than gambling. A strong formalization was supplied by the monograph \"Foundations of the theory of probability\" (1933) by Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov.Statistics represent the most popular application of probability theory, providing research tools in several areas, including physical and natural sciences, technology, psychology, economics and medicine. Statistics are the bridge that connects experimental data to the mathematical theory behind itself.Fuzzy logic, sometime confused with probability, wants to express and formalize all the sentences which are not true or false at all; the philosophical idea is that \"everything is a matter of degree\" (Zadeh). La logica della probabilita: un viaggio attraverso l’incertezza Nella vita reale ci si trova di fronte a molte situazioni caratterizzate da incertezza, imprecisione, vaghezza. Sono state introdotte diverse modellizzazioni per il trattamento di tali concetti e problemi. Ci proponiamo di esporre sinteticamente alcuni lineamenti fondamentali di Probabilita, Statistica e Fuzzy Logic.La probabilita ha origini recenti rispetto alle altre branche della matematica che hanno profonde radici nel passato, come la geometria o l’algebra.Possiamo dire che un passaggio iniziale importante si e avuto con Antoine Gombaud, Chevalier de Mere (1607-1684), che pose a Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) una questione riguardante il gioco dei dadi. La corrispondenza tra Pierre de Fermat e Blaise Pascal, che ha avuto inizio nel 1654, su questioni simili, ha portato all'introduzione di concetti di base, come probabilita e aspettativa. Successivamente Christian Huygens, in \"De ludo Ratiociniis in aleae\", ha proposto un primo studio sistematico della nuova branca della matematica. Tuttavia, la necessita di una costruzione assiomatica della teoria della probabilita sorse per l’esigenza di analizzare situazioni piu generali e complesse rispetto al gioco d'azzardo. Una forte formalizzazione e stata fornita dalla monografia \"Fondamenti d","PeriodicalId":31494,"journal":{"name":"Science Philosophy","volume":"54 1","pages":"3-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74212955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks connected with railway transport: sociological-psychological point of view","authors":"O. Becherová","doi":"10.23756/SP.V4I2.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23756/SP.V4I2.300","url":null,"abstract":"The article brings a completely unconventional view of the issue of examining causes of the worst railway disasters in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, as well as marginally in the world. The author is trying to find an answer to the question: “If the individual overviews of emergency events are analyzed, do the results relating to the cause of these emergency events differ?”","PeriodicalId":31494,"journal":{"name":"Science Philosophy","volume":"9 1","pages":"117-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90815959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algebraic Hyperstructures and Fuzzy Logic in the Treatment of Uncertainty","authors":"A. Maturo, A. Porreca","doi":"10.23756/SP.V4I1.253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23756/SP.V4I1.253","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents some fundamental aspects of recent theories  on algebraic Hyperstructures, an important tool for an interdisciplinary vision of Geometry and Algebra. We examine some hypergroupoids of events, useful for a new algebraic-geometry perspective in the study and issues of probability applications. This paper considers some fundamental aspects of fuzzy classifications and their applications to problems of evaluation and decision in Architecture and Economics. Finally, we present hypergroups and join space associated with these classifications. Iperstrutture algebriche e logica fuzzy nel trattamento dell’incertezza Si presentano alcuni aspetti fondamentali della relativamente recente teoria delle iperstrutture algebriche, importante strumento per una visione interdisciplinare di Geometria e Algebra. Si esaminano alcuni ipergruppoidi di eventi, utili per un nuovo punto di vista algebrico - geometrico nello studio e nelle applicazioni di alcune questioni di probabilita. Si considerano alcuni aspetti fondamentali delle classificazioni fuzzy e le loro applicazioni a problemi di valutazione e decisione in Architettura e in Economia. Si presentano infine ipergruppi e join space associati a tali classificazioni. Parole Chiave: Iperstrutture algebriche. Logica fuzzy. Applicazioni a Architettura e Economia.","PeriodicalId":31494,"journal":{"name":"Science Philosophy","volume":"119 1","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76873455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probability and Statistics Questions and Tests : a critical analysis","authors":"Fabrizio Maturo","doi":"10.23756/SP.V3I1.262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23756/SP.V3I1.262","url":null,"abstract":"In probability and statistics courses, a popular method for the evaluation of the students is to assess them using multiple choice tests. The use of these tests allows to evaluate certain types of skills such as fast response, short-term memory, mental clarity and ability to compete. In our opinion, the verification through testing can certainly be useful for the analysis of certain aspects, and to speed up the process of assessment, but we should be aware of the limitations of such a standardized procedure and then exclude that the assessments of pupils, classes and schools can be reduced to processing of test results. To prove this thesis, this article argues in detail the main test limits, presents some recent models which have been proposed in the literature and suggests some alternative valuation methods. Quesiti e test di Probabilita e Statistica: un'analisi critica Nei corsi di Probabilita e  Statistica, un metodo molto diffuso per la valutazione degli studenti consiste nel sottoporli a quiz a risposta multipla.  L'uso di questi test permette di valutare alcuni tipi di abilita come la rapidita di risposta, la memoria a breve termine, la lucidita mentale e l'attitudine a gareggiare. A nostro parere, la verifica attraverso i test puo essere sicuramente utile per l'analisi di alcuni aspetti e per velocizzare il percorso di valutazione ma si deve essere consapevoli dei limiti di una tale procedura standardizzata e quindi escludere che le valutazioni di alunni, classi e scuole possano essere ridotte a elaborazioni di risultati di test. A dimostrazione di questa tesi, questo articolo argomenta in dettaglio i limiti principali dei test, presenta alcuni recenti modelli proposti in letteratura e propone alcuni metodi di valutazione alternativi. Parole Chiave:   item responce theory, valutazione, test, probabilita","PeriodicalId":31494,"journal":{"name":"Science Philosophy","volume":"7 1","pages":"31-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87561801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"For a new profession","authors":"F. Blezza","doi":"10.2307/j.ctt1t89326.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1t89326.19","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we outline the cultural and institutional context and the fundamental features of a new profession, the “psychopedagogical operator in the school”, an articulation of the teaching function that can become an autonomous profession with its own epistemological, operating and methodology status. We’re also discussing the role of the University regarding the social and intellectual professions, and we summarize the cultural background designing operating principles of immediate employability. Per una nuova figura professionale In questo saggio si delineano il contesto culturale ed istituzionale e i tratti fondamentali di una nuova professione, quella dell’operatore psicopedagogico della scuola, un’articolazione della funzione docente che puo diventare una professione autonoma con un proprio statuto epistemologico, d’esercizio e di metodologia. Discutendo anche del ruolo dell’Universita riguardo alle professioni sociali ed intellettuali, si sintetizza il retroterra culturale traendone principi operativi di immediata fruibilita. Parole Chiave:  Pedagogia, psicologia, psicopedagogia, scuola. insegnamento","PeriodicalId":31494,"journal":{"name":"Science Philosophy","volume":"13 1","pages":"3-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85561621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}