Medical Express最新文献_第6页

Cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: an overview on efficacy, recent trends and neurobiological findings 精神分裂症的认知行为疗法:疗效、最新趋势和神经生物学发现综述

Medical Express Pub Date : 2016-07-17 DOI: 10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.05.01

Maristela Candida, Carlos Campos, Carlos Campos, Bárbara Monteiro, N. Rocha, F. Paes, A. Nardi, S. Machado

{"title":"Cognitive-behavioral therapy for schizophrenia: an overview on efficacy, recent trends and neurobiological findings","authors":"Maristela Candida, Carlos Campos, Carlos Campos, Bárbara Monteiro, N. Rocha, F. Paes, A. Nardi, S. Machado","doi":"10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.05.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.05.01","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCAO: A terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) tem sido recomendada em diversas guidelines internacionais como a intervencao psicoterapeutica padrao de ouro para pacientes com esquizofrenia. Esta revisao tem como objetivo fornecer uma visao global sobre os avancos recentes da TCC na esquizofrenia. METODOS: Para esta revisao narrativa foi realizada uma busca eletronica na PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science e Cochrane Database utilizando as palavras-chave: \"schizophrenia\", \"psychosis\", \"cognitive-behavioral therapy\", \"CBT\" e \"psychotherapy\". RESULTADOS: Varias revisoes sistematicas suportam a eficacia da TCC na reducao a curto e longo prazo dos sintomas positivos e negativos da esquizofrenia. Na ultima decada, a TCC tem sido aplicada a individuos com alto risco de psicose, sendo tambem exploradas abordagens inovadoras na sua utilizacao (curta duracao, web-based, autogestao). Redes neurais responsaveis por funcoes cognitivas de nivel superior tem sido associadas a respostas positivas apos TCC para esquizofrenia. Existe ainda evidencia preliminar que a TCC promove a ativacao de zonas pre-frontais responsaveis pela modulacao top-down face a ameacas sociais. CONCLUSAO: Na ultima decada, a TCC para esquizofrenia tem explorado novos desfechos, intervindo em populacoes agudas e pre-clinicas e utilizado metodos alternativos para alcancar mais pacientes e reduzir custos O perfil neurocognitivo dos pacientes aparenta ter um papel critico na resposta ao tratamento, pelo que combinar a TCC com reabilitacao cognitiva podera potenciar os seus efeitos terapeuticos. Apesar da TCC ser uma pratica recomendada para a esquizofrenia, estudos futuros usando protocolos inovadores e explorando preditores e desfechos relacionados com o cerebro poderao possibilitar que esta intervencao seja mais eficaz, personalizavel e alcance o maximo numero de pacientes possivel.","PeriodicalId":31471,"journal":{"name":"Medical Express","volume":"25 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71189573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Anthropometric Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in HIV patients HIV患者代谢综合征的人体测量危险因素

Medical Express Pub Date : 2016-06-25 DOI: 10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.04.05

J. A. Leal, M. A. Fausto, M. Carneiro

{"title":"Anthropometric Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome in HIV patients","authors":"J. A. Leal, M. A. Fausto, M. Carneiro","doi":"10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome, which affects the general population in epidemic proportions, is associated with a set of cardiovascular disease risk factors. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to determine the prevalence and investigate the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in outpatients living with HIV/AIDS using anthropometric and clinical evaluations. METHOD: The study was carried out on 253 HIV infected outpatients. Metabolic syndrome was classified according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATPIII) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the metabolic syndrome. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varied from 19.4% to 26.4%, according to the criterion used. The factors associated with it in the two classifications used, when adjusted by sex and BMI, were age (≥ 40years) and subscapular skinfold (> 12 mm). In the final model, using the NCEP/ATPIII criterion the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome were age ≥ 40 years (OR = 3.18; CI95% = 1.42; 7.14) and subscapular skinfold > 12 mm (OR = 2.85, CI95% = 1.13; 7.17). In the final model, using the IDF criterion the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome were age (OR = 3.38, CI95% = 1.61; 7.10) and subscapular skinfold > 12 mm (OR = 4.37, CI95% = 1.84; 10.39). CONCLUSION: In clinical practice, the regular monitoring of subscapular skinfold can help in the identification of HIV infected individuals in risk of MS.","PeriodicalId":31471,"journal":{"name":"Medical Express","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71189559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Effects of dual-task interventions on gait performance of patients with Parkinson's Disease: A systematic review 双任务干预对帕金森病患者步态表现的影响:一项系统综述

Medical Express Pub Date : 2016-06-22 DOI: 10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.04.01

Luís A. A. Santos, Carlos Campos, Teresa Bento, E. Lattari, A. Nardi, N. Rocha, S. Machado

{"title":"Effects of dual-task interventions on gait performance of patients with Parkinson's Disease: A systematic review","authors":"Luís A. A. Santos, Carlos Campos, Teresa Bento, E. Lattari, A. Nardi, N. Rocha, S. Machado","doi":"10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.04.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.04.01","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Parkinson's disease is characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms that impair patients' gait performance, especially while performing dual/concurrent tasks. These deficits impair patients' daily function, because dual-tasking is a crucial ability in terms of everyday living. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of dual task interventions on gait performance of patients with Parkinson's disease. METHOD: Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS and SciELO. We used the PICOS strategy to determine eligibility criteria. The search strategy included an advanced search on the included databases, using the following search query: \"Parkinson's Disease\" AND \"Double Task\" OR \"Concurrent Tasks\" OR \"Gait\" AND \"Walk\". Study selection was carried out by two independent researchers and a third one was called when consensus was needed. RESULTS: A total of 188 articles were identified: 169 articles from Medline/PubMed, 10 articles in SciELO, 8 articles in LILACS and 1 item from manual searches. A total of 56 articles were analyzed regarding the eligibility and exclusion criteria based on full text. A final total of 7 studies were included in the systematic review. CONCLUSION: The different types of dual-task interventions reported (dance, sound stimuli, visual and somatosensory) were associated to improvements in several gait performance indicators of Parkinson's disease patients, including gait speed, stride time and length, cadence and step length. External stimuli seem to play a critical role on specific training effects on dual-task gait performance.","PeriodicalId":31471,"journal":{"name":"Medical Express","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.04.01","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71189454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Establishing a quality management system in a fertility center: experience with ISO 9001 在生育中心建立质量管理体系:ISO 9001的经验

Medical Express Pub Date : 2016-05-09 DOI: 10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.02

Fabiola C. Bento, S. Esteves

{"title":"Establishing a quality management system in a fertility center: experience with ISO 9001","authors":"Fabiola C. Bento, S. Esteves","doi":"10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"In Fertility Centers, quality should be measured by how well the organization complies with pre-defined requirements, and by how quality policies are implemented and quality objectives achieved. Having a quality management system (QMS) is a mandatory requirement for IVF centers established in most countries with regulatory guidelines, including Brazil. Nevertheless, none of the regulatory directives specify what a QMS must have in detail or how it should be implemented and/or maintained. ISO 9001 is the most important and widespread international requirement for quality management. ISO 9001 standards are generic and applicable to all organizations in any economic sector, including IVF centers. In this review, we discuss how we implemented QMS according to ISO 9001 and what we achieved 5 years later. In brief, with ISO we defined our structure, policies, procedures, processes and resources needed to implement quality management. In addition, we determined the quality orientation of our center and the quality objectives and indicators used to guarantee that a high-quality service is provided. Once measuring progress became part of our daily routine, quantifying and evaluating the organization's success and how much improvement has been achieved was an inevitable result of our well-established QMS. Several lessons were learned throughout our quality journey, but foremost among them was the creation of an internal environment with unity of purpose and direction; this has in fact been the key to achieving the organization's goals.","PeriodicalId":31471,"journal":{"name":"Medical Express","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.02","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71189766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Depression, stress and guilt are linked to the risk of suicide associated to ectopic pregnancy 抑郁、压力和内疚与异位妊娠相关的自杀风险有关

Medical Express Pub Date : 2016-04-22 DOI: 10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.07

G. Benute, Debora Cristina Nozzella Bordini, T. Juhas, F. R. Cabar, P. P. Pereira, M. C. S. Lúcia, R. Francisco

引用次数: 2

Aerobic exercise reduces anxiety symptoms and improves fitness in patients with panic disorder 有氧运动可以减轻恐慌症患者的焦虑症状，提高健康水平

Medical Express Pub Date : 2016-04-05 DOI: 10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.06

M. Lamego, E. Lattari, A. S. Filho, F. Paes, Jarbas Mascarenhas, G. M. Neto, A. Oliveira, Carlos Campos, N. Rocha, A. Nardi, S. Machado

{"title":"Aerobic exercise reduces anxiety symptoms and improves fitness in patients with panic disorder","authors":"M. Lamego, E. Lattari, A. S. Filho, F. Paes, Jarbas Mascarenhas, G. M. Neto, A. Oliveira, Carlos Campos, N. Rocha, A. Nardi, S. Machado","doi":"10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a regularly repeated aerobic exercise series on anxiety and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) in Panic Disorder patients. METHODS: Ten previously sedentary female subjects diagnosed with Panic Disorder performed 36 sessions of aerobic exercise (at 70 to 75% of VO2max), 3 times per week during 12 weeks. A cardiopulmonary evaluation (ergospirometry test) was used to set the intensity of training as well as to establish baseline and post-training VO2max parameters. The assessment of anxiety symptoms was performed at baseline, at the end of the 6th and 12th weeks, using the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) and State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S), and the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) questionnaires. One-way ANOVA for repeated measurements (at 3 moments: Baseline, 6th week (mid-training) and 12th week (post-training) was used to compare the evolution of the questionnaires; the Bonferroni post hoc test was applied to identify differences between moments. A dependent t-test was performed for measures of VO2max. RESULTS: Compared to baseline, (a) STAI-T showed significant anxiety reductions at mid- and post-training moments; (b) STAI-S and SUDS recorded anxiety reductions only at Post-training; (c) VO2max showed a significant improvement at Post-training. CONCLUSION: This protocol promoted beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and anxiety levels of Panic Disorder patients.","PeriodicalId":31471,"journal":{"name":"Medical Express","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71189820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Correlation between Hounsfield Unit Value and Stone Composition in Nephrolithiasis 肾结石患者Hounsfield单位值与结石组成的相关性研究

Medical Express Pub Date : 2016-03-28 DOI: 10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.03

T. R. Silva, M. Lima

{"title":"Correlation between Hounsfield Unit Value and Stone Composition in Nephrolithiasis","authors":"T. R. Silva, M. Lima","doi":"10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.03","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the Hounsfield Unit value predicts calcium oxalate monohydrate stones in patients who are undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy. METHOD: 119 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy were prospectively evaluated between February 2012 and August 2014. Using thin cuts, the highest single-energy computed tomography attenuation value within a pixel was measured for each stone. Data regarding age and gender were assessed before surgery. The extracted stones were analyzed using infrared spectrophotometry. RESULTS: By receiver operating characteristics analysis, a cutoff value of 1548 Hounsfield Unit and an age of 42.5 years were used to determine the likelihood of a stone being composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate. A higher Hounsfield Unit value and increased age augmented the chances of a stone being composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate. In general, females had a greater likelihood of harboring calcium oxalate monohydrate stones than males. CONCLUSION: The maximum Hounsfield Unit value, as determined by unenhanced single-energy computed tomography in association with gender, predicts the presence of calcium oxalate monohydrate stones in patients who are undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy.","PeriodicalId":31471,"journal":{"name":"Medical Express","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71189773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Ibuprofen and indomethacin for the closure of the patent ductus arteriosus 布洛芬和吲哚美辛用于动脉导管未闭闭合

Medical Express Pub Date : 2016-03-07 DOI: 10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.01

G. Pacifici

{"title":"Ibuprofen and indomethacin for the closure of the patent ductus arteriosus","authors":"G. Pacifici","doi":"10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery with the aorta and allows right ventricular blood to bypass the unexpanded lungs. In mature infants, the ductus arteriosus closes after birth. Patent ductus arteriosus occurs in 70% of preterm infants with a birth weight < 1,000 grams. Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close has been associated with intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, periventricular leukomalacia, renal failure, and persistent pulmonary hypertension. The drugs used to treat the patent ductus arteriosus are ibuprofen and indomethacin which are potent non-selective inhibitors of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) and therefore inhibit prostaglandin E2 synthesis. Prostaglandin E2 relaxes smooth muscle and tends to inhibit the closure of the patent ductus arteriosus. Intravenous ibuprofen and indomethacin inhibit prostaglandin E2 synthesis and thereby close the patent ductus arteriosus with similar efficacy. Indomethacin reduces the blood flow velocity in kidneys, intestine and brain. Ibuprofen has less effect on blood flow velocity in these organs. There is a significant increase in serum creatinine after indomethacin administration but not after ibuprofen and infants treated with ibuprofen have higher creatinine clearance. Oliguria (urine output < 1 ml/kg/h) occurs more frequently with indomethacin than with ibuprofen. Indomethacin requires furosemide for urine output more often than ibuprofen. Ibuprofen reduces the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and transient renal insufficiency and it is the drug of choice for closing the patent ductus arteriosus. Ibuprofen and indomethacin may be administered orally. In conclusion, intravenous ibuprofen and indomethacin close the patent ductus arteriosus at the same rate, but indomethacin is more toxic than ibuprofen.","PeriodicalId":31471,"journal":{"name":"Medical Express","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71189754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Acute cardiovascular responses to strength exercise for biceps and quadriceps muscles in middle-aged women 中年妇女肱二头肌和股四头肌力量锻炼的急性心血管反应

Medical Express Pub Date : 2016-02-17 DOI: 10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.02.06

R. Pedreiro, R. F. Santos, S. Machado, G. M. Neto

{"title":"Acute cardiovascular responses to strength exercise for biceps and quadriceps muscles in middle-aged women","authors":"R. Pedreiro, R. F. Santos, S. Machado, G. M. Neto","doi":"10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.02.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.02.06","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: Strength Training is increasingly popular and is studied for its efficacy in increasing muscular power and endurance. It has been claimed that cardiovascular responses are related to the muscle mass involved during execution, but some studies do not confirm these findings. We analyzed the behavior of heart rate, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and double product in middle-aged women while performing exercises for two muscle groups with different volumes: elbow flexors (small mass) and knee extensors (large mass). METHOD: The study sample comprised eight women physically active for at least 6 months. The experimental procedure was performed in 3 sessions. In the first session, the characterization of the sample and a 10 repetition maximum (10RM) test were conducted. In the second, participants performed a warm up and then (depending on randomization), either the elbow flexion or the knee extension exercises in 3 series of 10 repeats. In the third session, participants performed the alternate exercise, folllowing the same procedures. Systolic and diastolic pressures and heart rate were measured 5 minutes before warm up and at the end of each series. RESULTS: No difference was observed in the acute cardiovascular responses for exercises involving the two different muscle mass volumes in normotensive women above age 45 years. CONCLUSION: The cardiovascular response is not affected by the exercised muscular mass in this specific population. Further studies should examine these variables in different conditions such as weather, climate and other populations.","PeriodicalId":31471,"journal":{"name":"Medical Express","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71189881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship of comorbidities and heart failure mortality in the city of São Paulo, Brazil 巴西圣保罗市合并症与心力衰竭死亡率的关系

Medical Express Pub Date : 2016-02-16 DOI: 10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.02.05

M. Koike, V. Silva, Flávia Alves Ribeiro Monclús Romanek, Mirian Matsura Shirassu

{"title":"Relationship of comorbidities and heart failure mortality in the city of São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"M. Koike, V. Silva, Flávia Alves Ribeiro Monclús Romanek, Mirian Matsura Shirassu","doi":"10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.02.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5935/MEDICALEXPRESS.2016.02.05","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The epidemiology of heart failure mortality in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil has not been studied. The present study aims to characterize comorbities associated to cardiac heart failure deaths in Sao Paulo between 2000 and 2012. METHOD: The mortality information system (SIM/DataSUS) was evaluated and the following parameters were retrieved: age, sex, race, level of education and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Socioeconomic status was estimated by years of schooling, as: lower (0-3 years) and higher (> 3 years). We analyzed 14,814 death certificates. RESULTS: There was a prevalence of subjects in the subgroup: female, white, married or divorced, aged 78 years and lower socioeconomic status. Hypertension and diabetes were the most frequent comorbidities. There were associations of (a) diabetes with age, (b) age, gender and educational level with hypertension in individuals belonging to both the lower and higher socioeconomic levels. CONCLUSION: Individuals who died of congestive heart failure in Sao Paulo are mostly elderly, women, caucasian, with little education. Hypertension and diabetes are the two most common chronic diseases associated with death bycongestive heart failure.","PeriodicalId":31471,"journal":{"name":"Medical Express","volume":"164 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71189715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3