2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)最新文献

{"title":"QAnon, conspiracy theories and social media warfare: An ethical and anticipatory ethical analysis","authors":"Richard Wilson, Michael Shifflett","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629154","url":null,"abstract":"In today’s social media dominated world the effort to undermine democracy comes in an increasingly wide variety of forms. One example is the use of social media by contemporary leaders and groups where they engage in waging information warfare within their own nations upon their own citizens. This paper will examine how this has occurred with the group QANON. One of QANON’s central conspiracy theories maintains that a cabal of Satan-worshiping pedophiles is not only in control of running the world’s governments, but this cabal is also running a global child sex-trafficking ring. This cabal is also involved in plotting against US President Donald Trump, who is in turn engaged in combatting the cabal. Another QANON theory also claims that Trump is planning a day of reckoning against the cabal and its followers known as “The Storm.” This refers to an event when thousands of members of the supposed cabal will be arrested. There are currently no indications that any part of the theory is based on fact. The conspiracy theory began with an October 2017 online post by a supposed individual known as ‘Q’, who at the time was presumed to be a single American citizen. It is now also assumed and more likely that Q is actually a group of people. Q as an individual claimed to be a high-ranking government official with Q level clearance in the U.S. government with access to classified information related to the Trump administration. Perhaps more significantly Q also claimed to have classified information about the opponents of Trump in the United States. NBC News was the first member of the media to report that three distinct people took the original Q post and distributed it across multiple media and social media platforms in an effort to build an internet following. We take the activities related to Q to be a method of Hybrid Warfare, which here is defined in the context of social media. Hybrid warfare which is now often practiced in all forms of media but particularly within social media, does not have a universally recognized definition. In this analysis the phrase is employed to describe how any individual or group such as QANON can employ non-military tactics in social media in the effort to undermine and destabilize a government. We argue that disinformation and propaganda dissemination, are not new techniques, but that they have been adapted to current technologies and social media. It is assumed in this analysis that every conspiracy theory, when a conspiracy is identified, presents a moral issue. When a conspiracy theory is presented as an explanation for an action or as the cause of an event this serves the function of making an accusation. The accusation that lies at the center of the conspiracy is an attack upon the truthfulness of what is claimed to be true by the party that the conspiracy theorist is attacking. This analysis has as its goal an identification of the ethical issues with conspiracy theories used by political leaders and groups such a","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133600137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technology usage, eHealth literacy and attitude towards connected health in caregivers of paediatric cancer","authors":"Emma Delemere, R. Maguire","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629210","url":null,"abstract":"While Connected Health (CH) presents an attractive solution to supporting those with paediatric cancer within a burdened healthcare system, uptake has been limited in practice. This study explored the extent to which attitudes towards CH and the ability to identify evidence-based CH interventions could be predicted by technology usage and eHealth literacy for parents of children with cancer and their Health Care Providers (HCPs). A survey of 85 parents and HCPs was conducted consisting of measures of eHealth literacy, attitude towards online sources, electronic device/internet usage and evaluations of existing CH technologies. While respondents frequently interacted with online supports, CH use was limited (30.8%). Multiple regression and t-test analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between technology usage and eHealth literacy on CH use, attitude and perceived quality. Positive attitudes towards CH and strong eHealth literacy skills were found, however, those who had not used CH had significantly lower eHealth literacy than those who had (t(74)=2.08, p=.04 (two-tailed). Further, eHealth Literacy and device use significantly impacted attitude (F(3,75)=12.01, p<.001) and trust in higher quality CH applications (F (2,58)=3.87, p=.03). This suggests that eHealth literacy and device access play a crucial role in facilitating CH use for stakeholders in paediatric cancer. Consideration of how best to support those with differing eHealth literacy when developing CH technologies is needed to support effective employment in practice.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127061774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining a classification system for augmentation technology in socio-technical terms","authors":"Isabel Pedersen, A. Duin","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629174","url":null,"abstract":"This short paper provides a means to classify augmentation technologies to reconceptualize them as sociotechnical, discursive and rhetorical phenomena, rather than only through technological classifications. It identifies a set of value systems that constitute augmentation technologies within discourses, namely, the intent to enhance, automate, and build efficiency. This short paper makes a contribution to digital literacy surrounding augmentation technology emergence, as well as the more specific area of AI literacy, which can help identify unintended consequences implied at the design stages of these technologies.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126043470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring high-performance wooden drone structures through speculative design","authors":"Dylan Cawthorne, N. Iversen","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629128","url":null,"abstract":"Although we aspire to make decisions based on logic and systematic analysis, it has been argued that engineers’ technical decisions can be influenced by their ideologies about progress and the future - including the material selection process. In this work, we address this potential influence through a holistic and exploratory speculative design process, asking ”what are some implications of the use of wood in high-performance drone structures, and what will a high-performance wooden drone structure look like?” A wooden prototype search and rescue drone, developed for use in Denmark, is built, tested and analyzed through quantitative and qualitative means as part of the exploration process. We find that wood offers unique features including lower toxicity during manufacturing and increased environmental sustainability. In addition, when properly designed a wooden drone structure has a significantly higher stiffness to weight ratio ($8.8 ast10^{6}$) compared to a typical non-optimized carbon fiber and epoxy composite plate ($7.6 ast10^{4}$) or tube ($1.1 ast10^{6}$). Historical examples are utilized which suggest that actual material performance may be less important than the ideologies of progress surrounding the material, and hence that engineers may not always make decisions based purely on performance. Thus, here speculative design is used not only as a way to explore the material ”path less traveled”, but also as an approach to examine the legitimacy of wood as a structural drone material - and more broadly, to discuss the role ideologies play in modern engineering practice.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130703160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposal to combat unconscious bias using VR","authors":"Jia Hui Seow, E. Ramirez, Jocelyn Tan, C. Thomas, Brett Ashton","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629148","url":null,"abstract":"As society becomes increasingly aware of the significance of systemic issues, unconscious bias has been identified as a barrier towards making spaces more diverse, inclusive, and accepting. Combating unconscious bias is an important goal both within the workplace, technology industry, and in the culture more broadly. In universities and other institutions, there have been numerous attempts to address unconscious bias through psychological assessments like the implicit-association test, and traditional methods, such as seminars and state-mandated online training. Such methods tend to be based on the assumption that simply becoming aware of the idea of bias is enough to reduce or eliminate an individual’s level of bias. In this white paper, we evaluate the issues associated with traditional unconscious bias training, and argue that these methods are unlikely to be useful tools for promoting empathy and combating bias in the workplace. In its place, we provide guidelines for using VR more effectively as a bias mitigation tool, and propose Sisu VR’s Empower Now Program as a potential solution.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133935644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Record of Committee Members & Organizers","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629213","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133687330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building a makerspace in a youth center and imagining futures","authors":"Ann-Louise Davidson, Nathalie Duponsel","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629131","url":null,"abstract":"The maker movement has gained popularity in many countries over the last decade. This movement is often associated with DIY sub-cultures who benefit from sharing knowledge, creating from recycled items and cheap electronics, prototyping new ideas for social innovation or for entrepreneurship, or as a means of developing much needed skills as we enter the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Many education institutions are building makerspaces because they have the potential to empower youth and help them build identities to prepare them for STEM careers. In marginalized neighborhoods, the challenge is to interest youth in such activities, engage them in projects without making it look like an impossible task or another high-stake school assignment. We undertook the challenge of building a makerspace in a youth center in the Côte-des-Neiges neighborhood, in Montreal. We co-built the space and co-created the programming as we helped the staff and youth develop skills to increase their creative confidence. This paper contributes a process for collaborative action-research grounded in the “realities” of the neighborhood and offers some reflections on the first five months of an ongoing partnership project.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"214 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115508937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building science identity in first-year engineering students","authors":"Rania Al-Hammoud, Andrea Jonahs","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629215","url":null,"abstract":"This project offers a timely contribution to the “leaky pipeline,” a metaphor that captures the paucity of women and racialized people in STEM fields. Current scholarship reveals a multifaceted picture of why these groups continue to be underrepresented in STEM, yet there remains scant research on what specifically instructors can do in the classroom to remedy the issue. Addressing this gap, this project focuses on building “science identity” [1] in two concurrent first-year engineering courses: a mechanical engineering course and a communication course. Science identity helps us understand how resiliency in STEM correlates with one’s sense of being a “science person” and belonging to their field, affective domains which are especially critical for underrepresented students [1] [2]. Responsible stewardship in engineering not only requires engineers at the table who are diverse, but also that those engineers feel confident and supported as they work towards solving society’s most complex and pressing problems. Our presentation will outline the current project and describe specific interventions that focus on mentorship and the social impacts of engineering, which are designed to build science identity.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122421569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[ISTAS 2022 Announcement]","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"293 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123434709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entrepreneurship with a design for social justice mindset: A case for Hello Tractor","authors":"Juan Sebastian Rubiano Chona","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629132","url":null,"abstract":"E-mechanization focused start-up Hello Tractor serves as a case study to contrast two different technological design strategies such as Human Centered Design for Communities (HCD for Communities) and Design for Social Justice. Both HCD for Communities and Design for Social Justice are explained and seven key criteria of a Design for Social Justice strategy are presented and discussed with information from Hello Tractor. This serves as an example of a start-up that at first glance can seem to be a social justice focused project but instead is more aligned with a HCD for Communities strategy. Even though Hello Tractor is a successful start-up and has impacted more than 500,000 smallholder farmers in Africa with its technology, pivoting from a HCD for Communities strategy to a Design for Social Justice strategy may be beneficial for its future and this discussion may serve as inspiration for aspiring Agri-FoodTech entrepreneurs that want to develop Disruptive Agricultural Technologies (DATs) for the benefit of society and with social justice in mind.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128728792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}