2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)最新文献

{"title":"Anticipatory engineering ethics","authors":"Richard Wilson","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629135","url":null,"abstract":"When teaching applied ethics, instructing students through the use of cases is an important avenue that can be employed to introduce students to ethical issues concerning the specific fields under study. The use of cases can also introduce students to the history of the technical and ethical issues in the field being studied and can help develop in students a sensitivity to social and ethical issues related to the cases selected for discussion. Students are often required to take applied ethics courses for 3 reasons as a part of program accreditation and as preparation for the time when students will enter the professional world and for when they may have to deal with ethical issues arising in that world. The study of real world cases is an important venue for accomplishing all of these tasks.When teaching applied ethics, instructing students through the use of cases is an important avenue that can be employed to introduce students to ethical issues concerning the specific fields under study. The use of cases can also introduce students to the history of the technical and ethical issues in the field being studied and can help develop in students a sensitivity to social and ethical issues related to the cases selected for discussion. Students are often required to take applied ethics courses for 3 reasons as a part of program accreditation and as preparation for the time when students will enter the professional world and for when they may have to deal with ethical issues arising in that world. The study of real world cases is an important venue for accomplishing all of these tasks.The method introduced here focuses on Engineering cases but combines Engineering and Information Computer Technology (ICT) Ethics. and is committed to remaining true to the technical principles of engineering practice and ICT while simultaneously introducing students to the importance of ethics. ICTE is included in the analysis because much of the work done in medicine depends upon computers and information computer technology and this technology plays an important mediational role between Engineering professionals and the development of Engineering products. A method that is committed to the researching of engineering ethics issues through the study of real world cases, allows students to perform research on technical issues in conjunction with introducing students to the importance of ethics. Introducing technical distinctions from the engineering field, ICT, and ethics can be accomplished when the study of ethics is supplemented with the introduction of social and historical issues through the extensive use of layers of cases. Layers of cases can be introduced by beginning with the study of individual cases. The study of individual cases including historical cases can be followed by the study of current cases. This presents a foundation for a comparison of cases. The comparison of historical and present cases can then serve as the foundation for comparing historical ","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129710682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quietly coping: The impact of online abuse on research innovation and knowledge workers in research and public education","authors":"Jaigris Hodson, Victoria O’Meara, A. Galizia, Chandell Gosse","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629206","url":null,"abstract":"Social media platforms have been widely embraced in the research and public education fields for the opportunities that they afford for information and knowledge mobilization, public engagement, collaboration, and innovation. However, alongside these affordances, online abuse has emerged as one of the detrimental consequences of social media technology. For knowledge workers in research and public education, online abuse is an increasingly common workplace hazard that they must navigate. In this short paper we detail the preliminary results of a systematic and thorough review of the academic and grey literature concerning online abuse across a wide variety of disciplines to understand how the integration of social media technologies have created new risks and responsibilities for knowledge workers. Our preliminary findings indicate that knowledge workers deploy a host of private, daily mitigation strategies to cope with the online abuse they experience while conducting their work and to mitigate its potential damage. We call this phenomenon “quietly coping”. These findings also suggest that the individualized coping mechanisms that workers adopt may be symptomatic of a broader culture of institutional indifference, where reports of online abuse have been met with derision and sometimes punishment. Quietly coping underscores that the burden of online abuse is being shouldered by individuals, raising important questions about responsibility, accountability, and stewardship in technological innovation. Implications and future work are discussed.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123305714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A framework for asset management planning in sustainable and resilient cities","authors":"R. Dziedzic, L. Amador, C. An, Zhi Chen, U. Eicker, A. Hammad, F. Nasiri, M. Nik-Bakht, M. Ouf, O. Moselhi","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629158","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a set of strategies for facilitating sustainable and resilient asset management planning of civil infrastructure. Recent advances in research and technological development applicable to each step of the asset management process are reviewed. The focus is primarily on municipal assets including water, wastewater and drainage systems, road networks and buildings. Based on the innovative and holistic practices identified, a set of ideal asset management practices is proposed. These include considering natural assets, safety and human factors, environmental and social costs as well as using big data and IoT to better model and optimize asset performance. Given the gap between research, practice, and ideal approaches, a set of strategies is proposed. These are intended to guide future research, guidelines and policy developments. They highlight the application of new technologies and big data in better managing municipal infrastructure and accounting for environmental and social impacts.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126543912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can the Hawkes process be used to evaluate the spread of online information?","authors":"Pierre Watine, Arezo Bodaghi, K. Schmitt","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629133","url":null,"abstract":"Social media allows people to easily express themselves and spread information online. This is a boon to self-expression and communication but has allowed for misinformation to flourish as well. It may be difficult to differentiate facts from misleading opinions. Automatic fact-checking has the potential to reduce the spread of misinformation while browsing. Multiple potential approaches to implementing fact-checking software have been explored. One approach is to detect the information’s origin and evaluate if it is a valid primary source. Most existing methods to model the spread of information online require extensive computational resources and time to train a deep-learning algorithm, as well as a high-level representation of the propagation of the content. In addition, these methods are mainly used to classify and verify the information itself rather than the information’s provenance. The Hawkes process makes it possible to evaluate and model information spread tendencies and map out the source of the information by comparing the intensity of shared posts over time. 1000 posts of 3 blog pages on Reddit were scraped from the Internet to test if the modified Hawkes process can detect which page is influenced by which. The Hawkes process was able to distinguish the influenced, the influencer and the control blog page. Therefore, the Hawkes process may be used to identify the primary sources of information. Future research may need to compare the accuracy and precision of this process compared to other methods.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126838545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring gaps in California Proposition 54 (2016)","authors":"S. Nathani, Ryan Jenkins, Foaad Khosmood, Christine Robertson","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629181","url":null,"abstract":"California Proposition 54, 2016 (Prop 54) attempted to address gaps in government transparency at the state level by requiring legislative proceedings to be published on the internet, but failed to consider the traditional barriers that limit citizen participation in policy. This study aims to understand where Prop 54 falls short in regards to improving government transparency, evaluating the traditional barriers that prevent citizens from participating in government, identifying the improvements that should be made to increase the impact of Prop 54, and proposing ways artificial intelligence can help with these improvements. Prop 54 makes an overwhelming amount of information to be made available online, an amount that is not searchable by people. The data includes thousands of recordings of legislative sessions which are over an hour on average, but lack transcripts, summaries, or even a descriptive title. In addition, a barrier which prevents everyday people from participating in policy that remains is that most citizens lack the ability to comprehend sophisticated legal terminology presented in the released data. The research method used in this paper is a literature review, and this paper proposes addressing these challenges by implementing artificial intelligence-based solutions with natural language processing and computer vision. These tools can be used to create high-quality, searchable transcripts and generate simplified summaries of legislative proceedings, addressing both of the previously mentioned problems.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125835666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing a visualization dashboard to improve educational standards in Arizona legislative districts","authors":"Justin Colyar Barrett, Katina Michael, Ross Maciejewski, L. Tate","doi":"10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/istas52410.2021.9629195","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of K-12 public education is a perennial issue in Arizona that has heightened in salience over the past several years, with broad public concerns over insufficient funding sparking the Red for Ed movement for higher teacher pay. However, despite the push for educational change, there remain many barriers to K-12 public school education funding, including a lack of visibility for how Arizona public schools are performing at a legislative district level. Such information is released at a school district level by organizations like the Arizona Department of Education, but much of the information is limited and can be difficult for legislators to parse, particularly when school districts lie on the boundary between two legislative districts. Moreover, school outcome data is often limited to raw spreadsheets for the public and may be fragmented between government websites and educational organizations depending on the metric. Ultimately, this hinders the public’s understanding of the current educational standing. As such, a visualization dashboard that clearly identifies schools and their relative performance within each legislative district would be an invaluable tool for legislative bodies and the Arizona public. It is proposed that a dashboard for Arizona at the district level would increase transparency and availability of public information about these districts, allowing legislators to utilize the dashboard as a tool for greater understanding and more effective policymaking. While there are many positive social implications to be afforded by educational dashboards, this article also points to potential risks of this new visibility without end-user training.","PeriodicalId":314239,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114920336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}