The Behavioral Development Bulletin最新文献_第8页

The small effects of non-hierarchical complexity variables on performance. 非层次复杂性变量对性能的小影响。

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1037/H0101079

M. Commons, Sagun Giri, W. Harrigan

{"title":"The small effects of non-hierarchical complexity variables on performance.","authors":"M. Commons, Sagun Giri, W. Harrigan","doi":"10.1037/H0101079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101079","url":null,"abstract":"Even when the results show that most of the difficulty in solving problems is explained by the hierarchical complexity of the item, there are still variables that help in small ways in predicting how well items measure difficulty. One must understand what these variables are and take them into consideration when analyzing data from instruments designed to measure the impact of the order of hierarchical complexity of items. This study was designed to test the effect of small variables on task performance. The variables tested were hierarchical complexity, place in order, the number of calculations needs, the size of the numbers, and the causal variable position. Participants were asked to solve problems from task sequences from the logic/mathematics/physical science subdomains. The four instruments used were the algebra, balance beam, infinity and laundry instruments. These instruments were based on the model of hierarchical complexity (MHC). Participants were asked to first complete the laundry task sequence and move to the next task sequence. Items from each instrument were analyzed individually and as a group. A Rasch analysis was performed on all the items from all the instruments. The variables thought to have an effect were coded. The coded variables were then analyzed using stepwise regression. A stepwise regression was used and the small variables were tested with and without hierarchical complexity as a factor. The variables were regressed against the stage score of the items. For all four instruments stepwise regression with hierarchical complexity as one of the variable accounted for about 95% of the variance and the β was greater than 0.9. Stepwise regression with all the other variables except hierarchical complexity accounted for relatively lower variance and β. The results showed that order of hierarchical complexity has a very strong predictive role and accounts for most of the variance. The other variables only made very small contributions.","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"396 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122793070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Deconstruction toward reconstruction: A constructive-developmental consideration of deconstructive necessities in transitions. 走向重建的解构:对转型中解构必要性的建构-发展思考。

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1037/H0101083

Samuel B. Albertson

{"title":"Deconstruction toward reconstruction: A constructive-developmental consideration of deconstructive necessities in transitions.","authors":"Samuel B. Albertson","doi":"10.1037/H0101083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101083","url":null,"abstract":"The intention of this viewpoint paper is to explore the terrain of developmental transitions, more specifically the necessity of the process of questioning or, deconstructing one’s whole frame of knowing before a new frame of knowing can emerge a “reconstruction”. Leaning on constructive-developmental theory, this paper seeks to define the deconstructive pattern that emerges and reemerges during developmental or “stage” transition, and shows how it is necessary to incorporate this deconstructed “stage” into a more complex system of knowing or “stage”. The second portion of the paper then outlines a current example of how an epistemology can have roots in logical coherency, then become disruptive or deconstructive, then re-constructive, in the postmodern theory of social science methods commonly referred to as Critical Discursive Psychology (CDP). This theory is argued to be emerging as fifth order as defined by Robert Kegan (2010) in that it is reconstructive and not just deconstructive or, antimodernist as seen in not denying, but utilizing process, the disunified self, subjectivity, and theory reproduction, as it is made clear in the argumentation of the second portion of the paper. The paper concludes in a clear affirmation of the process of differentiation and reintegration as integral for stage transition and growth not just in individual human development, but also in the social sciences.","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128445864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The desires that were denied: (Re-) construction of sexual identity in middle adulthood. 被拒绝的欲望:(重新)在成年中期性别身份的建构。

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1037/H0101088

Thomas B. Swan, Suzie Benack

引用次数: 1

Culture-related factors affect sunk cost bias. 文化相关因素影响沉没成本偏见。

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1037/H0101086

C. Yoder, Rubén Mancha, Nupur Agrawal

{"title":"Culture-related factors affect sunk cost bias.","authors":"C. Yoder, Rubén Mancha, Nupur Agrawal","doi":"10.1037/H0101086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101086","url":null,"abstract":"A B ST R A C T Reasoning and decision-making are fraught with systematic errors in thinking. One key example is sunk cost, a past investment that cannot be recovered, that influences ongoing decisions. A sunk cost bias occurs when previous choices affect present decisions. Sunk cost decision-making has been primarily studied in Western, individualistic cultures although some attention has been focused on comparing its prevalence in collectivist cultures such as Japan and China. We evaluated the influence of individualist and collectivist cultures, perceived control and the role of self. In Study 1 Americans and Indians were primed with cultural values and then presented with sunk cost decision scenarios. Results indicated Americans made more sunk cost decision errors than Indians and personal decisions were associated with more bias than decisions made on behalf of others. Cultural differences on sunk cost bias were consistent with self-justification theory. In Study 2 a new set of sunk cost scenarios varied environmental use and sustainability themes. Results indicated particular situations influenced error, although country of origin and perceived behavioral control were also effective at predicting sunk cost bias. keywords: decision-making, cognitive bias, sunk cost, self-view, India, United States, environment","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114430961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

The validity of the Cattel-Horn-Carroll model on the intraindividual approach 卡特尔-霍恩-卡罗尔模型在个体内部方法上的有效性

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1037/H0101078

C. Gomes, Jhonys de Arújo, Michele Gomes Ferreira, Hudson F Golino

引用次数: 14

The stage of development of a species predicts the number of neurons 一个物种的发育阶段预示着神经元的数量

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.1037/H0101077

W. Harrigan, M. Commons

{"title":"The stage of development of a species predicts the number of neurons","authors":"W. Harrigan, M. Commons","doi":"10.1037/H0101077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101077","url":null,"abstract":"Does the complexity of an organism’s behavior predict the number of neurons in an organism’s brain? In the model of hierarchical complexity, the behavioral stage of any organism can be assessed. These behaviors fall into discrete stages. The behavioral stage of development of an organism is defined by the highest order task that an organism has been observed performing. In this study, literature was reviewed to find animals where a neuron count had been taken, and to find behavioral studies to score for stage of development. Once those determinations were made, a power regression analysis addressed the question of whether the behavioral stage of development at which a species operating at predicts the number of neurons an organism has. The relationship between these two variables was r (17) = 0.874. These findings imply developing to the next higher stage requires an increase in the number of neurons a species has. The evolutionary benefit from a species evolving to have more neurons may be driven by reinforcement contingencies in the environmental niche that species occupies. If these reinforcement contingencies are one order of hierarchical complexity higher than the stage the species operates at, then the species must increase the number of neuronal connections; this increase reaches a maximum dictated by the number of neurons, so there is a time when the species must evolve more neurons. to perform the comparatively more hierarchically complex tasks required to attain new reinforcement. Therefore it is the attraction of higher stage reinforcers that drives neural development. This neurological correlation for behavioral complexity shows that there is a countable amount of processing power that limits the rate of stage change in a lifetime. The accuracy with which stage of development predicts the number of neurons cast behavioral development as a driving force in neuronal evolution.","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117025102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

The model of hierarchical complexity as a measurement system 作为度量系统的层次复杂性模型

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/H0100583

M. Commons, Robin Gane-McCalla, Cory David Barker, Eva Yujia Li

引用次数: 32

What are the relationships between four notions of stage change 舞台变换的四个概念之间的关系是什么

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/H0100584

M. Commons

{"title":"What are the relationships between four notions of stage change","authors":"M. Commons","doi":"10.1037/H0100584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100584","url":null,"abstract":"There have been a number of models for transition between stages, including Piaget’s dialectical model, Dawson’s use of Rasch score values, and the newest, the systematization resulting from micro-genetic research. This paper discusses four different accounts of stage transition, each delineating how to obtain data on stage transition for each method. It also discusses how the methods might be interrelated. First, the paper elaborates the original Piagetian model by systematizing the transition substeps using choice theory and signal detection. An examination of stage transition included scoring interviews or other participant responses for statements that reflect each of these steps. Secondly, the paper examines micro-developmental approaches. These approaches identify what may be potential subtask and subsubtask actions that may occur during transition to the next stage. Then, the paper describes and illustrates the use of Rasch analysis to quantify the extent to which a participant’s performance on an instrument is transitional. This approach might numerically pinpoint where in the transition an individual is but it did not measure the difficulty of the specific task subtask actions (strategies). A method for combining stage scores, subtask action scores, and the sub-subtask action scores was introduced. Finally, the paper presents a methodology for creating tasks and methods of support that directly measure transition. The purpose of this approach was twofold. First was to empirically test for the transition subtask and subsubtask actions extracted originally from the interview process. Second was to figure out how high in transition an action would get with support.","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114624188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Review and shortcomings of literature on corruption in organizations in offering a multi-faceted and integrative understanding of the phenomenon 对组织腐败文献的回顾和不足，提供了对这一现象的多方面和综合理解

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/H0100592

E. Fein, J. Weibler

{"title":"Review and shortcomings of literature on corruption in organizations in offering a multi-faceted and integrative understanding of the phenomenon","authors":"E. Fein, J. Weibler","doi":"10.1037/H0100592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100592","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a brief overview of literature on corruption from different disciplinary perspectives. After a short look at contributions from history, sociology, anthropology and psychology, the paper primarily reviews articles on corruption in organizations from fields like organizational behavior ( ob), behavioral ethics (be) and management studies (ms). Despite frequent calls for a more interdisciplinary or even a “holistic view” of corruption in this literature, we claim that the literature reviewed here often fails to offer an adequate, i.e. multi-faceted and integrative understanding of the phenomenon, and that this is due to disciplinary constraints and traditions often inducing researchers to take less-than-desirably complex views onto the phenomenon. Moreover, we argue that many articles on corruption do not reflect, question and/or contextualize their own moral and/or ethical standards and evaluation criteria systematically. This is shown, first, with regard to the degree of reflexivity of the applied analytical terms and concepts in general and with regard to the extent to which value judgments are contextualized in particular. Second, our claim is illustrated by a tendency to underrate or ignore major aspects of the subjective dimension of behavior, namely actors’ empirical action logics.","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116760402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Cognitive basis for corruption and attitudes towards corruption in organizations viewed from a structuralist adult developmental meta-perspective 结构主义成人发展元视角下组织腐败的认知基础与态度

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2014-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/H0100593

E. Fein, J. Weibler

引用次数: 9