The Behavioral Development Bulletin最新文献_第10页

Intervention for Self-Injury in a Child with Autism: Effects of Choice and Continuous Access to Preferred Stimuli 自闭症儿童自我伤害的干预:选择和持续获得偏好刺激的效果

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2008-03-22 DOI: 10.1037/H0100503

A. L. Humenik, Julie Curran, J. Luiselli, S. Child

引用次数: 12

Editorial for the Special Issue on Autism 自闭症特刊社论

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2008-03-22 DOI: 10.1037/H0100501

S. Mehta

引用次数: 0

Bringing About Changes in Workplace Behavior 改变工作场所的行为

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1037/H0100499

M. Commons

{"title":"Bringing About Changes in Workplace Behavior","authors":"M. Commons","doi":"10.1037/H0100499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100499","url":null,"abstract":"The Model of Hierarchical Complexity provides the basis to introduce and define how task actions are sequenced. It is applied to organizational and institutional atmosphere and its developmental relationship with individuals. We define and discuss stages of development as well as contingencies in workplace settings. We explain how a particular workplace’s atmosphere specifies contingencies. Research is introduced to illuminate the concepts. We characterize the hierarchical complexity of peoples’ work and of organizations in which they work. Formal stage organizations are characterized by bureaucracy, and one-dimensional logicallyunderstood regulations. Systematic stage organizations look to the purpose of regulations, balance multiple relationships to achieve goals. Metasystematic stage organizations value creativity over conformity. We propose that the hierarchical complexity of the contingencies that constitute a particular workplace atmosphere affects how the individuals within it behave. Individuals’ stage of performance is described by the hierarchical complexity of the task demands and contingencies that they discriminate and prefer. “Power” is explained as the behavioral control of contingencies that distribute reinforcement and reinforcement opportunity. We discuss the role of power in setting favorable conditions that reinforce individuals’ development. Preliminary results of this research indicate that workplace atmosphere typically places a ceiling on individual moral development rather than encouraging development to the highest stages. The concepts are applied to the future of institutions such as research universities and organizations. Many companies have short lives because they become less creative over time. Their present “successful” culture resists innovation. Research universities and start-ups are the exceptional organizations. Some of the new start-ups are organized usingMetasystematic principles such as Google. Behavior analysis now addresses a number of useful organizational issues, such as getting people to work faster, more efficiently, and reducing worker turnover. Organizational behavior modification improves/maintains individual or organizational performance. Improving performance necessitates an increase in the quantity, quality, and timeliness of training. In turn, an improvement in performance increases customer, client, and investor satisfaction, implementation of mission objectives, and safety. From a systems analysis perspective, improving performance effectively changes several things about a job. One is increasing the efficiency of the way in which work gets done. Another is that improving performance often necessitates an alteration of what individuals do in their jobs. This can result independently in the development of measurement systems for various units in the organization, which assists appropriate levels of organization to determine measurable goals for performance. Hierarchical Complexity of People’s","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121329888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Changing Stage for Students, Teachers and Schools 学生、教师和学校的变化舞台

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1037/H0100498

M. Commons

引用次数: 2

How Are the Processes by Which People Become Attached Influenced by Stage of Development 人们依恋的过程如何受到发展阶段的影响

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1037/H0100497

P. Miller, M. Commons

引用次数: 1

How Early Negative Caregiving Experiences Relate to Stage of Attachment 早期消极照顾经历与依恋阶段的关系

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1037/H0100495

M. Commons, P. Miller

{"title":"How Early Negative Caregiving Experiences Relate to Stage of Attachment","authors":"M. Commons, P. Miller","doi":"10.1037/H0100495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100495","url":null,"abstract":"Stage We estimate about 20% of adults are at this stage in their attachment relationships. They will know the social norms and these norms will be important in regulating what happens in their relationships. When the identification is with socially appropriate groups and norms, this can lead to a lot of socially accepted, although perhaps rigid behaviors. When impaired, individuals behaving at the abstract stage may belong to the “out group” and therefore act against the norms of the “in group.” This may occur because an important model in the person’s life has had a strong “identification” with anti-social norms. It may be due to being maltreated. Some may be in the negative step of the transition from abstract to formal – the anti norms. During stage transition (Commons & Richards, 2002) the first step of leaving the earlier stage adaptation is to negate the actions of that stage. People who are performing at this step of the transition may go against the social norms, though this is also expected in at least some adolescents. It is when this kind of thinking persists beyond adolescence that there can be a problem. For example, individuals who belong to an “out group” can engage in a great deal of negative behavior directed against others in society. This can harm both themselves and others. Others not in their group will get pejorative names and this is seen as justifying being able to treat them badly. Vol. 13, Spring 2007, Behavioral Development Bulletin","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122040794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Introduction to the model of hierarchical complexity. 介绍层次复杂性模型。

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1037/H0100493

M. Commons

{"title":"Introduction to the model of hierarchical complexity.","authors":"M. Commons","doi":"10.1037/H0100493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100493","url":null,"abstract":"This special issue presents a collection of papers based on the Model of Hierarchical Complexity, a non-mentalistic model of developmental stages. The model is different from previous proposals about developmental stage (e.g., Inhelder & Piaget, 1958). Instead of explaining behavior change across age as being due to the development of mental structures or schema, this model instead posits that task sequences form hierarchies that become increasingly complex. Because less complex tasks must be completed and practiced before more complex tasks can be acquired, this accounts for the developmental changes seen. Furthermore, previous theories of stage have confounded the stimulus and response in assessing stage by simply scoring responses and ignoring the task or stimulus. The Model of Hierarchical Complexity separates the task or stimulus from the performance. This short introduction to the special issue will describe this model in some detail, as each of the papers to follow will rely on it. Tasks One major basis for this developmental theory is task analysis. The study of ideal tasks, including their instantiation in the real world, has been the basis of the branch of stimulus control called Psychophysics. Tasks are defined as sequences of contingencies, each presenting stimuli and each requiring a behavior or a sequence of behaviors that must occur in some non-arbitrary fashion. In the present use of task analysis, the complexity of behaviors necessary to complete a task can be specified using the complexity definitions described below. One examines behavior with respect to the analytically known complexity of the task.","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127793067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Stages of infant development, as illustrated by responses to the peek-a-boo game. 婴儿发育阶段，如对躲猫猫游戏的反应所示。

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1037/H0100496

P. Miller, M. Commons

引用次数: 3

Assessment of Thinking in Adult Learners 成人学习者的思维评估

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1037/H0100500

Darlene E. Crone-Todd

引用次数: 8

Adult behavioral developmental stages of attachment. 成人依恋行为发展阶段。

The Behavioral Development Bulletin Pub Date : 2007-03-22 DOI: 10.1037/H0100494

P. Miller, Suzanne Lee

{"title":"Adult behavioral developmental stages of attachment.","authors":"P. Miller, Suzanne Lee","doi":"10.1037/H0100494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100494","url":null,"abstract":"stage statements In abstract-stage statements, individuals often quantified their emotions following a loss. Although abstract-stage statements were often relatively short, the statements differed from primaryor concrete-stage statements because they contained some kind of recognition that the reaction to an event could have been different or could be variable under different circumstances. (F, age 8) I just wasn't afraid. Because, I don't get afraid when I lose something. But if it's something very, very special to me, really, really important and I always loved it, then I would be a little more scared and worried that I lost it. I'll never see it again. [She seems to have two ideas: some things that are not very important do not make her get very afraid; other things that are very, very important would make her get more afraid she seems to be beginning to deal with different values of “importance” and of “fear” and relating them to each other she also seems to be thinking hypothetically she doesn’t have a specific thing in mind but just says “If it’s something...”] (F, age 41) I didn't have, there was nothing adversarial between her and me. [There was nothing at all here that was adversarial is a quantification statement; adversarial is a value of the kinds of interactions that can range from adversarial to cooperative.] (F, age 41) All I wanted was to have a quiet life. [All is quantification, quiet is a value of a variable.] (F, age 25) And it was just a continual saying goodbye. [A continual is an abstract quantification statement.] (M, age 23) I'm trying to be specific instead of talking in vague generalizations. [Value=vague, of a variable that can range from vague to specific.] (M, age 23) I have moments of elation [There is quantification, “moments” of elation; elation is variable.] and moments of depression. (M, age 23) This is probably the most painful loss I ever experienced. [Quantifying the experience.] (M, age 41) It was stolen once. I felt bad but that was more a sense of economic loss. [This little piece here “more ... an economic loss” is a kind of quantification of loss, so that statement is Abstract – 9.] (M, age 41) All Americans [quantification] had a sort of slow anger at the enemy. Formal-stage statements _________________________________________________________________________________ Formal-stage statements about relationships mentioned relationships between two variables or propositions. It can often be discerned that they relate two abstract-stage entities. There is linear logic, which also is embodied in blaming others for what goes wrong. (F, age 41) It was very abrupt, yes. And at the time there wasn't much people could do about cancer, so it was a really dayto-day deterioration that you could follow. [At one time treatment used to have that other kind of outcome, now it has this kind of outcome so this is a statement about things varying over time. But what makes it formal is that there is a function described day-","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126613224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4