The Behavioral Development Bulletin最新文献

{"title":"Parents as teachers: An application of a behavioral systems view of development.","authors":"E. Branscum, M. J. Dick","doi":"10.1037/H0100563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126023505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a treatment package on the on task behavior of a kindergartener with autism across settings.","authors":"Jeremy H Greenberg, M. Tang, Samantha P. Y. Tsoi","doi":"10.1037/H0100516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100516","url":null,"abstract":"The inclusion of students with autism and other special needs into the general education setting has been an increasingly difficult task for schools both in and out of the United States. Although there is debate as to the appropriateness of this practice, the trend to include is increasing. Many students are observed to have behaviors that are “off task”, meaning that they interfere with their own learning and in some cases, the learning of others. Off task behaviors may include stereotypy and must be reduced or replaced so that students are successful in school. Our treatment package included textual prompts, learn units, and contingent corrections to increase on task behaviors during one to one and group instruction in a general education setting. Overall, we observed educationally significant gains in on task behavior subsequent to the introduction of the treatment package in a kindergartener with autism across three school settings. A multiple baseline across settings experimental design was used in the present study. The present study represents the first educational application of a single case experimental design in the region. Maintenance of the behavior change was assessed through a probe session two weeks after the treatment package was removed. Limitations of the study are discussed.","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126280837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of multiple exemplar instruction to teach perspective-taking skills to adolescents with Asperger Syndrome","authors":"S. Lovett, R. Rehfeldt","doi":"10.1037/H0100575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100575","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of multiple exemplar instruction for teaching perspectivetaking skills to young adults with autism. Using a multiple probe design, participants were trained and tested using protocols evaluating the deictic frames of I-You, Here-There, and Now-Then. Generalization of perspectivetaking skills was evaluated using two standardized assessments designed to evaluate theory of mind, which were administered at pre and posttest. Generalization of perspective-taking skills to a more natural language situation was also assessed. Results showed the emergence of perspective-taking for all participants following multiple exemplar instruction, and varying degrees of generalization of perspective-taking skills to a natural presentation of social interaction were observed based on the complexity of the perspective-taking relation.","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"40 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120920473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relations between adult developmental conceptions of the beautiful and moral development","authors":"Albert Erdynast, Wendy D. Chen","doi":"10.1037/H0101082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101082","url":null,"abstract":"The cross-sectional study with 180 adult subjects researched structural-developmental levels of conceptions of the beautiful and also studied their relations with structural-developmental levels of moral development. Measures of moral development that are considerably beyond the scope of Kohlberg’s conception of justice-reasoning were used. Six levels of conceptions of the beautiful were studied. The highest level, not discerned in previous studies, was established from some responses to Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon. Six structural-developmental conceptions of the beautiful across four Picasso paintings and one Michelangelo sculpture meet the criterion of generality which supports the claim to finding hierarchical structures within a domain of their own. Distinctions are made about the domain of the issues under study among four domains: I) the real, II) the good, III) the just and right, and, IV) the beautiful. The beautiful, domain IV, involves the contemplation, or, appreciation, and fashioning of beautiful objects. Data were collected and analyzed in two domains and two sub-domains of moral development characterized as: 1) conceptions of the good, 2) judgments of justice-reasoning (obligations, liberties and duties), and 3) compassion as a supererogatory act which a person does for the sake of another’s good at considerable cost or risk to the self. The moral domains and subdomains used as a framework for the measures of moral development in these studies are based on the framework of Rawls’s social contract philosophy and the psychological study of conceptions of the beautiful is based on Kant’s philosophy of the beautiful. The relations between the developmental level of conceptions of the beautiful and the structural-developmental levels of moral decisions were studied through standardized justice-reasoning dilemmas and administration of a fidelity/infidelity structural interview. The data suggest that as the level of moral development rises, there is a tendency for the levels of conceptions of the beautiful to also rise. In 91% of instances, there was plus or minus a half level correspondence between the level of conceptions of justice-reasoning and the level of conceptions of the beautiful. In 98% of the analyzed cases, the levels of conceptions of the good and the levels of conceptions of the beautiful are within one level of one another. The study also contributes toward resolving the unsettled question about the number of developmental domains and subdomains that exist.","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134391140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mothers' and fathers' knowledge of behavioral principles as applied to children: data from a normative sample","authors":"Jennifer D. Tiano, C. McNeil","doi":"10.1037/H0100570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100570","url":null,"abstract":"research on knowledge of behavioral principles has been conducted with several different groups of individuals (e.g., mothers, undergraduates, direct-care staff, therapists). h owever, no studies were found comparing maternal and paternal knowledge of behavioral principles. the current study compared knowledge of behavioral principles, as measured by the Knowledge of Behavioral Principles as Applied to children ( kbpac), for a community sample of 40 mother-father pairs of a young male child. results indicated that mothers and fathers exhibited similar levels of knowledge. the kbpac also was correlated with social position, parent report of child behavior problems, and parental education. implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115853581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"There is only one stage domain","authors":"Sagun Giri, M. Commons, W. Harrigan","doi":"10.1037/H0101081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0101081","url":null,"abstract":"The study used the model of hierarchical complexity (MHC) to test the theory that different domains in development would develop in synchrony, allowing an individual to solve tasks from various domains using the same mental structure for each task. The MHC instruments used were the empathy, helper person, counselor patient, breakup, caregiver, algebra, balance beam, infinity and laundry instruments. The instruments can be categorized as belonging to two different subdomains, the social subdomain, and the logic/mathematics/physical sciences subdomain. Instruments in this social subdomain measure developmental stage in a variety of social contexts. These social contexts included empathy for person after an accident, guidance and assistance by a helper, counseling patients, understanding romantic breakups, and caring for children and infants. The other subdomain is composed of mathematical (algebra & infinity), logical (laundry), and physical science (balance beam). In order to conclude how related the performances were, three analyses were carried out. First, Rasch analysis yielded person scores akin to person stage scores. Second, regression analysis was conducted to assess how well the order of hierarchical complexity (OHC) of the items predicted the Rasch difficulty of the items. Third a principal axis factoring was carried out with the person Rasch scores for every instrument. Irrespective of domains, if each instrument loaded on the first factor with all the factor scores over .7 and if the first factor accounted for more than 70% of the variance, then that would show that all instruments were part of a single domain. In each case the MHC accounted for a large amount of variance with r values over .7. The principal axis factoring showed that person scores on each instrument loaded on the first factor (90.51% of the variance). All the factor scores on the first factor were over .85. There were very low loadings only on the second factor (4.947% of the variance). This implies that the instruments from the social subdomain and instruments from the logic/mathematics/physical sciences belong to a single domain.","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122546740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pattern recognition method for disclosing different levels of value system from questionnaire data","authors":"P. Sjölander, Nina Lindström, AnnJessica Ericsson, S. Kjellström","doi":"10.1037/H0100596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100596","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to describe, test and validate a method for disclosing significant response patterns from questionnaire data, and for classifying individual response profiles into a sequence of significant patterns. The method is based on pattern recognition statistics and probability calculations. The results from the population tested show that the method can disclose characteristic profiles of different value systems, and that these systems can be arranged in a hierarchical order similar to the conventional levels of ego development. It is suggested that this method is applicable to any multiple choice-questionnaire containing a number of items where the response alternatives represent a sequential order, for example, of different levels of development within a psychological domain. The method might be a valuable tool for acquiring information on the distribution of different levels of adult development in large populations, such as in communities and large organizations.","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"331 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122840155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The development of self and perspective-taking: A relational frame analysis.","authors":"Yvonne Barnes-Holmes, D. Barnes-Holmes, B. Roche, P. Smeets","doi":"10.1037/H0100482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100482","url":null,"abstract":"Contrary to popular belief, behavior analysis emphasizes the imponanl role played by self�knowledge in complex human behavior, particularly social and verbal behavior (Dymond .t Barnes, 1997). According 10 Skinner (t974), sclf­ awareness or self�iscrimination is shaped through verbal interaclio� with others thereby allowing for greater predic� lion and inOuence ave; an individual's own behavior. It is only when a person's �rivate world �omes im�t to others that it becomes Imponant to him. By askmg ques· tions such as \"How are you feeling\", for example, other members of the verbal community are, in effect, shaping an individual's ability to respond discriminatively tow� hislher own behavior. The person is \"made aware of him· self\" by such questions and is thus in a better position to predict and control his own behavior (Skinner, 1974, p. 31). Skinner, therefore, accounted for the devel?pment .of human self·awareness in lerms of complex SOCial contm­ gencies. One prominent research stra�e� that emerged from this interpretation involved determining whether self­ discrimination was a uniquely human phenomenon, or whether non-humans could also discriminate their own be­ havior. A number of studies have answered this question by demonstrating that the behavior of pigeons, for example, may be brought under the control of the �igeons' own p�e� vious response patterns (lanai, 1975; Phskoff & . Goldla� mond 1966' Reynolds, 1966: Reynotds & Calanla, 1962: and Shimp, i982). Although such finding have provided","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128326250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causes of behavior development and contextual variables.","authors":"M. Pelaez","doi":"10.1037/H0100485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116580379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Watson's social philosophy and activism.","authors":"H. Reese","doi":"10.1037/H0100477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/H0100477","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":314223,"journal":{"name":"The Behavioral Development Bulletin","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126626515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}