Environmental safety and natural resources最新文献

{"title":"Method of building a mathematical model of layered flows","authors":"D. Cherniy","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2020.1.115-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2020.1.115-130","url":null,"abstract":"The method of constructing mathematical models for plane-parallel layered flows is considered. Given that the flow structure implies simplification and splitting of the problem, it is shown that, for planar parallel fluxes, it is possible to construct a layered flow model in which the problem solution is constructed by the method of separating variables. It is shown that for each layer of flow it is possible to distinguish a function whose derivatives determine the velocity distribution in the layer and which can be interpreted as \"flow potential in the layer\". But the potential representation for the velocity field distribution in a layer has a parametric dependence on a variable that is orthogonal to the plane currents. Although there is a function that can be interpreted as the \"potential\" of a flow in a layer, the most common layered flow (as a whole) is not potential. Only a stream the averaged of a layer thickness can be considered as a potential flow. When constructing models, the viscosity, non-stationarity and inertia of the flow are taken into account (by taking into account nonlinear dynamic components). It is shown that the mathematical models constructed, of some cases of the stream, represent the classical solutions for layered flows.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":"91 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129284647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ameliorative state of irrigative soils of the Mughan plain depending on salinization degree and type","authors":"M. Mustafayev, B. Mammadov, N. M. Huseynova","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.5-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.5-10","url":null,"abstract":"Аbstract. The article is dedicated to the agromeliorative measures system prepared for the meliorative state improvement of these soils on the bases of the researches performed in the solonetzificated and salinized to a different degree in the MughanSalyan massive of the Kur-Araz lowland. During the researches the slope depth of subsoil waters and mineralization dynamics were studied, the salts quantity and type was fixed in the soil, therefore the full and subtle water weight was performed in the samples taken from the experimental area.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129794785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of additional seismic risk of destruction of structures on flooded loesses and loessy-loamy rocks in Ukraine","authors":"O. Rogozhin, Y. Yakovlev","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.11-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.11-22","url":null,"abstract":"Over the recent decades in Ukraine regional activation of flooding of lands, accompanied by landslide formation and subsidence of surfaces take place. In the years 1982-2004, in the southern regions of Ukraine, the areas of underflooding increased 9 times. Therefore the risk of destruction of structures from probable seismic shaking increases in large areas, which will provoke landslides and thixotropic dilution of flooded loesses. The article is devoted to the regional economic assessment of additional seismic risk of destruction of structures in Ukraine in areas of distribution of flooded loesses-rock formations. Obtained data on the modern activation of changes in the geological conditions of loesses and loessy-loamy rocks and increasing their contribution to the increase of ecological and geological risks of life lead to the important conclusion that loess-rock massifs in most regions of Ukraine become vulnerable elements of the geological environment to the impact of increasing technogenic load and global climate change. To strengthening the hazardous properties of loesses and loessyloamy rocks, in addition to subsidence, reduction of strength, etc., new processes have been added – activation of swelling and thixotropy. They are most active in cities and towns, which is caused by large losses of water and heat from urban networks, which reach 35-45% and exceed the filtration capacity of loesses and loessy-loamy soils. In most cases, this leads to the formation of anthropogenic aquifers as a key factor in the mechanism of degradation loesses and loessy-loamy rocks in cities and the formation of hydro-geodeformation fields during seismic shocks. The consideration of climate parameters significantly changes the value of economic assessment of the additional risk of seismic destruction of structures on flooded loesses and loessy-loamy rocks in Ukraine towards its reduction at the locally objective level. It is also advisable to add the number of days with rain for the year and the number of days with non-freezing soil in winter (NovemberFebruary) to the climate parameters we consider at this stage. The rapid changes of the engineering-geological state of subsidence rock masses in the conditions of influence of factors of global climate change, the increase of global seismicity and technogenesis, in our opinion, require the development of new regulatory and methodological provisions for the study of loesses and loessy-loamy rocks formations in technogenic loaded and vulnerable regions of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":"32 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134219999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formalization of the mathematical modeling process of adaptive change of code structure in wireless data transmission","authors":"Borys Horlynskyi, S. Zaitsev, S. Kaznadiy, Lilia I. Zaitsevа","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.64-78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.64-78","url":null,"abstract":"The formalization of the process of structural adaptation of turbo codes under the conditions of noise interference, which lead to uncertainty in the process of decoding of correction codes, is proposed. The essence of formalization lies in the adaptive choice of the structure of the correction code using the a priori and a posteriori information of the decoder at the expense of minimizing the average risk. The proposed results can be used to ensure the reliability of information transfer systems that operate in the face of powerful interference.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115135801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Аssessment of the ecological safety level in the urban ecosystem by the atmospheric air condition","authors":"O. Barabash","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.57-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.57-63","url":null,"abstract":"Green plantings, which are a part of the modern city, are an important element creating an environment providing favorable microclimatic and sanitary conditions for human living. Plants of the city streets, which tend to grow near the roadway, play an important role. According to the magnitude of the fluctuation asymmetry of the bilateral morphological features in plant organisms, the main environmental hazards resulting from the complex of emission, backgroundparametric and landscape-destructive effects associated with the formation of the urban landscape were investigated. It is proposed to determine the state of the urban ecosystem based on the of fluctuation asymmetry (FA) criteria – slight nondirectional deviations between the sides of the organ, which are laid during ontogeny. The condition of the small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata) leaf plates was evaluated by the development stability, which characterizes the level of pollution in the urban ecosystem. The nature of industrial emissions into the air basin and water bodies was analyzed, as well as the level of the soil cover contamination due to the deposition of aerosol emissions in the administrative districts of Kyiv. A comprehensive approach was proposed to evaluate the status of urban ecosystems based on the combination of instrumental methods with bioindication research methods. Such a combination will make it possible to classify urban areas with the high probability, first, not by the degree of chemical pollution, but by the degree of anthropogenic changes in a whole set of environmental factors, which play a crucial role in the formation of specific properties of the urban ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116769092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility analysis of construction of new hydropower plants in Ukraine taking into account the risk of unused possibilities","authors":"D. Stefanyshyn","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.33-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.33-45","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents results of feasibility analysis of construction of new hydropower plants in Ukraine according to the Hydropower development program for the period till 2026, which was approved by our Government in 2016. In particular, there are analyzed perspective plans for building the Kakhovka hydropower plant #2 and six new hydropower plants on the river Dniester, as well as developing small hydropower in the country. The feasibility analysis is based on pairwise comparison of alternatives by the criterion of minimum aggregate risk taking into account the risk of unused opportunities. Components of aggregate risks of alternatives are estimated in dimensionless units for water-energy and operability characteristics and costs of commissioning of new hydro aggregates.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127677026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On some challenges of environmental impact assessment of small hydropower plants in Ukraine","authors":"Y. Vlasiuk, D. Stefanyshyn","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.79-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.79-92","url":null,"abstract":"One of the pressing problems of today is the greening of nature management, which is recognized as one of the fundamental components of the newest concept of “sustainable” development. The Law of Ukraine “On Environmental Impact Assessment”, adopted in 2017, has opened up new opportunities for environmental review and regulation of potentially hazardous activities related to the use of natural resources, with involvement of the general public in decision-making processes. According to this Law, hydropower plants on rivers, regardless of their capacity, are also included in the types of planned activities and objects that can have a significant environmental impact and are subject to environmental impact assessment. Thus, at the legislative level, it is recognized that so-called “small hydropower plants” are capable of adversely affecting the environment and should be considered environmentally and socially dangerous until the opposite is established by the results of the environmental expertise. It is because of the small capacity of hydropower plants in numerous publications of various domestic authors that the idea that small hydropower plants can not adversely affect the environment and are environmentally safe has been formed and continues to be upheld. Due to this, small hydropower has received the status of “green” energy and state supporting in the form of various attenuations, in particular at the expense of “green” tariff. Our analysis of notifications of planned activities that are subject to the environmental impact assessment coming into the Unified Registry for Environmental Impact Assessment and of the environmental impact assessment reports materials shows that private investors are openly abusing these preferences. Notifications of planned activities, environmental impact assessment reports are prepared in a frankly poor and non-professional manner, mostly by persons who are little connected for research or have an opinion on the absolute environmental safety of small hydropower plants. As a result, information provided to the public often turns out to be incomplete, one-sided, distorted, and in some cases, untrue. The article highlights the most pressing problems encountered during the practical implementation of the Law of Ukraine “On Environmental Impact Assessment” regarding the construction and operation of small hydropower plants, which could be in interest of scientific and engineering communities, officials and the public.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134217321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Armed conflict as an environmental risk factor at water supply facilities in еastern Ukraine (case study of “Voda Donbassa” utility company’s Siverskyi Donets – Donbas canal)","authors":"O. Buglak, K. Boiko, O. Lunova","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.23-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2019.3.23-32","url":null,"abstract":"The “Voda Donbassa” utility company’s Siverskyi Donets – Donbas Canal is considered critical infrastructure and at increased risk, as existing environmental threats have been identified (significant technical malfunctions in connection with military operations – breach of the waterproof canal-bed; damage to the pipeline’s water-tightness; flooding along the path due to significant water loss and, as a consequence, development of dangerous geological processes – swamps, landslides, surface subsidence, rising groundwater levels; a possible complication of the humanitarian and sanitary-epidemiological condition in the region is the presence of the prerequisites for man-made accidents to occur at environmentally-hazardous chemical, metallurgical, and energy enterprises that use large volumes of water in their technological process) and recommendations given for minimizing the risks of the beginnings of man-made environmental disasters (development of plans for the localization and elimination of the consequences of accidents, where they are lacking; measures to prevent breaching the integrity and waterproofing of the Siverskyi Donets – Donbas Canal – technical inspection, planned and preventative maintenance work, repair work; monitoring the canal’s hydrological and hydrogeological systems, hydraulic structure technical condition, ensuring systematic monitoring and renovation of the water supply system; implementation of measures for drainage of land in areas of flooding in order to reduce the negative impact). In connection with the passage of the Siverskyi Donets – Donbas Canal route through the line of armed conflict, it is necessary to create “secure zones” with a radius of 5 km where the canal intersects the contact line in order to prevent their destruction due to possible shelling.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128729167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation by optimal on Pareto resolve of the problems of ground-based failure in conditions of seismic danger","authors":"A. Sirenko","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2019.2.113-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2019.2.113-122","url":null,"abstract":"From 2000 to 2009, natural disasters damaged and destroyed about one million objects, which directly affected nearly 2.5 billion people worldwide. Increasing seismic activity in the Vrancea and Black Sea regions, as well as on the planet as a whole, has led to an increase in seismic hazard throughout Ukraine. Ukraine (and not only the Carpathian and Crimean regions, as it was previously thought) is a zone where potentially possible earthquakes, and quite strong. In areas with weakened soils, 7-8-ball effects can be observed. For a long time, during the course of the twentieth century and until now, seismic security of construction in the territory of Ukraine is mainly associated with regional estimates of seismicity, which, according to the results of researches of specialists of the Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and others, correlated with so-called seismically active zones, mountain structures of Crimea and the Carpathians and the foothills. According to the estimates of the departments of the State Geological Survey of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Ministry of Regional Development and Building and other 70% of the territory of Ukraine, forest and loamy formations of I and II categories of draft are developed, 25% of developed open and semi-open karst, the processes of man-made flooding cover up to 10-15% of the industrial urban agglomerations. The most complex impact on the technogenic deterioration of engineering-seismological conditions is associated with flooding, as a result of which occur the following processes in the upper zone of the geological environment, where the stress-strain state of the base of objects is formed: deformation of the front of seismic waves in the substructure of buildings at contact level groundwater with foundations and maintenance of increased pore pressure; decrease of stability of shift-dangerous areas; the formation of zones for the formation of plumes and thixotropic transformations of water of saturated clay rocks; man-made generation of land-summerers during floods, mining operations in areas of influence of large water reservoirs. In general, a significant complex of changes in the stress-strain state of the geological environment due to natural and man-made factors increases the probability of occurrence of resonance phenomena in the system of \"soil rock foundation – building construction\" due to a wide spectrum of seismic shock shocks and man-made microseismic influences. In the article the algorithm of system harmonization of various requirements and indicators of soil ground reliability is considered with the help of compromise of opposite goals by means of formation of Pareto set. The practical possibility of obtaining the Pareto set is illustrated numerically.","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125021379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimations of heavy metals in soils and different landscape components within the municipal solid waste disposal areas","authors":"O. Azimov, O. Trofymchuk, I. Kuraeva, S. Karmazinenko","doi":"10.32347/2411-4049.2019.2.5-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32347/2411-4049.2019.2.5-17","url":null,"abstract":"The comprehensive geoecological study of the area closed to the northwestern part of Landfill No 5 for the municipal solid waste disposal shows the ecologically negative impact on the environment. It is determined that the existing soils are affected by the significant geochemical transformation. They are characterized by the considerable accumulations of the heavy metals (HMs). In comparison with the conventional pure soils the soil contents of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Pb are 8, 12, 3, 2, 17 times more, respectively. The anomalous high HMs pollution for the bottom deposits is identified: for Zn – in 800 mg/kg that is 14 times more than maximum allowable concentrations (MAC); for Cu – 150 mg/kg that is 4.5 times more than MAC. Average Pb content there exceeds its MAC and is equal to 72 mg/kg. Therefore, the bottom deposits have the hazardous level of pollution. It is shown that the elements of considerable accumulations in grass vegetation are Cu, Cr and Ni at the biological absorption coefficient more 2.0. The physical and chemical studies of surface waters show that the contents of microelements (F, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fetot. and Pb) there don’t exceed the MAC, but they are higher than the background values. ЕКОЛОГІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY © O.T. Azimov, O.M. Trofymchuk, I.V. Kuraeva, S.P. Karmazinenko, 2019","PeriodicalId":313972,"journal":{"name":"Environmental safety and natural resources","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122978777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}