Environmental Research最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing localized polarons on Co3O4 surface for photo-ozone catalysis","authors":"Yaxin Zhao ,&nbsp;Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Xian Zhang ,&nbsp;Guyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinze Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photothermal conversion-induced increase in temperature enhances the recombination of charge carriers, thereby limiting solar energy utilization for catalysis. Herein, we developed a freeze-straw-capillary-action method for synthesizing N-doped Co₃O₄ (Co₃O₄-FC) to enhance the photo-induced nonthermal effect on the catalytic ozonation of dichloromethane (DCM). The N doped in Co₃O₄-FC generated localized polarons under light irradiation through d-d transitions. The polarons remained stable over the test temperature range (25–70 °C) and converted some surface Co²⁺ sites to Co³⁺ sites. Co³⁺ ions were formed under light irradiation and served as adsorption and activation sites for DCM. Given this unique property, Co₃O₄-FC exhibited a strong synergistic effect between photothermal and photocarrier processes. At 70 °C, illumination increased the <em>R</em>_DCM, mineralization efficiency, and ozone utilization of Co₃O₄-FC by 37.8 %, 163.6 %, and 73.7 %, respectively, whereas the those of Co₃O₄-blank presented no significantly change under illumination. To our knowledge, the photo-induced nonthermal effect observed in this work has not been previously reported. This newly identified pathway has the potential to lower the temperatures required for thermocatalysis or to alter reaction selectivity via light irradiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 122195"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) by tannic acid-modified magnetic fly ash-based tobermorite","authors":"Yunyun Huang,&nbsp;Zehua Wang,&nbsp;Zhiwen Zhou,&nbsp;Qi Zhou,&nbsp;Jianxin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the high adsorption capacity of fly ash-based tobermorite (TFA) for Pb(II), its performance for Cd(II) and Zn(II) was poor, and it proved difficult to separate and recover as a powdered adsorbent. Based on a multifunctional design strategy, this study proposes the innovative use of a tannic acid-modified fly ash-based magnetic tobermorite composite material (TFA-Fe₃O₄/TA). Characterization revealed that TFA-Fe₃O₄/TA possessed superparamagnetic properties and enriched hydroxyl groups. The adsorption performance of TFA-Fe₃O₄/TA for heavy metals was significantly improved. In the single-metal system, the adsorption capacities of TFA-Fe₃O₄/TA for Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) were 344.0 mg/g, 108.1 mg/g, and 99.16 mg/g, respectively, representing an increase of 14.97 %, 72.13 %, and 73.53 %, respectively, compared to unmodified TFA. The adsorption procedure followed the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, signifying monolayer chemisorption. Moreover, in the multi-metal system, TFA-Fe₃O₄/TA maintained adsorption capacities of 112.7, 58.81, and 65.56 mg/g for Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II), respectively, although these values decreased compared to the single-metal system. The primary adsorption mechanisms involved coordination, ion exchange, metal-π interaction, electrostatic interaction and pore adsorption. TFA-Fe₃O₄/TA demonstrated exceptional integrated functions of \"adsorption-separation-recovery,\" making it an ideal adsorbent material for removing Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) from contaminated water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 122206"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144365672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of curing methods on microstructure, mechanical properties, and heavy metal immobilization in non-sintered MSWIFA-based lightweight aggregates","authors":"Ximeng Wu ,&nbsp;Haifeng Wang ,&nbsp;Weichao Guo ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Caihong Xue ,&nbsp;Qingxin Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiaqiang Tang ,&nbsp;Huimin Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid economic growth and accelerated urbanization, solid waste recycling has become a critical priority for eco-friendly urban development. Although some studies have investigated cold-bonded aggregates using MSWIFA, the effect of curing environments on heavy metal immobilization and mechanical behavior remains poorly understood. This study utilizes solid wastes such as municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) and carbide slag to produce environmentally friendly non-sintered lightweight aggregates, and the effect of curing temperature and solution on the properties, reaction products as well as heavy metal leaching was investigated. The results show that under steam curing at 60 °C for 12 h, using calcium carbide slag supernatant as the granulation solution, the mechanical strength of the aggregates reached more than 7.02 MPa, meeting the Chinese standards for lightweight aggregates. Steam curing promotes the formation of hydrocalumite minerals, but the peak gradually weakens when the curing temperature reaches 75 °C. Microstructural analysis through XRD, FTIR, SEM, and XPS revealed that high temperatures activated the latent reactivity of slag, accelerating the reactions and promoting the generation of more C-S-H gel and hydrated calcium aluminates. This study proposes an innovative use of MSWIFA and carbide slag to produce non-sintered aggregates and systematically evaluates their performance under various curing conditions. The results are validated by detailed characterization, confirming both the originality and reliability of the work. In conclusion, the non-sintered lightweight aggregates prepared from MSWIFA demonstrate good mechanical performance and environmental adaptability, providing a sustainable alternative to natural aggregates and a useful reference for eco-friendly construction materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 122180"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and performance evaluation of a circulating fixed-bed photobioreactor (CFBP) with clinoptilolite fillers for enhanced microalgae cultivation in urine: mechanistic insights.","authors":"Yongyuan Hong, Libin Yang, Xiaogang You, Lei Zhang, Yinchuan Yang, Xuefei Zhou, Yalei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urine, a major source of nitrogen and phosphorus in domestic wastewater, challenges microalgae-based treatments due to high ammonia-nitrogen concentrations and salinity; therefore, additional processes are required when using conventional photobioreactors. This research developed a novel circulating fixed-bed photobioreactor (CFBP) with clinoptilolite and a three-stage operation mode to solve the above deficiencies. Modes including clinoptilolite cyclic processing (mode 1), microalgae suspension cultivation (mode 2), and microalgae-clinoptilolite cyclic cultivation (mode 3) occurred during the operation of the CFBP system. The results demonstrated that clinoptilolite treatment reduced the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (from 1793.85 mg/L to 129.03 mg/L) and salinity (from 1.22 % to 0.62 %) in synthetic urine of mode 1. Furthermore, some beneficial ions (e.g., Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Fe³⁺) were introduced through ion exchange, which favored the microalgae growth in mode 2 and mode 3. Clinoptilolite loaded with urine components can be used as a slow-releaser for microalgae cultivation in mode 3. The biomass concentration of microalgae reached 1.09 g/L and 1.03 g/L at the end of two modes (mode 2 and mode 3), and the intracellular lipids and pigments were accumulated, which can be used as raw materials for further processing. The data analysis of the 3D excitation-emission matrix (EEM) revealed the humic acid-like substances accumulation induced by microalgae during operation. The novel CFBP system and three-stage mode provide an innovative solution for source-separated urine treatment. The system enables simultaneous pollutant removal and microalgae biomass recovery, advancing sustainable wastewater management and resource recycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122207"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BLOOD METAL(LOID)S, HAEMOGLOBIN AND GOITRE IN PREGNANT WOMEN FROM THE MERCURY-EXPOSED AND NON-EXPOSED ENVIRONMENT (AIDARKEN AREA VS KARA-SUU AREA; KYRGYZ REPUBLIC).","authors":"Veronika Tursunova, Janja Snoj Tratnik, Rustam Tuhvatshin, Darja Mazej, Zhanibek Muratov, Rakhima Azhimamatova, Faizan Siddique, Anja Stajnko, Zdenka Šlejkovec, Peter Stegnar, Milena Horvat, Ingrid Falnoga","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Aidarken is a region with mercury production from cinnabar and, to a lesser extent, from mercury-antimony-fluorite and waste recycling. Recent smelting emissions of elemental Hg vapour are low; however, combined with past pollution legacies, anaemia and iodine deficiency, the health effects for vulnerable populations are still possible. The study aimed to evaluate metal(loid)s status in Aidarken pregnant women vs those from an Hg-noncontaminated region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>90 pregnant women (3^rd trimester) aged 19-39 years were recruited into the cross-sectional study: Aidarken (n=55) and Hg-uncontaminated Kara-Suu (n=35) region. The fasting blood samples were analysed for 22 metal(loid)s by ICP-MS and haemoglobin. The difference in metal(loid) levels between the groups (and within groups according to the presence of goitre) was estimated by multiple variable linear regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Metal(loid) blood levels were within reference ranges. We estimated the statistical significance of between-group differences for several metal(loid)s. Essential S, P, Fe, Ca, Mg, Co and Se and non-essential Hg, U, As, Cs and Rb were higher in the exposed than in the control group. On the contrary, the essential Na and Cu, and nonessential Sr and Ba were lower in the exposed vs controls. Mean haemoglobin levels didn't differ between the groups, while the incidence of goitre was higher in the exposed group (34.6% vs 11.4%). In the exposed group, the presence of goitre was estimated as a possible predictor for higher levels of Hg, Rb, Mn, Fe and Se.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found no critical Hg-related health concern for Aidarken pregnant women. The nutritional status of some essential metal(loid)s was even better in the exposed than in the control group. However, the results may indicate that long-term chronic exposure to moderate Hg levels could worsen thyroid health issues in a given environmental (iodine-deficient region) and lifestyle (suboptimal use of iodinated salt) conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122204"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trend and inequality in livestock CO2 emission intensity: Evidence from 341 prefecture-level cities from 2006 to 2022 in China","authors":"Fangyi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Pei ,&nbsp;Lihua Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As global warming intensifies, the livestock sector—a major source of carbon emission in agriculture—has gained growing attention on fair and green mitigation. However, existing studies have rarely focused on the spatiotemporal evolution of CO₂ emission intensity (CEI) and its inequality drivers. This study conducted a more detailed analysis at the prefecture-level city scale. Specifically, we estimated livestock CO₂ emission (CE) across 341 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2022. Using the standard deviation ellipse and spatial autocorrelation models, we analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of CEI and further applied the Theil index and Shapley decomposition method to evaluate CEI inequality and its influencing factors. The results revealed that: (1) Enteric fermentation constituted the primary source of CE at 61.41 %, with cattle contributing the largest proportion (56.47 %), followed by pigs (23.43 %) and sheep/goats (16.09 %) (2) From 2006 to 2022, CEI declined from 3.09 t/10⁴ yuan to 1.39 t/10⁴ yuan, with an average annual decline of 5.1 %. (3) Low CEI values were concentrated in economically developed regions east of the Hu Line (a population density demarcation), while high CEI values were clustered in the west. The center of CEI shifted from southwest to northwest. (4) The Theil index showed a marked increase from 0.535 to 0.651, primarily driven by intra-regional inequality. Ruminant CO₂ emission was the dominant contributor to CEI inequality (67.6 %), while environmental regulations had the greatest impact in the northwest and southwest regions. These findings provide insights for strengthening regional coordination and promoting carbon justice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 122209"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized biochar catalysts: Advancing green chemistry in synthesis of O- and N-heterocycles","authors":"Nida Khan ,&nbsp;Ashna Gupta ,&nbsp;Shakir Ahamad ,&nbsp;Mohd Kamil Hussain ,&nbsp;Mohd Umar Khan ,&nbsp;Zeba N. Siddiqui","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global shift toward sustainable chemistry has catalyzed the development of biochar as a versatile and eco-friendly catalyst in organic synthesis. Biochar, derived from biomass pyrolysis, offers tunable surface functionalities, high stability, and cost-effectiveness, establishing it as a viable alternative to conventional catalyst support. This review offers the first comprehensive overview of recent advancements in functionalized biochar-based catalysts for the synthesis of O and N-heterocycles. Particular focus is given to their applications in forming pharmaceutically and industrially important heterocycles, including chromenes, pyranopyrazoles, pyrazolopyridines, tetrazoles, oxindole dihydropyridines, benzylpyrazolyl coumarins, quinazolinones, spirochromenes, furoquinolines, and cyclic carbonates. This review explores the synthesis, functionalization, and catalytic performance of biochar, predominantly prepared via pyrolysis of diverse, renewable feedstocks such as chicken manure, neem bark, and wheat straw. These catalysts exhibit tailored properties, including large surface area, tunable porosity, and functional enhancements (e.g., by increasing reaction rates, selectivity, etc.) through the incorporation of magnetic, acidic, or metallic components. The review provides comparative insights into catalyst reusability, reaction efficiency, and mechanistic pathways, highlighting biochar's ability to replace hazardous reagents in heterocyclic synthesis. Additionally, examples are categorized by heterocycle type, offering detailed analyses of catalyst design, functionality, and advantages. The findings underscore the transformative potential of biochar-based catalysts in advancing green chemistry, while also pointing to opportunities for further innovation in this emerging field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 122136"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential greenness and adolescent mental health trajectories: A longitudinal pre-registered study","authors":"Sara Rudbæk Larsen ,&nbsp;Divyangana Rakesh ,&nbsp;Sarah Whittle ,&nbsp;Nicholas B. Allen ,&nbsp;Peter G. Enticott ,&nbsp;Lærke Mygind","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to natural environments, such as residential green spaces, has been proposed as a promising approach to health promotion and prevention of mental health issues among adolescents. This study investigated the association between residential greenness and trajectories of adolescent mental health.</div><div>Participants (<em>n</em> = 245) were part of the Orygen Adolescent Development Study and reported on anxiety and depression symptoms, using the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale, at ages 12, 15, 17, and 19 years. Parent-reports of externalizing behavior was assessed with the delinquent behavior and aggressive behavior scales from the Child Behavior Checklist collected at the same time points. Residential greenness was measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at baseline within a 1600m road network radius. Robust linear mixed models were used to examine associations between NDVI and within-subject changes in mental well-being, allowing for the inclusion of participants with only one data point while accounting for missing data. An exploratory analysis examined the interaction with sex in the association between NDVI and mental health.</div><div>None of the models investigating residential greenness and mental health trajectories indicated consistent associations. The application of alternative buffer zones or distance to nearest park did not alter the conclusion. Sensitivity analysis investigating the moderating effect of childhood maltreatment did not reveal notable effects. Exploratory analyses, however, found a link between higher levels of childhood residential greenness and decreases in externalizing symptoms over time in males (β: 0.31 [95 % CI -0.56, −0.06]), though no such observation was observed in females.</div><div>Our study adds to the existing literature by highlighting the complex relationship between nature exposure and adolescent mental health. It emphasizes a need for future investigations to adopt a life-course approach and further explore potential sex differences and intersections of adolescent social identities with the potential benefits of nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 122150"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of web-based behavioral intervention on fine particulate matter, pulmonary function, and airway inflammation in children: The COCOA randomized controlled trial","authors":"Dirga Kumar Lamichhane ,&nbsp;Bo-Mee Kim ,&nbsp;Jungyun Bae ,&nbsp;Hea Young Oh ,&nbsp;Dong In Suh ,&nbsp;Youn Ho Shin ,&nbsp;Kyung Won Kim ,&nbsp;Kangmo Ahn ,&nbsp;Hyo-Bin Kim ,&nbsp;Song-I Yang ,&nbsp;So-Yeon Lee ,&nbsp;Soo-Jong Hong ,&nbsp;Hwan-Cheol Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although web-based intervention programs are effective in changing health behavior, evidence of their effectiveness in relation to air pollution and respiratory health in children is lacking. We assessed the effects of web-based behavioral intervention on exposure to fine particulate matter (PM ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter [PM_2.5]), lung function, and airway inflammation in children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We randomized 80 mother-child pairs into intervention or control groups (two arms, 1:1 allocation). Personal and indoor PM_2.5 concentrations over a sampling period of 24 h up to four occasions during the study period were measured in participants' homes. We used linear mixed models to assess the intervention effects on PM_2.5 concentration, lung function parameters including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced-expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and forced-expiratory flow at 25–75 % (FEF_{25 %–75 %}), and the airway inflammation marker, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), as well as the association of PM_2.5 with lung function and airway inflammation. Quantile regression was also used to examine the effects of PM_2.5 exposure at different quantiles of the outcome distribution.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In comparison with the control group, the intervention group showed reduction in indoor and personal PM_2.5 concentrations by 20.5 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: −30.7, −8.9) and 12.9 % (95 % CI: −20.1, −5.1), respectively. Lung function parameters such as FVC, FEV1, and FEF_{25 %–75 %} were higher in the intervention group, with greater benefits observed for children at the lower end of these parameters. Higher levels of outdoor and personal PM_2.5 (≥90th percentile) were negatively associated with these lung function parameters at the lower quantiles, whereas the higher level of outdoor PM_2.5 concentration was positively associated with FeNO at the lower quantile.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The behavioral intervention reduced PM_2.5 concentration in the homes, which was linked to markers of lung function and airway inflammation in children, particularly at the lower quantiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 122200"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the pollution load index to evaluate rooftop harvested rainwater metal(loid) contamination in environmental justice communities","authors":"God'sgift N. Chukwuonye ,&nbsp;Kunal Palawat ,&nbsp;Robert A. Root ,&nbsp;Luz Imelda Cortez ,&nbsp;Theresa Foley ,&nbsp;Victoria Carella ,&nbsp;Charles Beck ,&nbsp;Mónica D. Ramírez-Andreotta","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water scarcity poses a significant public health crisis exacerbated by climate change-induced disruptions to freshwater sources. Rainwater harvesting offers a sustainable solution by harnessing rooftop runoff for domestic use. This study analyzed 577 rooftop-harvested rainwater (RHRW) samples from four Arizona, USA environmental justice communities and 162 control samples from five National Atmospheric Deposition Program wet-only deposition collection sites across Arizona. The samples were tested for metal(loid)s, and the pollution load index (PLI) and Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI) were used to assess contamination. The PLI was calculated for 11 known contaminants (As, Pb, Cd, Mn, Al, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Ba, and Be), with the highest contamination factor observed for Ni (1340). PLI levels ranged from 0.118 to 65.8, with the active mining community Globe-Miami showing the highest range (0.244–65.8). The PLI was significantly greater during the monsoon season than during the winter season for all the communities (p &lt; 0.05). Compared with urban communities (0.118–13.1), active mining communities (0.169–65.8) had higher PLI values. pH was positively correlated with PLI in Tucson (β = ln 0.27). In non-urban/rural mining communities, locations closer to potential contamination sources had higher PLI values (β = ln −0.33 to −0.38). However, in Tucson, the proximity relationship was less defined because of multiple potential contamination sources in urban areas. This study highlights the importance of using indices like PLI and NIPI to assess water quality; PLI reflects cumulative contamination burden, while NIPI contextualizes this burden within potential water uses. The strong positive correlation observed between PLI and <span>NIPI</span> across all use categories supports the validity of both indices and affirms utility. Together, they provide a nuanced understanding of pollution dynamics in RHRW and strengthen the case for public health interventions and ensuring the safety and sustainability of RHRW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 122187"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144339738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}