Environmental Research最新文献

{"title":"Assessing playgrounds ultraviolet radiation (UVR) environments in College Station, Texas: Creating UVR-safe environments for children","authors":"Wenwen Cheng ,&nbsp;Robert D. Brown ,&nbsp;Galen Newman","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The design of playground environments significantly influences children's exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR), which impacts long-term health. Excessive UVR exposure can lead to serious health issues such as skin cancer. Adequate UVR is crucial for vitamin D synthesis, which supports cardiovascular and skeletal development. This study evaluates the effectiveness of current playground designs in providing a healthy UVR environment by collecting 3-dimensional UVR measurements from eight playgrounds in College Station, Texas, across four seasons. We assessed UVR exposure based on two key metrics: the Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) and the Minimal Vitamin D Dose (MDD). Our findings reveal non-neglectable UVR from the southern sky, particularly during the fall and winter. Trees and a combination of artificial canopies and trees offer more uniform UVR protection compared to other shade structures. During summer, children in College Station face a high risk of excessive UVR exposure, potentially leading to sunburn or skin redness, even under artificial canopies. Conversely, in winter, children may receive insufficient UVR during a 1-h outdoor period, especially under central artificial shades. Based on these observations, we recommend several design solutions to enhance UVR protection, including site-specific UVR evaluations before design, the use of seasonally adjustable shade structures, and strategic planning of children's activities and exposure times according to seasonal and UVR conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 121803"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, ecology and health risk assessment of organophosphate triesters and diesters in surface and ground water from southwest of China","authors":"Tianyang Lan ,&nbsp;Li Zhao ,&nbsp;Jie Xiong ,&nbsp;Ruonan Wang ,&nbsp;Ping Yang ,&nbsp;Weiyi Sun ,&nbsp;Shijun Su ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Gan ,&nbsp;Zhiren Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of organophosphate triesters (OPEs) and organophosphate diesters (m-OPEs) in ground water is still unclear. To fill the blank, ground water samples in dry and wet seasons, surface river water and paired sediment samples were collected in Sichuan province and analyzed for 14 kinds of OPEs and 7 m-OPEs. Except <em>Trimethyl phosphate</em> was scarcely detected, the other OPEs were extensively found in aquatic environment. The concentrations of Ʃ₁₄OPEs and Ʃ₇m-OPEs ranged from 45.0 to 231 ng/L and from 1.25 to 62.3 ng/L in ground water and ranged from 2.20 to 1709 and from 0.08 to 35.5 ng/L in surface water, respectively. Compared to other reports, the pollution in Minjiang and Tuojiang river was at medium level. The concentration ratios and correlation analysis between OPEs and m-OPEs indicated that OPEs in ground water had three main sources, and m-OPEs mainly came from direct usage. Low ecological risk was found for surface water. The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of OPEs in surface and ground water via ingestion and dermal contact in moderate and high exposure scenarios were assessed, and results suggested the risks to human which mainly caused by <em>Tri(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate</em> could be negligible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 121868"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced iodide removal from aqueous solutions using 3D-printed PLA scaffold coated with Cu/Cu₂O nanoparticles.","authors":"Bokseong Kim, Yuri Park, Hyo-Won Kim, Jin-Ah Kim, Yuhoon Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.121835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In nuclear power plant accidents, radioactive iodine (¹²⁹I, ¹³¹I) can enter the environment, accumulate in the food chain, and pose significant health risks. We developed a novel scaffold using Cu/Cu₂O nanoparticles immobilized on a polylactic acid 3D-printed scaffold for efficient iodide removal. The PLA scaffold was fabricated using a fused deposition modeling 3D printer, then surface-modified for enhanced hydrophilicity and functionalized with carboxyl groups via hydrolysis and acrylic acid grafting. Cu/Cu₂O nanoparticles were immobilized on the modified surface. The adsorption capacity, determined using the Langmuir model, was 4.85 mg/g, and adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. The iodide removal mechanism was primarily driven by redox reactions between Cu(0), Cu(I) and iodide, leading to the formation of copper iodide (CuI), as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Importantly, the Cu/Cu₂O scaffold exhibited excellent structural stability during adsorption, with minimal copper leaching (<0.08 mg/L). Characterization of the Cu/Cu₂O scaffold using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis supported these results. The scaffold demonstrated high selectivity for iodide ions even with competing anions. The scaffold maintained its effectiveness across a wide pH range, and continuous column tests separately confirmed its suitability for practical applications in environmental remediation and wastewater treatment systems. In summary, we successfully fabricated a 3D-printed Cu/Cu₂O-PLA scaffold, demonstrated its efficient iodide removal performance, and elucidated the underlying redox-driven adsorption mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"121835"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-step synthesis of nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped biochar and its application in dye removal: synergistic effects of adsorption and peroxymonosulfate activation","authors":"Yixuan Shi ,&nbsp;Mingfeng Yin ,&nbsp;Dong Liu,&nbsp;Xingrui Gao,&nbsp;Xiao Liu,&nbsp;Tengteng Yang,&nbsp;Zuoping Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaohui Ji,&nbsp;Caibin Zhao,&nbsp;Xianzhao Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), the development of catalysts with environmental friendliness and economic benefits faces multiple difficulties, mainly reflected in the catalytic efficiency, selection specificity, and complexity of the synthesis process. This study, we reported a nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped carbon catalyst (CANP800-1) synthesized by a one-step pyrolysis method. The co-doped catalyst was able to achieve 100 % removal of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) in about 30 min and had a high apparent rate constant (<em>k</em>_<em>obs</em> = 0.125 min⁻¹), which is better than unmodified carbon and other single-doped comparative materials. Structural analyses pinpointed that N, P co-doped enhanced specific surface area (1179 m²/g), introduced abundant mesopores, and created a wealth of active sites (such as graphitic nitrogen, C-P bonds) synergistically promoting adsorption and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The CANP800-1/PMS system had significant adaptability to various water matrices, including pH, coexisting ions, natural organic matter, and real water conditions. A mechanistic investigation confirmed that singlet oxygen (¹O₂) was essential to the reaction process, while electrochemical studies and DFT simulations validated that N/P-induced enhancement of electron transfer and PMS adsorption took place. This study established an innovative metal-free catalytic system that exhibited remarkable effectiveness in sustainable water treatment, providing distinctive solutions and a theoretical basis for ongoing technical difficulties in industrial wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 121866"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from offshore oilfields and receiving water in China.","authors":"Yumeng Wang, Hong Chen, Qinghui Xing, Xuemei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.121865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are extensively utilized as oilfield production chemicals and aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) in oilfields. A comprehensive investigation was undertaken to analyze twenty per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), including three emerging PFASs in drill cuttings, slurry and produced water from offshore oilfields in three main sea areas of China. The investigation results were further compared with those in their receiving water. The concentration ranges of ΣPFASs in drill cuttings, slurry as well as produced water were 1049-3473 ng/g and 81.9 ng/L-2090 ng/L, respectively. In comparison, the concentrations range of PFASs in receiving water was 46.2-99.7 ng/L. Both sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) were identified as the predominant PFASs detected at elevated concentrations in drilling cuttings, slurry, and produced water, demonstrating their extensive utilization in such environments. HFPO-DA and OBS concentrations in produced water exceeded those in receiving water by 1-2 orders of magnitude. Principal component analysis (PCA) analyses revealed that the compositions of PFASs in the receiving water samples exhibited significant similarity to those in drill cuttings, slurry and produced water from oilfields. It was indicated that discharges from oilfields were the primary contributors of PFASs in their receiving water. In 60-96% of samples from produced water in the Bohai Sea and South China Sea oilfields, as well as receiving water adjacent to the Bohai Sea oilfields, the risk quotient (RQ) of HFPO-DA ranged 0.1-1, indicating moderate ecological risks to aquatic organisms. In contrast, legacy PFASs generally showed lower risk levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"121865"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-based carbon material for next- generation sodium-ion batteries: insights and SWOT evaluation.","authors":"Amritesh Kumar, Nidhi Arora, Shivam Rawat, Rakesh K Mishra, Aparna Deshpande, Srinivas Hotha, Thallada Bhaskar","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.121854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, energy storage has significantly transitioned from lithium to sodium ion due to sodium's abundance and economical and optimal redox potential. Biomass-based carbon anode materials are extensively studied in sodium-ion batteries because of their economic advantages and eco-sustainable approach. Their distinctive microstructural characteristics resulting in higher specific capacitance. The present review explores hard carbon and a few emerging sustainable materials derived from various biomass sources. It also covers their production, focusing on micro-structures, morphological defects, and heteroatom doping-related aspects. However, the sodium storage mechanism within carbon anodes, particularly hard carbon, is a subject of debate due to its diverse microstructural states in contrast to the specific layered structure of graphite. It also integrates strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities with threat evaluation by highlighting detailed insights about recent developments in hard carbon. This review also highlights bibliographic analysis through network visualization map of international research collaboration in the field of biomass based anode material for sodium ion battery. It also offers a cohesive framework for advancing biomass-derived hard carbon and other carbon materials as an independent or complementary anode material for next-generation sodium-ion batteries.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"121854"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constraining the Composition and Biochemical Activity of Organic Carbon in a Large Eutrophic Estuary using Size-Fractionated Analysis.","authors":"Zongqing Lv, Xiaotian Liu, Ding He, Xiangbin Ran, Yao Feng, Wenxuan Gao, Xiaosong Zhong, Nianzhi Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.121853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) can result in the misestimation of organic pollution, and documentation regarding the characteristics of organic carbon (OC) and its relationship with pollution is limited. This study employed physical separation, biological incubation, and chemical analysis to examine the size-fractionated composition and bioavailability of OC in the Yangtze River Estuary, one of the most polluted estuarine areas in China. Results revealed that OC chemical features were highly diverse, with RDOC constituting approximately 65.8% ± 9.2% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC). During incubation, less than 10% of CHO molecules (molecules composed solely of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms) identified by ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry were degraded. A significant positive linear relationship between OC and RDOC in size-fractionated OC indicated greater recalcitrance in smaller size fractions. The OC present in the >0.45 μm fraction was notably important for labile OC, including the particulate share of OC, which is relevant to chemical oxygen demand (COD) assessments. Excluding RDOC allows for a more accurate estimation of the contribution of labile OC to COD, as represented by the equation: COD_Labile = 0.47×COD_Bulk - 0.03. Approximately 0.44 ± 0.10 Gt of refractory OC, including 0.31 ± 0.07 Gt of RDOC, is transported annually into the ocean via rivers. This linear relationship of COD reveals an overestimation in current assessments of organic pollution and a neglect of RDOC`s role in carbon preservation, thereby necessitating a revision of the COD evaluation practices in estuaries. This study highlights the differentiated impacts of refractory and labile OC on the quantification of OC pollution in a large eutrophic estuary.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"121853"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144085536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of submerged and air liquid interface exposure: limitations and differences in the toxicological effects evaluated in bronchial epithelial cells","authors":"Y. Allouche ,&nbsp;S. Marchetti ,&nbsp;R. Bengalli ,&nbsp;G. Motta ,&nbsp;L. Pagliarulo ,&nbsp;F. Cazier ,&nbsp;S. Achard ,&nbsp;M. Fadel ,&nbsp;P. Mantecca ,&nbsp;D. Courcot ,&nbsp;F. Ledoux ,&nbsp;A. Verdin ,&nbsp;M. Gualtieri","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Airborne particulate matter (PM) is the primary environmental cause of death worldwide. The understanding of the toxicological mechanism has improved over the last decades, nonetheless now novel exposure systems allow the possibility to mimic the <em>in vivo</em> interaction between particles or particle constituents and lung cells. Here we report the results obtained after exposure to the organic extract of fine PM (PM_2.5-0.3) of the BEAS-2B cells cultured in submerged or at the air liquid interface (ALI) conditions. Deposition efficiency of both PM and its organic extract was followed. Cell viability, inflammatory responses and gene expression were then evaluated. The comparison of submerged vs ALI exposure revealed significant differences in the expression of specific genes such as <em>CYP1A1</em> and <em>NQO1</em> 6h after exposure and <em>CYP1B1</em> and <em>NFkB1</em> 24h post exposure. Also, the results demonstrate the importance of evaluating the efficiency of deposition of the treatment to avoid misinterpretation of the results. PM particles determined an extremely low deposition efficiency, making it impossible to use this particle for ALI exposure tests. Although biological results, such as gene expression, may vary between the two exposure approaches (submerged or ALI), the ALI exposure should be preferred as it is more representative of human exposure via the respiratory route.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 121856"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144072201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of bicarbonate on electro-bioremediation of phenanthrene-contaminated groundwater","authors":"Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Yue Liu,&nbsp;Rongrong Liu,&nbsp;Yiting Qiu,&nbsp;Bohan Zhang,&nbsp;Nannan Zhao,&nbsp;Ruo He","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electro-bioremediation under anaerobic conditions is an effective approach for refractory organic matter removal in groundwater. Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) is an inorganic carbon source and electron acceptor in groundwater, however, the influencing mechanism of HCO₃⁻ on pollutant removal of electro-bioremediation remains unclear. Herein, the effects of HCO₃⁻ concentration on electro-bioremediation of phenanthrene (PHE)-contaminated groundwater were investigated. HCO₃⁻ could facilitate the PHE degradation while an HCO₃⁻ concentration of higher than 1000 mg L⁻¹ had a significant inhibition effect. Among the HCO₃⁻ concentration of 100–5000 mg L⁻¹, the highest PHE degradation efficiency of 75.04–80.18 % was achieved in the electro-biochemical reactor with 500 mg L⁻¹ HCO₃⁻. The PHE removal efficiency was negatively correlated with the current density during the electro-bioremediation process, due to the effect of HCO₃⁻ concentrations on the electrolyte conductivity in the reactors. The electro-bioremediation process could increase the richness of diversity of microbes. <em>Methanomethylovorans</em> and the PHE-degrading bacteria including <em>Pelolinea</em>, <em>Clostridium sensu stricto</em> 5, <em>Diaphorobacter, Methyloversatilis</em> and <em>Flavobacterium</em> were the main microbes involved in PHE degradation. Of them, <em>Methanomethylovorans</em> was significantly positively correlated with the PHE removal efficiency. The potential metabolic function analysis revealed that the bacterial chemotaxis, flagellar assembly, carbohydrate metabolism and ABC transporters were prompted with the addition of HCO₃⁻, while they were inhibited with the increasing HCO₃⁻ concentration. These findings suggested that electro-bioremediation technology was suitable for the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as PHE-contaminated groundwater in low bicarbonate areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 121859"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in tobacco leaves across China: Spatial distribution, sources and exposure risk assessment","authors":"Baolin Liu ,&nbsp;Sixu Liu ,&nbsp;Junjie Li ,&nbsp;Xinyu Ma ,&nbsp;Yong Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.121855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic mulch is widely used in tobacco cultivation, resulting in the release and transfer of organophosphate esters (OPEs) into tobacco leaves. Herein, 44 samples of tobacco leaves were collected from 18 provinces of China in 2023. The total concentrations of 8 OPEs (∑₈OPEs) were in range of 12.6 ng g⁻¹ - 402 ng g⁻¹ dry weight (dw). Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) was the predominant OPE detected from all the tobacco samples with a mean of 51.2 ng g⁻¹ dw. OPEs with high water solubility were more likely to accumulate in tobacco leaves. High ∑₈OPEs in tobacco leaves was observed in eastern and middle China. OPEs were primarily derived from the release of plastic mulch (86.8 %) and atmospheric precipitation (13.2 %). The hazard index of 7 OPEs in each leaf sample was far less than 1, posing a negligible non-cancer risk. Besides, the carcinogenic hazard indexes of TCEP, tributyl phosphate (TNBP) and tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (TEHP) were less than 1 × 10⁻⁶, suggesting a low cancer risk of these OPEs. The present study firstly provides new perspectives on the occurrence, sources and risks of OPEs in tobacco leaves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"279 ","pages":"Article 121855"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}