Environmental Research最新文献

{"title":"An All-Natural Cellulose Fiber Filter Developed for High Recovery Sampling and In Vitro Toxicity Assessment of PM_2.5.","authors":"Wenqian Li, Xuewen Guo, Meifei Wang, Miaomiao Gu, Xin Hu, Lili Yang, Hong-Zhen Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.126128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.126128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) poses growing threats to human health and environment, and filter sampling and exposure approaches are crucial to assess the toxic effects of PM_2.5. However, existing filter-based methods, often associated with non-degradable filters, suffer from low recovery rate and time-consuming. Cellulose-based filters have mainly focused on particle removal and often require chemical modification or complex fabrication, with limited capacity for efficient PM_2.5 recovery. Herein, we developed an environmentally friendly cellulose fiber-based filter for high-performance PM_2.5 collection and efficient recovery. The filter, featuring a three-dimensional fibrous network, was fabricated from jute pulp fibers via a simple paper-making process combined with freeze-drying technique. The jute filter possessed outstanding filtration performance (81.55%-99.41%) for particulate matter with various sizes rating at a pressure drop of 216.8 Pa. Compared to conventional polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filters, the jute filter expectably provided higher PM_2.5 recovery rate (94.25%-96.37%), and the PM_2.5 recovered by jute filter exhibited higher oxidative potential, and induced greater cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner to murine macrophages. Importantly, the filter can be easily degraded through burying in natural soil within a short period. Overall, this work introduces an efficient jute fiber-based tool for PM_2.5 sampling, recovery, and in vitro toxicity assessment, offering a practical and sustainable solution to conventional methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"126128"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149369768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outdoor Air pollution Exposure and Epigenetic Age from birth to adolescence - a multi-cohort study.","authors":"Irene Fontes Marques, Mónica López-Vicente, Ana Gonçalves Soares, Wen Lun Yuan, Rossella Alfano, Susanna Pätsi, Siddhartha Das, Maximillian Oppermann, Sandra Andrusaityte, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Mariona Bustamante, Audrius Dedele, Regina Gražulevičienė, Manolis Kogevinas, Dries S Martens, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Euripides G Stephanou, Justiina Ronkainen, Matthew Suderman, Stine M Ulven, Tim S Nawrot, Nicholas J Timpson, Barbara Heude, Sylvain Sebert, Mònica Guxens, Janine F Felix","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.126058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.126058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Outdoor air pollution has been associated with several adverse health outcomes in early life, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We examined the associations of outdoor air pollution exposure with epigenetic age from birth to adolescence in a multi-cohort setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 4166 participants during pregnancy, 1531 in early childhood (4-7 years), 1748 participants in late childhood (8-10 years), and 2546 during adolescence (16-18 years). Outdoor air pollution exposures (NO₂, NO_X, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and black carbon) were estimated at participants' home addresses using harmonized land-use regression models, and averaged across three exposure periods: pregnancy, recent (year prior to DNA methylation measurement), and lifetime (from birth until DNA methylation measurement). DNA methylation was measured in cord or peripheral blood, and epigenetic age was estimated using Bohlin's and Horvath's Skin and Blood clocks. Cohort-specific linear regression models results were combined in fixed-effects inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Outdoor air pollution exposures were not associated with epigenetic age at birth or in childhood. In adolescence, a 10 μg/m³ increase in lifetime NO₂ exposure was associated with an 84-day higher epigenetic age (β = 0.23 years; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.39), which was significant after adapted Bonferroni correction. Additional positive associations were observed only in exploratory sensitivity analyses among participants unexposed to smoking.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While most associations were null, we found lifetime exposure to NO₂ to be associated with higher epigenetic age in adolescence. Exploratory findings from sensitivity analyses warrant further investigation. Future studies should assess whether epigenetic age mediates the health impacts of air pollution or serves as a biomarker of exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"126058"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149369770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aniline Biodegradation and Nitrogen Removal by Salt-Tolerant Pseudomonas sp. H1: Performance and Potential Mechanisms of Catechol-Mediated Enhancement.","authors":"Ziyan Zha, Yale Ren, Feng Chen, Chaojun Yu, Lecheng Lei, Zhongjian Li, Hui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.126131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.126131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Industrial wastewater containing salts, nitrogen, and aromatic pollutants presents challenges for biological treatment. Although salt-tolerant microorganisms have shown potential for nitrogen removal and aromatic pollutant degradation, their functional versatility and the effects of co-substrates on pollutant biodegradation remain insufficiently understood. Here, we investigated the aniline degradation and nitrogen removal capabilities of salt-tolerant Pseudomonas sp. H1, with particular emphasis on catechol-mediated enhancement of aniline biodegradation. Strain H1 degraded only 9.11% of aniline (200 mg⋅L^-1) within 60 h as sole substrate, but the degradation rate approached 100% within 24 h with catechol as co-substrate. Moreover, the strain tolerated high salinity (20-60 g⋅L^-1 NaCl), achieving a maximum average NH₄⁺-N removal rate of 10.98 mg⋅L^-1⋅h^-1. Whole-genome sequencing, nitrogen balance analysis, and enzyme activity assays supported ammonium assimilation as an important nitrogen removal pathway. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differential expression of genes associated with antioxidant defense, carbon metabolism, and aromatic compound degradation under catechol-supplemented conditions, suggesting potential transcriptional responses associated with enhanced aniline biodegradation. These findings demonstrate that catechol supplementation can substantially improve aniline biodegradation by a salt-tolerant bacterium with nitrogen removal capability, providing a basis for the potential application of strain H1 in saline wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"126131"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149369769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-atom catalysis steers polymerization pathways in water treatment: from atomic-level mechanisms to low-carbon engineering.","authors":"Sen Feng, Wenqian Wu, Dan Sheng, Qiugen Zhang, Haojie Chen, Jiajie Wang, Yuqi Zhu, Xinyu Liu, Gaoxia Zhang, Suhua Chen, Hongda Liu, Ziwei Wang, Xubiao Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.126104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.126104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unlike mineralization, polymerization pathways can convert wastewater pollutants into recoverable solid polymers, cutting oxidant use and carbon emissions while recovering carbon. Single-atom catalysts (SACs), featuring atomically dispersed metal centers, tunable coordination environments, and maximal atomic utilization, are ideal for steering polymerization pathways. Although research on SACs in polymerization pathways continues to advance, a multi scale framework that systematically integrates their electronic structure design with engineering applications is still lacking. To fill this gap, this review presents such a framework across microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales. At the microscopic level, d-band center, spin-state, and coordination microenvironment are regulated to confine reactive species within the polymerization-favorable thermodynamic window. From a mesoscopic perspective, nanoconfinement, forced convection, and multi active site synergy overcome mass transfer and radical-collision bottlenecks. As for a macroscopic level, reactor scale up, polymer product separation/recovery, resource utilization, and economic assessment are discussed. This review provides theoretical guidance and design principles for advancing SACs driven polymerization pathways from fundamental research toward low-carbon water treatment technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"126104"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149369771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follicular-fluid neonicotinoid exposure and endometriosis: associations with reproductive outcomes and metabolic remodeling.","authors":"Ziyu Liu, Xin Zhao, Hao Shi, Jiawen Liu, Wenrui Jiang, Qi Gan, Xiaoyan Liang, Xing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.126125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.126125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) are emerging environmental contaminants, but their presence and reproductive relevance in the human follicular microenvironment remain poorly understood. We quantified 16 NEOs and metabolites in follicular fluid from 174 infertile women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART), including 63 women with endometriosis and 111 controls. Associations with endometriosis and ART outcomes were assessed using single-analyte regression and mixture models. Untargeted metabolomics was performed in a nested subset of 40 women. NEOs were widely detected in follicular fluid, with N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (N-dm-ACE) showing the highest detection frequency. Each twofold increase in N-dm-ACE concentration was associated with higher odds of prevalent endometriosis (adjusted OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.38-2.32), and N-dm-ACE was consistently prioritized in mixture analyses. Several NEOs were also associated with adverse ART outcomes, including fewer mature oocytes, fewer two-pronuclear zygotes, and lower pregnancy odds, with stronger patterns among women with endometriosis. Metabolomic profiling identified 324 features differing between women with and without endometriosis at nominal P < 0.05, of which 54 remained significant after false discovery rate correction. Integrated exposure-metabolome analysis identified 47 features showing nominal associations with both N-dm-ACE and endometriosis. These findings identify cross-sectional associations between follicular-fluid NEO concentrations and existing endometriosis, alongside exploratory metabolic signatures involving lipid- and nucleotide-related features. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify their temporal and biological relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"126125"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deuterium at environmentally relevant concentrations modulates metabolite production and protein synthesis in Chlorella sp.","authors":"Jiangchen Liu, Shengyi Shen, Junyu Han, Hanyu Fan, Jun Chen, Ganyu Feng, Changwei Hu, Juan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.126127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.126127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural aquatic ecosystems exhibit substantial fluctuations in water deuterium concentrations. However, the physiological and molecular responses of microalgae to deuterium concentrations within the range of environmental baselines remain poorly characterized. In this study, Chlorella sp. was cultured for 8 days in deuterium-depleted water (DDW, 75 ppm), natural deuterium control water (150 ppm), and moderately deuterium-enriched water (DEW, 195 ppm). Chlorophyll fluorescence assays showed that DDW improved photosynthetic efficiency and promoted algal biomass accumulation, with the effect evident by day 8. By contrast, DEW initially stimulated photosynthetic activity but later caused severe inhibition of Photosystem II (PSII). Untargeted metabolomics revealed 374 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in response to DDW exposure, alongside widespread upregulation of lipid and energy metabolism pathways. Under DEW exposure, the number of DAMs was substantially lower, with only 114 identified, and amino acid and nucleotide metabolism was suppressed. Quantitative proteomics indicated that DDW induced mild remodeling of proteins involved in cytoskeletal organization and cell division, whereas DEW triggered extensive changes in the proteome associated with DNA damage repair. Isotope quantification of culture media showed bidirectional net hydrogen-deuterium (H-D) exchange between microalgae and the surrounding water: algae released deuterium into DDW media and assimilated deuterium under DEW conditions. Linoleic acid metabolism was consistently suppressed under both DDW and DEW treatments compared with the control. These findings indicate that environmentally relevant deuterium fluctuations can modulate microalgal photosynthesis, metabolism, and proteostasis, thereby providing a basis for interpreting hydrogen isotope biogeochemical cycling in freshwater ecosystems. Whether such effects can be exploited for industrial metabolite production remains to be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"126127"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient fine particulate matter and asthma emergency visits in Lima, Peru: Does Residential Proximity to Major Roads Matter?","authors":"José A Espinoza-Guillen, Laura Nicolaou, Stella M Hartinger, Diego Fano-Sizgorich, N Kyle Steenland, Hernando Torres, Andres G Lescano, William Checkley","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.126120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.126120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Living near major roads may increase the short-term effects of ambient PM_2.5 exposure on asthma exacerbations. We evaluated whether residential proximity to major roads modifies the association between ambient PM_2.5 and asthma emergency department (ED) visits in Lima, Peru.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed asthma ED visits from 10 public hospitals in Lima (2017-2023) using a time-stratified case-crossover design. We used a high-resolution (1×1 km) multi-source model to assign daily mean PM_2.5, temperature, and relative humidity to geocoded residences. We classified residential proximity to major roadways (>75^th percentile of traffic volume) by distance thresholds from 100 to 500 m. Using conditional logistic regression with distributed lag non-linear models, we estimated lag-specific and cumulative associations and tested for effect modification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 75,602 asthma ED visits (mean age 16.2 years; 50.7% male) matched to 258,120 control-days. PM_2.5 was associated with higher odds of ED visits across lags 0-15 days, with the strongest lag-specific association at lag 0. The exposure-response relationship was steeper at lower PM_2.5 concentrations. At lag 0, an increase in PM_2.5 from 5 to 15 μg/m³ was associated with 9% higher odds of an ED visit (OR=1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.16). Cumulative associations over lags 0-15 days were higher among residents living within 400 m of a major roadway (OR=4.02, 95% CI 1.97-8.19) than among those living at ≥400 m (OR=1.66, 95% CI 0.81-3.38; interaction p-value=0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Short-term increases in ambient PM_2.5 were associated with higher odds of asthma ED visits, with a steeper exposure-response relationship at lower concentrations and effects accumulating over the preceding 15 days. Associations were consistently stronger among residents living within pre-specified proximity thresholds to major roadways, supporting a pattern compatible with effect modification.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"126120"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Artificial Light at Night with Multi-Organ Biological Aging: Epidemiological Evidence from a Middle-Aged and Elderly Urban Population.","authors":"Yujia Bao, Chengyue Li, Jiawei Gu, Shenghao Yuan, Hongxuan Wu, Lefei Han, Chen Shen, Xiaobei Deng, Tianlang Tong, Jinjun Ran","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.126111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.126111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Organ systems age asynchronously, and disruptions of circadian timing may drive coordinated organ-specific decline. Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a pervasive perturbation that may contribute to socioeconomic gradients in biological aging. Yet its contribution to systemic, multi-organ aging remains poorly characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Long-term ALAN exposure (2006-2010) for 37,323 urban UK Biobank participants was evaluated from a cross-calibrated, 500 m NPP-VIIRS-like nighttime-light dataset. Organ-specific biological aging across 11 systems was quantified using organ-enriched plasma proteins and a composite proteomic age gap. Associations of ALAN with organ-specific age gaps were estimated using multivariable linear regression through modeling. Dose-response relationships were evaluated using natural cubic splines with three degrees of freedom. Subgroup analyses by age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), societal aging, and urbanization level were conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher ALAN exposure was associated with accelerated aging in several organ systems. In categorical analyses, the strongest association was observed for the brain (β=0.21, 95% CI: 0.08-0.33), followed by the intestine (high vs. low: β=0.15, 95% CI: 0.04-0.26) and pancreas (β=0.09, 95% CI: 0.01-0.18). Dose-response revealed significant monotonic increases, particularly for brain and pancreas aging. Lung, intestine, and adipose aging were stronger among males, and the effect modification by SES was limited to kidney aging (all FDR -adjusted P for interaction<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Long-term ALAN exposure is associated with accelerated proteomic aging in specific organ systems, most consistently the brain, pancreas, and intestine. These findings identify ALAN as a modifiable environmental factor that warrants further investigation in longitudinal and intervention studies to determine whether reducing ALAN exposure can promote healthy aging and reduce socially patterned differences in aging vulnerability.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"126111"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation and dementia mortality in Canadian nuclear power plant workers\" Frangione, B. et al. Environmental Research, 124067 April 2026.","authors":"J T Smith, M Alferez Calvo","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.126105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.126105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"126105"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymer-specific stimulation of sulfide and methane production by microplastics in sewer biofilm.","authors":"Haixiao Guo, Zhu Li, Yiming Li, Lan Mu, Suwan Dai, Jiaqi Hou, Yanying He, Yufen Wang, Tingting Zhu, Yindong Tong, Bing-Jie Ni, Yiwen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.126124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.126124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microplastics (MPs) in wastewater elicit unintended impacts on bio-processes. However, little information is available regarding the response of sewer biofilm to MPs. This work clarifies how three structurally distinct MPs (i.e., polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polyamide 6 (PA6)) at 500 μg/L within the reported wastewater range influence sulfide and methane production in sewer biofilm during long-term exposure and after cessation of external MP addition. Results showed all MPs increased the sulfidogenic activity relative to the control, with PVC exhibiting the greatest increase (33.3 ± 1.8%), followed by PA6 (23.7 ± 6.2%) and PET (16.0 ± 2.4%). PET uniquely increased methane production (21.3 ± 3.9%, p < 0.01), while PVC and PA6 showed no significant effect. Critically, these enhanced activities persisted after terminating external MP addition, indicating that the functional effects of long-term MP exposure can extend into the post-dosing phase. Genetically determined EPS restructuring enabled sewer biofilm defense against MPs, with enhanced secretion and hydrophobic component binding forming protective barriers against both MPs and associated chemical stress. The pronounced sulfidogenic response under PVC exposure coincided with increased humic-substance content and electron transport system activity, suggesting that alterations in the extracellular redox environment contributed to sulfate reduction. PET-specific methanogenesis was closely associated with elevated F₄₂₀ activity and greater acetate-associated metabolic potential. Additionally, microbial community restructuring revealed a substrate-focused adaptation characterized by increased representation of hydrolytic/acidogenic populations and enhanced upstream substrate-processing potential. Collectively, these results indicate that MPs alter sewer sulfur and carbon transformations through polymer-dependent changes across extracellular, microbial, and metabolic levels. This study underscores the pervasive presence of MPs in wastewater as a concealed threat that aggravates corrosion and greenhouse gas emission in sewer systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"126124"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149357022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}