Environmental Research最新文献

{"title":"Evolution of soil organic matter pools during Martian regolith terraforming, with a focus on organo-Fe (oxyhydr)oxide interactions","authors":"Beatrice Giannetta ,&nbsp;Antonio G. Caporale ,&nbsp;Danilo Olivera de Souza ,&nbsp;Paola Adamo ,&nbsp;Claudio Zaccone","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The poor fertility of Martian regolith, due to its lack of organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N), limits its suitability as a plant substrate. While compost amendment enhances short-term fertility, the mechanisms underlying long-term OM stabilization, particularly through interactions with iron (Fe) minerals, remain poorly understood. This study explores OM fractionation and Fe mineral transformations in Mojave Mars Simulant (MMS-1), both pure (R100) and amended with compost (R70C30), across two consecutive cropping cycles (potato followed by <em>Vicia faba</em>).</div><div>Following <em>Vicia faba</em> cultivation, total C increased 12-fold in R70C30 (18.8 g kg⁻¹) compared to R100 (1.6 g kg⁻¹), with a 140 % increase in amended and 90 % in pure regolith relative to post-potato levels. Both particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) also increased substantially: POM-C rose 7-fold, while MAOM-C increased by 947 %, suggesting the formation of organo-mineral complexes. MAOM also exhibited a 447 % rise in total N and the lowest C/N ratio (∼9), consistent with more microbially processed and stabilized OM.</div><div>Fe speciation via Fe K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) revealed compost-driven enrichment of ferrihydrite and hematite, with distinct mineral profiles across POM and MAOM fractions. EXAFS further identified lepidocrocite and magnetite, phases undetected by XANES, highlighting the complementary role of reactive and crystalline Fe minerals in stabilizing OM in mineral matrices.</div><div>These findings underscore the potential of organic amendments and leguminous crops to promote biologically functional, nutrient-rich substrates from Martian regolith simulants, offering critical insights for <em>in situ</em> resource utilization in space agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122362"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by designed and indigenous consortium: efficiencies and dynamic behavior","authors":"Shuibo Xie ,&nbsp;Jiali Wang ,&nbsp;Guohua Wang ,&nbsp;Chenxu Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Song ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Zhitao Dong ,&nbsp;Pingli Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was conducted to investigate whether selected microbes with specific functions are comparable or even superior to indigenous consortium (IC) in the microbial uranium reduction process and to detect the immobilization mechanisms of U(VI) with different microbial consortia. Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (FeRB), sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and nitrate-reducing bacteria (NRB) were employed to construct a designed consortium (DC), and the IC was obtained from natural samples. The results showed that the uranium-reducing ratio of the DC was higher (52.69 %) than that of the IC (35.65 %) after 34 days, although the uranium removal ratio with IC (98.75 %) was slightly higher than that of the DC (95.75 %). In both the DC and IC groups, uranium was first adsorbed onto the cell surface in the first few days, then sulfate and uranium were reduced simultaneously after depletion of nitrate, and finally labile U species transformed into stable form (e.g UO₂) over time. This work refined our understanding of the construction of highly efficient uranium-reducing microbes and provided insight into strengthening strategies for treating uranium-contaminated groundwater <em>in situ</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122364"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term changes in Chernobyl 137Cs inventories in a small agricultural catchment explored from complex resampling campaign","authors":"Maksim M. Ivanov ,&nbsp;Anna Usacheva ,&nbsp;Nadezhda Ivanova ,&nbsp;Valentin Golosov","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A resampling campaign was carried out in a small agricultural area within the Chernobyl-affected region of the Central Russian Upland to monitor long-term changes in ¹³⁷Cs contamination and sediment redistribution. Integral soil sampling was carried out on the cultivated slopes, and a depth incremental procedure was used at the bottom of the dry valley. The sampling points ware located in 2024 based on the original study conducted in 1997. The results showed that over the past 27 years, the ¹³⁷Cs inventory at the studied points had increased on average. The most significant changes occurred in the footslope, where surface runoff concentration occurs. The observed increase in ¹³⁷Cs inventory may indicate a bias in the assessment associated with the location of points, primarily along the flow lines, where the intensive intra-slope accumulation occurs, in conditions of a tendency to decrease runoff as a result of snowmelt. The ¹³⁷Cs vertical distribution in sediment redeposited in the dry valley bottom suggests that the sediment and particulate ¹³⁷Cs transfer from cultivated slopes has decreased since the 1990th, but the pattern of accumulation zones remains unchanged. It is argued that complex re-sampling can serve as an effective tool for assessing the current trends in sediment redistribution but faces with serious limitations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122370"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polychlorinated biphenyl pollution as an unintentional major contaminant in the Pearl River Delta, China","authors":"Hongbing Wang,&nbsp;Chenglong Wei,&nbsp;Guowei Fu,&nbsp;Daheng Zhang,&nbsp;Miao Fu,&nbsp;Junyi Jiang,&nbsp;Yue Long,&nbsp;Yanwei Song","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The highly industrialized Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in China serves as a critical region for Polychlorinated biphenyls(PCB)contamination research. Despite its prominence, previous studies have predominantly focused on conventional PCB congeners, with no comprehensive investigation encompassing all 209 PCB congeners conducted to date.This study provides a detailed analysis of the distribution, composition, and sources of the 209 PCB congeners in the PRD. The results reveal that the concentration of ∑209PCBs ranges from 34 to 5218 ng/kg, with an average of 1372 ± 1417 ng/kg. The PCB composition is dominated by 2Cl congeners, followed by 5Cl, with all other congeners contributing less than 10 %. The identified primary sources of PCBs include terrestrial input such as rainfall runoff (67.3 %), sewage treatment(10.25 %), organic pigment production and emissions (8.54 %), and unintentional emissions (4.01 %). Over the past 40 years (1980–2017), PCB concentrations in the study area have generally increased, peaking in 2017 before experiencing a sharp decline in 2021. Additionally, the composition of PCBs has shifted from predominantly 4Cl to 2Cl, primarily due to a reduction in e-waste imports. The study shows that non-technical PCBs now account for 57.68 %, indicating that unintentional emissions have become a major pollution source. The main environmental factors influencing PCB concentration changes are the volume of e-waste imports and industrial wastewater discharge. Currently, the potential ecological risk of PCB pollution in the PRD is relatively low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122369"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical characterization and human health risk assessment of arsenic in soils of a high background area (Lori region, Armenia)","authors":"Zhenya Poghosyan ,&nbsp;Moritz Bigalke ,&nbsp;Astghik Gevorgyan ,&nbsp;Lilit Sahakyan ,&nbsp;Gevorg Tepanosyan","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adverse effects of arsenic (As) on human health highlight the importance of studying As concentrations, distribution patterns, and behavior in the environment, especially in regions with naturally elevated As levels. This study presents an integrated geochemical and spatial analysis of As in the soils of the Lori region (Armenia), a historically industrialized area with known mining influence. The goal of this study is to investigate the spatial distribution of As, identify its potential origin, unveil its geochemical associations with other major and trace elements, and assess As-associated health risk. Using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, concentrations of As, along with Cr, V, Ti, Zn, Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ba, and Pb were analyzed in diverse soil types of the region. The mean As levels in the region exceeded the Upper Continental Crust and global soil averages by 3.6 and 3.1 times, respectively. Among the studied soil types, Acrisols exhibited a relatively high coefficient of variation (&gt;60 %, reaching 76 %). The contamination was localized and primarily linked to mining and industrial emissions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering revealed a geochemical association of As with Zn and Pb covering the central and northern part of the region, near Pb and Zn mining sites. These results suggest that elevated As levels result from a superposition of natural geological and anthropogenic input. Three baseline values of As were established, which can serve as reference points for long-term environmental monitoring. Furthermore, a health risk assessment indicates a non-carcinogenic risk for children at three locations and a precautionary level lifetime carcinogenic risk (10⁻⁶–10⁻⁴) across the entire region for both males and females. The study results provide valuable baseline geochemical data for future comparative studies. The integrated approach used in this study offers a replicable framework for studying other high-background or contaminated areas globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122356"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144658002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first report of load and congener group profile of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) in mackerel icefish Champsocephalus gunnari and painted notie Nototheniops larseni at South Georgia, Antarctic during winter","authors":"Shi Qiu ,&nbsp;Guoping Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Short-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs), as a class of emerging persistent organic pollutants, with the capabilities of persistence, bioaccumulation, and long-distance transmissibility, listed in the <em>Stockholm Convention</em>, have received widespread attention in recent years. The study on SCCPs in Antarctica biota, however, are extremely limited, especially during the winter. In this study, we therefore for the first time examined SCCPs in two fish species, mackerel icefish <em>Champsocephalus gunnari</em> and painted notie <em>Nototheniops larseni</em>, with different life-history patterns but of both ecological importance at South Georgia during austral winter. No significant difference was observed in the SCCPs concentrations measured by dry weight (dw), which were 280.73 ± 61.55 ng/g dw for <em>C. gunnari</em> and 280.06 ± 61.78 ng/g dw for <em>N. larseni</em>, while the SCCPs concentrations by lipid weight showed significant interspecific difference. The chain length of SCCPs was closely related to their concentrations in Antarctic biota, with an overall tendency of higher levels with shorter chain lengths. The C10 congeners of <em>C. gunnari</em> were significantly higher than the others.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122371"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VOCs emission from landfills co-disposed of rural solid waste and sewage sludge: Identification, diffusion, and impact","authors":"Tong Gao ,&nbsp;Chen Wang ,&nbsp;Fengguang Chai ,&nbsp;Tianlong Zheng ,&nbsp;Lin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from landfills are significant contributors to air pollution, attracting considerable attention. In this study, we investigated VOCs emission from a landfill located in a dry, cold region of Northwest China, where residual sludge from a sewage plant was utilized as a cover material for waste. A total of 43 VOCs were detected, with concentrations ranging from 0.58 to 412.15 mg/m³ for each single VOC, predominantly comprising aromatic and oxygenated compounds. Elevated VOCs concentration was observed in both the covered area and work area, with aromatic (71 %) and chlorinated compounds (76 %) at the downwind site boundary primarily originating from the landfill. Seven priority control pollutants were identified using the fuzzy composite evaluation method. Their diffusion behavior was simulated using the Gaussian plume model, and their chronic toxicity and carcinogenic risks were assessed utilizing Environmental Protection Agency recommended techniques. Styrene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene, and toluene exhibited principal ozone generation potential, whereas toluene and benzene contributed most to secondary aerosol generation. VOCs pollution was more severe within 500 m in the downwind direction, posing chronic toxicity and carcinogenic risks within 430 m. It is recommended to cover the area that is not temporarily landfilled with air tightness materials, such as HDPE film, to prevent the dispersion of VOCs. This investigation provides insights for developing effective measures to mitigate health risks and secondary pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122361"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial-mediated CH4 and CO2 emissions and environmental controls in the fluvial sediment across hydrological seasons","authors":"Panpan Cui ,&nbsp;Fangli Su ,&nbsp;Yunlong Zheng ,&nbsp;Lijuan Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluvial sediments are recognized as critical sources of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. However, the interactions between microbial communities and carbon emissions in these sediments remain poorly understood. This study investigated carbon fluxes at the water-air interface in the mainstream of the Liao River, integrating environmental parameters and microbial communities within sediments to elucidate seasonal differences in carbon cycling mechanisms. The results highlighted the wet season as a hot period for CH₄ and CO₂ emissions, with fluxes in the lower reach (CH₄: 78.6 ± 55.79 mg m⁻²·d⁻¹; CO₂: 4.82 ± 1.59 g m⁻²·d⁻¹) notably exceeding those in other sections. During the wet season, Pseudomonadota (recently reclassified from Proteobacteria) predominated, whereas Acidobacteriota and Cyanobacteriota showed substantial increases in relative abundance by 41.87 % and 83.60 %, respectively, in the dry season. <em>Methanoregula</em> and <em>Methanospirillum</em> were significantly enriched in the lower reach (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with their abundance positively correlating with CH₄ fluxes (<em>r</em> = 0.75). <em>Methylocaldum</em> reached peak abundance in the midstream (34.00 ± 35.61 %) and exhibited a significant correlation with CO₂ fluxes (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.03). Structural equation modeling revealed that water parameters (standardized path coefficient = 1.45) were the primary factors influencing carbon fluxes during the wet season, whereas microbial-environmental interactions diminished in the dry season. This study offers microbiological insights into the river carbon cycle's response to hydrological changes and elucidates the microbial-driven mechanisms that make urbanized downstream areas hotspots for carbon emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122363"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing pilot plant flux by harnessing loach metabolism to overcome biocake steric hindrance","authors":"Jialong Chen,&nbsp;Jiawei Liang,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Yang,&nbsp;Nuo Cheng,&nbsp;Longfeng Hu,&nbsp;Han Zhang,&nbsp;Guibai Li,&nbsp;Xiaobin Tang,&nbsp;Heng Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reservoir water, characterized by its superior quality, represents a valuable water resource. However, the release of metal-organic matter complexes such iron and manganese, induced by rainfall, typhoons, and similar events, constrains its utilization. In this study, gravity-driven membrane (GDM) was employed to treat deep reservoir water, and it was observed that metal-organic matter complexes adversely affected the stable flux of the system (by approximately 5 %), leading to a “steric hindrance” phenomenon during the maturation of the biocake layer. By introducing loaches into the membrane tank, the stable flux during the system's long-term operation was maintained, with improvements of 11.6 %, 9.55 %, and 1.4 % respectively. SEM and optical microscopy indicated that the surface composition and morphology of the biocake in the loach-added experimental group underwent significant changes. In the experimental group with an increased dosage of loaches, the surface particles were smaller and more dispersed, which significantly reduced the filtration resistance of the biocake. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of functional bacteria (<em>Citrobacter</em>, <em>Comamonas</em>, etc.) in the microbial community of the experimental group's cake layer increased significantly, ensuring a reduction in biocake thickness while maintaining water treatment efficiency. The analysis of eukaryotic organisms in the experimental and control groups revealed that incorporating loaches strengthened biological predation within the membrane pool. This accelerated the turnover of bacteria and other microorganisms within the biocake, while maintaining the cellular viability of the functional bacteria. It offers an entirely new approach to sustaining stable flux in the deployment of GDM technology for distributed water supply.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122367"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic oxidation of ammonia using copper-mediated phosphotungstic acid intercalated sulfonated bentonite for sustainable eutrophication control: A case study from Lake Qarun","authors":"Mostafa Gaber Refaai ,&nbsp;Hassan A. Rudayni ,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Allam ,&nbsp;Mostafa R. Abukhadra ,&nbsp;Mahmoud S.M. Abdel Wahed","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a novel photocatalyst—copper-mediated phosphotungstic acid intercalated acidified bentonite (Cu@PTA/SB)—for the efficient oxidation of ammonia in both synthetic aqueous solutions and eutrophic natural waters. The catalyst was synthesized by sulfonating carbonaceous bentonite, followed by intercalation of phosphotungstic acid and in situ deposition of copper nanoparticles. Physicochemical characterization confirmed a stable mesoporous structure with a surface area of 72.26 m²/g and average pore diameter of 8.25 nm, enhancing adsorption capacity and redox activity. In synthetic ammonium solutions, the catalyst demonstrated significant efficiency, achieving ammonia removal rates of 88.4 %, 81.3 %, 70.5 %, and 58.3 % for 10–30 mg/L concentrations using 0.02 g under visible light. Increasing the dosage to 0.04 g enabled complete removal (100 %) of 10 and 15 mg/L ammonia within 120 min at pH 9. Kinetic analysis showed that the oxidation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics at lower concentrations (R² = 0.996, k₁ = 0.01823 min⁻¹), while higher concentrations followed pseudo-second-order behavior due to surface saturation. Quantum yield declined with increasing ammonia, confirming optimal photonic efficiency under moderate loading. In real water from eutrophic Lake Qarun (NH₄⁺ = 5.6 mg/L, pH 8.5), the catalyst achieved 65.6 % removal in the first cycle and 98.3 % cumulative reduction after two cycles, reaching a final concentration of 0.03 mg/L—well below WHO and EPA thresholds. The synergistic redox behavior of cupper and tungsten enhanced oxidizing species generation, while the sulfonated bentonite ensured pollutant accessibility and catalyst dispersion. These results demonstrate the catalyst's practical potential for sustainable, low-cost nutrient removal, offering an effective approach for eutrophication mitigation, aquatic life protection, and water quality restoration in polluted freshwater systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122351"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}