Environmental Research最新文献

{"title":"Microplastic contamination in fish from the St. Lawrence River and Estuary: Roles of semisynthetic polymers, passive uptake, and wastewater inputs.","authors":"Elisa Michon, A H M Enamul Kabir, Magali Houde, Marc Mingelbier, Youssouf D Soubaneh, Jennifer F Provencher, Huixiang Xie, Dominique Robert, Zhe Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Semisynthetic polymers, such as rayon, are inconsistently reported in microplastic monitoring as most studies focus on synthetic polymers. However, evidence is growing for their ecological impacts. We measured microplastics, including semisynthetic polymers, in water and four fish species from the St. Lawrence River and Estuary (SLRE, Canada), a freshwater-marine corridor and good model for large river-estuary systems. Microplastic abundance was 0.44 ± 1.13 (mean ± SD) in fish gastrointestinal tract, 1.34 ± 2.12 (n/sample) in fish gills, and 2.17 ± 3.68 (n/L) in water. Rayon was the dominant microplastic in both water (41%) and fish (40-100%), revealing an underreported but significant contribution of semisynthetic polymers to aquatic microplastic burdens. This finding underscores the need to integrate semisynthetic polymers into future monitoring frameworks. In large piscivorous fish, gill uptake contributed more to microplastic accumulation than oral ingestion, unlike most non-piscivorous species reported in the literature, which accumulate more microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract. Comparisons of sites upstream and downstream of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) showed no significant difference in total microplastic abundance, but downstream waters contained more particles <100 μm and a broader diversity of polymers and colors. Given the greater environmental risks of smaller microplastics, these patterns highlight gaps in WWTP performance metrics that focus solely on total counts. Our findings provide evidence to expand monitoring frameworks to include semisynthetic polymers, incorporate non-oral exposure pathways into risk assessments, and improve WWTP metrics to inform global policy against microplastic pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123170"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between exposure to PM_2.5 and Black Carbon and risk of Childhood Leukemia in Tehran, A Case-Control Study with Critical Exposure Time Windows.","authors":"Samira Norzaee, Majid Kermani, Philip K Hopke, Arsalan Ghorbanian, Masud Yunesian, Roshanak Rezaei Kalantary, Mahdi Farzadkia, Abbas Shahsavani","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Limited research has explored the relationship between air pollutants and childhood leukemia during critical exposure periods, and no such research has been conducted in Tehran to date. This study assessed the association between exposure to fine particulate matter and black carbon and the risk of childhood leukemia, focusing on various postnatal exposure windows. This case-control study involved 428 children aged 1 to 15 years diagnosed with leukemia in Tehran. Annual concentrations of PM_2.5 and BC were estimated using the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) algorithm, integrating ground-based measurements with meteorological data and satellite-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD). The relationship between pollutant exposure and the probability of developing leukemia was investigated using logistic regression models with 95% confidence intervals. Three exposure periods were considered: the entire exposure period from birth to diagnosis, the year prior to the diagnosis, and the age range corresponding to when children were aged between two and four years. Additionally, a logistic regression model with cubic splines was used to allow for nonlinear associations. The analysis revealed that a 5.09 μg/m³ increase in PM₂.₅ concentration (interquartile range (IQR)) was associated with an increased odds ratio for childhood leukemia of 1.10 (95% CI: 1.05-1.15). Similarly, for each 1 μg/m³ increase in BC, the OR was 1.14 (95% CI: 0.99-2.20). The findings showed that with each increase of IQR in the PM_2.5 concentration in the year before diagnosis, the OR was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.01-1.11) for childhood leukemia, while for BC, the OR was 1.16 (95% CI: 1.00-2.15). Cubic spline analysis suggested a potentially non-linear association between PM_2.5 and BC concentrations and the risk of childhood leukemia, with an increasing trend observed at higher exposure levels. These results demonstrate a significant relationship between the incidence of leukemia in children and residential exposures to either PM_2.5 or BC.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123168"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert Perspectives on Exposure-Response Functions for Urban Health Policy: Lessons from a UBDPolicy Workshop.","authors":"Harry Williams, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Hanna Boogaard, Søren Brage, Matthew H E M Browning, Samuel Cai, Xuan Chen, Priyanka deSouza, Angel M Dzhambov, Benjamin Fenech, Gillian Flower, Francesco Forastiere, Leandro Garcia, Antonio Gasparrini, Ulrike Gehring, Alison M Gowers, Gerard Hoek, Sasha Khomenko, Chris C Lim, Chenxi Lu, Christina Mitsakou, Andrea Pozzer, Tara Ramani, Charlotte Roscoe, Joseph V Spadaro, Lambed Tatah, Danielle Vienneau, James Woodcock, Ray Yeager, Belen Zapata-Diomedi, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Haneen Khreis","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Policy-makers require robust, quantitative evidence in order to better align urban and transport planning practices with public health goals. Epidemiologically derived exposure-response functions can quantify the association between urban health determinants and human health outcomes. They are therefore a crucial input in quantitative health risk assessments, providing to policy-makers actionable evidence on how healthier, more sustainable cities may be achieved. The Urban Burden of Disease Policy (UBDPolicy) project convened a two-day workshop to discuss recent developments, ongoing challenges, and future directions for exposure-response functions and their application to quantitative health risk assessment. These discussions centred around air pollution, transport noise, non-optimal temperature, greenspace and physical activity as primary pathways through which urban and transport planning impact human health. Based on this workshop, we provide an expert-guided perspective on how to enhance both our conceptual understanding of exposure-response functions and their practical application. We also identify pathway-specific as well as cross-cutting (e.g., quantifying multiple exposures, need for population sub-group evidence) research needs relevant to environmental health more broadly. We propose several future research directions to serve as an agenda through which urban environmental health may be advanced.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123150"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of inorganics in waste papers in regulating pore structures of resulting activated carbon for efficient removal of phenol and tetracycline.","authors":"Fei Wu, Mengjiao Fan, Wenjian Liu, Lijun Zhang, Shu Zhang, Shuang Wang, Xun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123173","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Waste paper generation in China has been increasing significantly. Except cellulose, some paper products such as cardboard box (CB) and A4 paper (A4) also contained abundant inorganics, which might not be inert in activation. To understand potential involvement of inorganics in evolution of pores in AC, activation of papers of varied ash content (0.3% for toilet paper (TP), 13.9% for CB and 20.5% for A4) with ZnCl₂ or K₂C₂O₄ was performed. The results indicated that abundant inorganics in CB or A4 suppressed inter-molecular condensation reactions in activation with ZnCl₂, while intensified cracking reactions in activation with K₂C₂O₄, diminishing yields of activated carbon (AC). Sufficient dehydration/condensation in activation of TP with ZnCl₂ also formed AC of higher S_BET. However, abundant inorganics in A4 or CB enhanced pore development via cracking in activation with K₂C₂O₄. This further affected capability of the ACs for adsorption of phenol or tetracycline of distinct molecular sizes.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123173"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose tissue deposition and placental transfer of persistent organic pollutants in ewes.","authors":"Ella Vuoti, Jerry Nguyen, Panu Rantakokko, Heikki Huhta, Panu Kiviranta, Juha Räsänen, Sanna Palosaari, Petri Lehenkari","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known for their persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential to harm human health and wildlife. POPs cross the placenta, potentially predisposing the developing fetus to long-term health effects. Current biomonitoring of fetal exposure is mostly based on blood concentrations at birth. Research on the partition of POP burden between the maternal and fetal adipose tissues is scarce. This study analyzed common POPs (PeCB, HCB, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, oxychlordane, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and PCB-28, -52, -74, -99, -101, -118, -138, -153, -170, -180, -183, and -187; and PBDE-47, -99, -153) in perirenal adipose tissue of sheep ewe (n=15) and respective lambs using GC-MS/MS. By near term all lambs had accumulated a mixture of POPs in their adipose tissue. The total burden of all measured POPs was slightly lower in the lambs compared to the ewes. Individual POP concentrations ranged from 3 to 2603 pg/g. Lamb-to-ewe concentration ratios varied from 0.30 for p,p'-DDT to 1.03 for β-HCH, indicating different compound-specific mechanisms for transplacental transfer and/or adipose tissue partitioning. β-HCH was the only POP that had a concentration ratio greater than 1. PCB-183 exhibited a higher lamb-to-ewe concentration ratio than other PCB congeners. In conclusion, while concentrations of POPs in ewes and lambs were low, their similar magnitude confirms significant transfer during pregnancy. Human fetuses may be exposed to higher concentrations due to higher POP levels in human adipose tissue, highlighting the need for more accurate fetal exposure assessment and research on the mechanisms of health effects of POPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123164"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the association between microplastic exposure and gut microbiota based on metagenomics: A pilot study on 66 young college students in China.","authors":"Yongye Song, Jianfen Zhang, Xiuhua Shen, Lina Yang, Yong Jia, Fangfang Song, Yue Huang, Bingyue Han, Na Zhang, Guansheng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122995","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the types and mass concentrations of microplastics found in the stools of young college students. The underlying connections between microplastic exposure and gut microbiota were revealed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 66 participants, from whom stool samples were collected. Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Py-GCMS) was used to identify the types and mass concentrations of microplastics. Metagenomic sequencing was performed on the gut microbiota using high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis techniques. Participants were divided into low group (LG) and high group (HG) based on the median mass concentration of microplastics in their stools. The differences in microbial diversity and species with significant differences between the two groups were analyzed. Spearman's correlation analysis was conducted to assess the associations between microbial characteristics and gene functions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The detection rate of microplastics in the stool samples was 98.5%, with a median mass concentration of 54.7 μg/g. Significant differences were observed in gut microbiota between the two groups in terms of alpha and beta diversities. The relative abundance of Segatella copri was higher in the LG, while the relative abundance of Escherichia coli was higher in the HG. Compared with the LG, the gut microbiota in the HG exhibited an increase in the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Dialister invisus, Clostridium fessum, and Evtepia gabavorous. The ADONIS analysis revealed that PS microplastics had a significant impact on the structure of the gut microbiota. However, no significant differences were observed among the metabolic pathways annotated in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database between the two groups at either level I or II.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Participants with higher mass concentrations of microplastics in their stools exhibited an increase in the abundance of harmful intestinal bacteria. PS microplastics had the most profound impact on the gut microbiota structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122995"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluctuations of net primary production along a standard transect in the Barents Sea and their relationships with environmental factors.","authors":"Alexander G Dvoretsky, Vladimir G Dvoretsky","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding long-term variations in marine net primary production (NPP) across the Barents Sea is essential due to the region's significant environmental heterogeneity and fishery potential. However, high-resolution in situ measurements are scarce, complicating efforts to assess NPP trends and their drivers. For the first time, this study investigates NPP variability from 1993 to 2022 along the Kola Transect using satellite-derived data combined with environmental factors, including thermohaline properties, water currents, nitrogen levels, and sea ice extent. We employed wavelet analysis, cross-correlation analysis, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to explore these relationships. Our results revealed no significant overall trends in NPP. While nitrogen content and sea ice extent decreased, water currents showed contrasting trends, and both sea surface temperature and salinity increased due to higher Atlantic water influx. Environmental variables significantly correlated with NPP, with nutrients contributing the most to its temporal variability (0.3-58%). Forecasts indicated that approximately 25% of stations projected an increase in NPP (5-11%), while only one station showed a minor decrease (1.3%). Our findings are important for assessing shifts in production in the Barents Sea under ongoing climate change, offering valuable insights for future marine management.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123177"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Low-Temperature CO-SCR Performance under O₂-rich atmospheres of Fe-Doped Mn-MOF-74 Catalyst: Experimental and DFT Insights.","authors":"Xinyu Niu, Ling Zhao, Ruixia Xu, Yue Cheng, Yuchen Wang, Danya Zhao, Xiaojing Wang, Haigang Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Efficiently reducing nitrogen oxides (NO_x) at low temperatures under oxygen-rich conditions is a significant challenge in industrial denitrification. This study synthesized a series of bimetallic MOF-74 catalysts through a one-step hydrothermal method using cost-effective transition metals. Screening indicated that the inclusion of Fe notably improved the specific surface area, optimized the Mn³⁺/Fe²⁺ redox cycle, and generated synergistic Fe-Mn oxygen vacancies, enhancing Lewis acid sites and oxygen mobility. Particularly, Fe_0.57-Mn_0.43-MOF-74 demonstrated over 90% NO conversion and N₂ selectivity at 250 °C under 2%-6% oxygen-rich conditions, displaying 2.31 and 1.56-fold enhancements in oxygen tolerance compared to single-metal Mn-MOF-74 and Fe-MOF-74 catalysts, respectively. In-situ FTIR and DFT analyses revealed that NO reduction proceeded through the ONNO pathway with the lowest energy barrier under anaerobic conditions, facilitated by adsorbed CO promoting ONNO* dissociation into ONN*, which further decomposed into N₂. Conversely, under oxygen-rich conditions, the Fe-Mn synergistic oxygen vacancy structure trapped O₂ to form chemisorbed oxygen species, steering the reaction pathway towards N₂O₂ intermediates with the lowest energy barrier. Adsorbed CO induced N₂O₂* dissociation into ONNO*, leading to decomposition into ONN* and ultimately N₂. This investigation offers a viable approach for designing highly effective and sustainable catalysts for industrial denitrification under oxygen-rich conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123169"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imidacloprid induces abnormal glucose metabolism through NF-κB-mediated apoptosis of pancreatic β cells based on population exposure levels.","authors":"Zhongyuan Zhang, Jiaming Fu, Yihong Di, Honghui Li, Bing Wu, Xueyan Tian, Meiyan Li, Yuqing Dai, Zhuoheng Shen, Jinhao Jia, Zeyang Bai, Limeng Xiong, Yuhan Zhang, Xiaoyu Li, Yi Zhao, Hao Hu, GuangJun Wang, Huifang Yang, Rui Zhang, Jian Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous epidemiologic studies have indicated a positive association between population-based imidacloprid (IMI) exposure and diabetes. Moreover, toxicological evidence suggests that IMI can disrupt glucose metabolism in non-target organisms. However, the toxic doses of IMI in previous experimental studies were much higher than the exposure levels in the real world, and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, based on the exposure level of neonicotinoids in humans, we investigated the possible mechanism of IMI-induced glucose metabolism disorders using cybertoxicology predictions, a long-term exposure model of IMI in mice, and cellular models. The cybertoxicology predictions showed that NF-κB and apoptosis play key roles in the association of IMI, pancreatic β-cell injury, and diabetes. However, exposure of mice to IMI through potable water (104 μg/kg, population exposure maximum) for 24 weeks did not result in abnormal glucose metabolism (P > 0.05), while significant activation of inflammatory response, NF-κB phosphorylation, and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways were observed (P < 0.05). After inhibition of NF-κB P65 phosphorylation in the cellular model, IMI-induced alterations in the MIN6 cell structure and function, inflammatory responses, and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways were alleviated (P < 0.05). This finding provides evidence for the disruption of glucose metabolism due to long-term exposure to IMI, and subsequent studies should focus on the effects of longer exposure to IMI on glucose metabolism as well as the role of the NF-κB signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123171"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure profile of four classes of emerging pesticides in pet dog and cat serum from Wuhan, China.","authors":"Mingyi Du, Xin Wei, Hanru Wu, Yanan Pan, Renli Yin, Adela Jing Li, Weixin Jia, Rongliang Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging pesticide exposure in companion animals remains understudied despite growing concern over environmental contamination and pet health. We quantified 24 emerging pesticides and their metabolites in serum samples from 60 pet dogs and cats in Wuhan, China, using a salting-out assisted acetonitrile extraction method coupled with HPLC-MS/MS. A total of 19 compounds were detected in cats and 16 in dogs, with cats exhibiting significantly higher total pesticide concentrations (median: 4.90 ng/mL) than dogs (3.02 ng/mL). Organophosphates (OPs), particularly chlorpyrifos as indicated by its metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY), were the predominant pesticide class in dogs, whereas pyrethroids (PYRs) and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were more abundant in cats. TCPY, 2,4-D and N-desmethyl acetamiprid (a neonicotinoid metabolite) were the most frequently detected pesticides across both species. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of these three dominant pesticides (0.0002-0.0649 μg/kg bw/day) were well below established chronic reference doses (cRfDs; 0.3-71 μg/kg bw/day), suggesting limited individual pesticide risk. However, over 95% of serum samples contained multiple pesticide residues, raising concerns about potential cumulative and synergistic effect. These findings underscore the need for expanded biomonitoring efforts to better understand emerging pesticide exposure in pets and their role as sentinels for household and environmental chemical risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123162"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145342419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}