Environmental Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on cognitive function in elderly subjects (60+ years)–Results of an experimental randomized sham controlled double-blind cross-over study in women and in men","authors":"Cornelia Sauter ,&nbsp;Hans Dorn ,&nbsp;Ana Bueno-Lopez ,&nbsp;Torsten Eggert ,&nbsp;Gernot Schmid ,&nbsp;Heidi Danker-Hopfe","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During the regular use of digital communication devices, the human head is exposed to different levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). Several experimental human studies on possible effects of RF-EMF from different technical systems on cognitive performance over the last decades show contradictory results. Most of the results come from studies with young male participants.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study examined whether cognitive functions of older women and men are more vulnerable and therefore may react differently to RF-EMF exposure than younger individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty healthy women (30) and men (30) between the ages of 60 and 80 years took part in a double-blind randomized sham-controlled experimental study. All participants completed four different attentional tasks in nine separate sessions, separated by two weeks, while being exposed to either RF-EMF of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM 900 MHz), Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA 385 MHz) signals, or sham in three sessions each.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two performance outcome measures out of 16 were statistically significantly affected by exposure in women only: accuracy in an n-back task was worse under GSM exposure in the easier version and under TETRA exposure in the highest level of the task. Performance of women and men did not differ significantly. Only one significant sex-exposure interaction effect was observed under TETRA exposure, indicating a better performance in men, and a worse performance in women as compared to sham.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Overall, cognitive performance of healthy elderly participants was not affected by short-term RF-EMF exposure, which corresponds to the results of the most recent comprehensive meta-analyses for the non-elderly population. No conclusion can be drawn for older adults with health-related restrictions or disorders, or effects from long-term exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122479"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Absolute Sustainability - Informed Water Inequality Indicators of Chinese City Clusters.","authors":"Mo Li, Mengyi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Within a city cluster, central cities rely on imports of water-intensive products from hinterland cities to avoid exceeding domestic planetary boundaries (PB). Yet, the role of PB-informed virtual water trade in redistributing scarce freshwater resources among and within city clusters remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by analysing city cluster-level PB-exceeded and PB-surplus water footprints of 313 Chinese cities. The water exceedance footprint measures the exceeded amount of water withdrawn against local water PBs to meet the demand of a city. The surplus water footprint quantifies the surplus water available within local PBs that can be sustainably utilised to meet the demand of a city. By employing a Chinese city cluster-level multi-regional input output model, we identified to what extent are city cluster demands for goods and services driving PB transgression. In 2017, Chinese city water exceedance footprint (WEF) amounts to 48.8 km³, while the surplus water footprint (SWF) is almost three times than WEF, reaching 136.7km³. Net WEF flows primarily from central to the non-central cities, while the net SWF flows in the opposite direction. This suggests central cities could shift from WEF exporters to SWF importers. Across the top five city clusters, net import flows of both PB-exceedance and surplus water are concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta. Contrary to prior research, city cluster-level virtual water trade is not strictly governed by geographical distance, nor do wealthier cities consistently show lower emission to value-added ratios compared to poorer ones. Our revised virtual water trade analysis advance knowledge on how city cluster consumption is transgressing water PBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122478"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid start-up of partial nitrification in wastewater through aerobic starvation: remodeling population of four types of bacteria.","authors":"Ziwei Cheng, Qiong Zhang, Chengkun Kao, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid initiation of partial nitration (PN) is critical for the applications of energy-saving partial nitritation-Anammox (PNA) process in wastewater treatment. In this study, PN was rapidly achieved in municipal wastewater via 7-day aerobic starvation and stably maintained with an average nitrite accumulation rate of 92.7%. The mechanism by which aerobic starvation remodeled the populations of four bacterial groups - polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), denitrifying bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) - to achieve PN was elaborated. During the aerobic starvation phase, heterotrophic bacteria were less inhibited than autotrophic bacteria. Among autotrophic bacteria, the activity decay rate of NOB (0.34d^-1), was faster than that of AOB (0.08d^-1). In reactivation phase, compared to NOB, denitrifying bacteria utilizing nitrite as a substrate, along with oxygen-utilizing PAOs and AOB, demonstrated faster activity recovery and stronger competition for shared substrates. This intensified-competition further inhibited and eliminated NOB (from 0.99% to 0.10%), thereby facilitating the initiation of PN.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122449"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinpointing drivers and health effects of exceptional summertime ozone pollution in the Sichuan basin of China in 2022","authors":"Xianyu Yang ,&nbsp;Kai Wu ,&nbsp;Haolin Wang ,&nbsp;Sihui Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruihan Yang ,&nbsp;Qin Hu ,&nbsp;Meng Xiu ,&nbsp;Mengjiao Jiang ,&nbsp;Bingzheng Ben","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropospheric ozone (O₃) is a ubiquitous pollutant that is detrimental to human health and ecosystems. The Sichuan Basin (SCB), one of the most populous city clusters in China, has experienced more-intense O₃ pollution episodes and longer O₃ season with more-frequent stagnant conditions over the past decade. In 2022, the prolonged O₃ season featured extremely high levels of O₃ and region-wide O₃ events were observed, posing significant threats to public health. However, it remains unclear to what extent meteorological fields could contribute to O₃ anomaly and to the adverse health impacts from extreme O₃ season. Here, we investigate the drivers of extreme summer O₃ pollution in 2022 over the SCB using a high-resolution Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model in conjunction with surface air quality measurements. Further, the health effects of exposure to high levels of O₃ are quantified using the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP). Both meteorological reanalysis data and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling revealed extreme heat featured by persistent heatwaves in the study period, which significantly perturbed daytime photochemical reactions and primed the landscape for elevating O₃. Sensitivity experiments with fixed anthropogenic emissions indicate that unfavorable meteorology and subsequent enhancements in biogenic emissions substantially contributed to O₃ anomaly. Importantly, this unprecedented O₃ season resulted in 48285 all-cause deaths due to long-term exposure, which is 8064 higher than the same period in 2019 and significantly overtake previous recognition. CMAQ simulations point to that O₃ elevation could be partially offset by concurrent 50 % emission reductions on nitrogen oxides (NO_<em>x</em>) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), leading to avoided deaths of 2660. This work highlights the underestimated O₃-related mortality burden and pinpoints the necessity of stringent emission regulations toward O₃ mitigation in basin topography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122465"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Effects of mercury exposure in three Amazonian agricultural plant species and the impact on bacterial population in soil\".","authors":"Maria J Rodriguez-Pascual, Claudia Vega, Natasha Andrade, Luis E Fernández, Shih-Huai Cheng, Birthe Kjellerup, Alba Torrents","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Amazonian region of Madre de Dios in Peru is highly impacted by mercury (Hg) emissions from Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) in the Amazon rainforest. Peru adopted soil screening levels (SSL) for Hg in agricultural soil (6.6 mg kg-1) to protect the environment and human health from Hg exposure based on regulations adopted by Canada without considering research on native plant and animal species. To close the knowledge gap on Hg toxicity in Amazonian plant species, we studied the impact of Hg exposure on the survival, growth, and health of three Amazonian agricultural plant species commonly used in the local population's diet: aji dulce, sacha culantro, and uncucha. Experiments were conducted growing the three plant species studied in pots with soil spiked with Hg to concentrations ranging from 2 to 100 mg kg^-1 (dry weight). At the end of the experiments, adverse plant health effects, such as mortality, reduction in root length, and above-ground weight, were found in aji dulce and uncucha plants after exposure to every Hg concentration tested, and mortality was found in sacha culantro plants after exposure to 50 and 100 mg kg^-1 of Hg. The lowest observable concentration of Hg affecting the plant's health was 2 mg kg^-1, three times lower than the SSL for Hg in agricultural soil established in the Peruvian regulation. The results of the study suggest that a review of this SSL would be necessary for developing appropriate environmental and human health risk assessments in areas impacted by ASGM in the Amazon region.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122469"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of acidogenic fermentation of waste activated sludge by combined nitrite and peracetic acid co-treatment: Insight into interfacial interaction, functional potential, oxidative stress and adaptive mechanisms","authors":"Yingmu Wang ,&nbsp;Yanjie Huang ,&nbsp;Cuiyan Peng ,&nbsp;Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Erqing Hui ,&nbsp;Jian Zhou ,&nbsp;Qiang He ,&nbsp;Sun Wan ,&nbsp;Yasong Chen ,&nbsp;Mengwen Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to methane, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) offer superior economic benefits. Therefore, the extraction of VFAs from waste activated sludge (WAS) during anaerobic digestion (AD) has garnered significant attention. This study demonstrates that the NO₂⁻-PAA combined treatment technology effectively promotes the accumulation of total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) in the AD system, achieving a maximum VFAs accumulation of 1551.2 ± 6.6 mg COD/L and an acidification rate (η_a) of 47.8 ± 1.9 %. Mechanistic study indicates that the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS, including CH₃C(O)OO·,·OH,·O₂⁻, ¹O₂ and NO·) induced by the combined treatment act synergistically to damage cell membranes, augment membrane permeability, disrupt protein structures, and stimulate lipid peroxidation. This significantly weakens the attraction between microorganisms in WAS, providing the first mechanistic explanation of how it overcomes the energy barrier of WAS dispersion under NO₂⁻-PAA exposure (extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory). 16 S rDNA and metagenomic analyses confirmed that NO₂⁻-PAA combined treatment promoted the selective enrichment of hydrolytic-acidogenic bacteria, particularly Petrimonas (27.7 %) and Macellibacteroides (17.0 %). In addition, the increased abundance of VFAs biosynthesis-related genes and decreased abundance of methanogenic genes contribute to VFAs accumulation. Enhanced regulation of Quorum Sensing (QS) and Two-Component Systems (TCS) gene clusters improved microbial adaptation to NO₂⁻-PAA stress. This study elucidated the synergistic effects of NO₂⁻-PAA combined treatment on VFAs extraction from the perspectives of interface interactions, functional potential, oxidative stress, and adaptive mechanisms, and provided promising technical solutions for optimizing WAS carbon flux and efficient VFAs recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122470"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the mulberry field antibiotic resistome and mobilome across China","authors":"Jian Xiao ,&nbsp;Jintao He ,&nbsp;Xiaoqiang Shen ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Lei ,&nbsp;Huarui Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu Li ,&nbsp;Chao Sun ,&nbsp;Yongqi Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging environmental contaminants that pose increasing risks to ecosystems and human health. However, the distribution and drivers of ARGs associated with woody plants remain underexplored. In this study, we leverage large-scale sampling and metagenomics to provide a comprehensive survey of ARGs in both mulberry (<em>Morus</em>) field soil and rhizosphere across China. Our findings revealed significant regional differences in ARG diversity and composition, exhibiting a distance-decay pattern. The most abundant ARG types identified were multidrug, novobiocin, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, with the dominant resistance mechanisms being efflux pumps, antibiotic target alteration, and enzymatic inactivation. Structural equation modelling further showed that ARG profiles were primarily influenced by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and annual mean temperature, with high-risk ARGs increasing significantly. We also observed notable regional and compartmental differences in MGEs, with both richness and abundance being higher in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil. Moreover, co-occurrence network analysis revealed that ARG-MGE associations in the rhizosphere were stronger and more complex, likely promoting ARG dissemination. Our results not only provide the first overview of ARG profiles in widely planted mulberry but also characterize the factors shaping the antibiotic resistome, paving the way for managing ARG risks in woody plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122471"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient removal of beta-blockers from water using fluorinated covalent organic polymers: Insights into sigmoidal adsorption behavior and environmental applications.","authors":"Soyeon Kim, Yuri Park, Yuhoon Hwang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this research, fluorinated covalent organic polymer (FCOP) was synthesized and evaluated as a novel adsorbent for removing atenolol (ATL) and metoprolol (MTL), two widely prescribed beta-blockers frequently found in water environments. FCOP demonstrated rapid adsorption, achieving removal efficiencies of 67.26% for MTL and 70.43% for ATL within just one minute, relative to the total adsorption at 600 minutes. The adsorption isotherms exhibited unique sigmoidal behavior, described effectively by the Langmuir-BET model, highlighting initial monolayer adsorption followed by multilayer interactions. The maximum adsorption capacities (q_max) were 98.87 mg/g for ATL and 106.9 mg/g for MTL, with adsorption continuing even beyond apparent equilibrium, indicating persistent adsorption potential. This exceptional performance results from FCOP's fluorine-rich structure, facilitating multiple interactions including electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic effects, and π-π_F interactions. Furthermore, FCOP maintained high efficiency even in complex aqueous environments containing inorganic ions, humic acids, and in real water from the river and sewage treatment plants (STP), underscoring its practical applicability. Given its straightforward one-pot synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and excellent adsorption capabilities, FCOP represents a promising solution for addressing pharmaceutical pollution, providing critical insights into advanced materials for sustainable water purification technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122439"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass-derived N, P co-doped biochar as a bifunctional floating cathode for energy-efficient H2O2 electrosynthesis and electro-Fenton catalysis through self-sustained aeration","authors":"Siyue Huo ,&nbsp;Quanyou Zhao ,&nbsp;Yichao Wang ,&nbsp;Ruidian Su ,&nbsp;Mengchun Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>H₂O₂ electrosynthesis via oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a green and sustainable strategy for on-site electro-Fenton processes, yet it suffers from high aeration energy consumption and poor O₂ utilization efficiency. Here, N, P self-doped porous carbon (NP/PC) was synthesized from agricultural waste without exogenous dopants or templates to fabricate self-floating gas diffusion electrode (GDE) for H₂O₂ electrosynthesis. A higher pyrolysis temperature promoted porous structures formation in NP/PC, whereas the N/P functional groups content decreased as pyrolysis temperature increased from 450 °C to 600 °C. The optimized NP/PC-500 exhibited the highest H₂O₂ selectivity of 81.1 % for its balanced active sites and N/P doping levels. Compared with air-aerated cathode, the fabricated self-floating NP/PC-500-GDE realized self-sustained aeration by utilizing atmospheric O₂. The rapid O₂ diffusion at the triple-phase interfaces of self-floating NP/PC-500-GDE reduced aeration energy consumption and enabled a higher H₂O₂ yield (586.7 mg/L), which was 1.6 times that of the air-aerated NP/PC-500-GDE. Besides, the self-floating NP/PC-500-GDE exhibited good scalability with its geometric area scaled up from 6 to 150 cm². Density functional theory calculations and regression analysis verified the pyrrolic N and P-C group as dominant sites for H₂O₂ electrosynthesis. Notably, the asymmetrical local electric fields induced by N, P self-doping accelerated charge transfer and lowered O₂ adsorption energy. This electro-Fenton system with self-floating NP/PC-500-GDE as cathode achieved efficient degradation of diverse contaminants. This work not only offers a green and low-cost strategy for upcycling biomass waste into functional materials but also proposes a bifunctional self-floating cathode for aeration-free H₂O₂ electrosynthesis and electro-Fenton catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122463"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of novel nano-scale magnesium oxide adsorbent to remediate fluoride-contaminated groundwater: material preparation and pilot-scale study","authors":"I-Min Wu ,&nbsp;Zeng-Yei Hseu ,&nbsp;Francis Verpoort ,&nbsp;Rao Y. Surampalli ,&nbsp;Jiun-Hau Ou ,&nbsp;Chih-Ming Kao","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A nano-scale magnesium oxide (NS-MgO)-based adsorbent was developed for the remediation of fluoride-contaminated groundwater. Magnesium nitrate was used as the precursor, and the NS-MgO was synthesized via a solvothermal method. The resulting material exhibited spherical and crystalline structures, with a specific surface area of 4.2 m²/g and an average particle diameter of 20.4 nm. Adsorption studies revealed that the material followed the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism. The rate constant was determined to be 1.36 × 10⁻³ 1/min, and the adsorption capacity was 227.3 mg/g·min at an initial fluoride concentration of 100 mg/L. Initially, monolayer adsorption was dominant; however, as the process progressed, multilayer adsorption became prevalent, thereby increasing the overall adsorption capacity. Higher concentrations of hydroxide, phosphate, and carbonate were observed to decrease the fluoride removal efficiency because of sorption sites competition with anions possessing similar electronic characteristics. The fluoride removal mechanism primarily involved two chemical pathways: (1) the formation of magnesium hydroxide through the reaction of MgO with water, and (2) the substitution of hydroxide ions by fluoride ions, resulting in the formation of magnesium fluoride precipitates [Mg(OH)₂ + xF⁻ → Mg(OH)_2-xF_x(s) + xOH⁻]. Column experiments demonstrated that NS-MgO could remove up to 90 % of fluoride with an influent concentration of 15.2 mg/L. In a pilot-scale application, injecting 800 g of NS-MgO into each remediation well effectively reduced fluoride concentrations in the contaminated aquifer. These findings indicate that NS-MgO was effective under real-world conditions and suitable for rapid deployment in emergency scenarios involving fluoride contamination. The technology offers key advantages, including ease of synthesis, scalability, and demonstrated stability. Its proven performance in pilot-scale studies highlights its practical value and strong potential for field-scale groundwater remediation. The system shows considerable promise in controlling the migration of fluoride plumes in groundwater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122464"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}