Environmental Research最新文献

{"title":"Southern urban forest converted from orchard abandonment: a potentially important N2O source driven by warm-humid climate","authors":"Lifang Wu ,&nbsp;Dingxi Chen ,&nbsp;Zhongcong Sun ,&nbsp;Zetong Niu ,&nbsp;Bei Zhang ,&nbsp;Tonghui Yang ,&nbsp;Ao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhixi Wu ,&nbsp;Longfei Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In southeastern (SE) China, rapid urban expansion has expanded areas of secondary and plantation forests converted from abandoned orchards, which could be potential hotspots of nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions due to experiencing historical nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications and high N deposition. However, mechanisms underlying the dynamics of soil N₂O emission from these lands remain poorly investigated, particularly under the significant influences of the SE Asian monsoon climate. In this work, we conducted a year-long observation and a short-term manipulation experiment to explore the factors driving soil N₂O emissions from an urban forest converted from abandoned orchards in a mega city of SE China. Our results highlight its critical role as a significant yet underappreciated source of N₂O, with annual emission of 1.02 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ which is generally higher than the emission strength typically reported from other subtropical forests. Elevated concentrations of soil nitrate in the studied forest were driven by the combined effects of historical fertilization legacies and continuous N deposition, providing abundant substrates for N₂O emissions. Seasonal rainfall and rewetting events following droughts substantially influenced N dynamics, triggering N₂O flux peaks during periods of rapid soil moisture changes. The short-term drivers, such as rainfall-induced changes in soil moisture, were found to be critical for pulse releases of N₂O, whereas temperature and pH of soil water regulated the seasonal variations of N₂O fluxes. These findings underscore the importance of integrated monitoring to capture both the immediate impacts of extreme climatic events and the long-term trends in emissions. Under sustained N deposition, urban forest soils play a vital role in regional N cycling, emphasizing their significance in global greenhouse gas assessments and strategies for mitigating climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122473"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney morphological changes associated with early-life carbonaceous ultrafine particle exposure: A pathomics approach","authors":"Leen Rasking ,&nbsp;Kenneth Vanbrabant ,&nbsp;Peiqi Sun ,&nbsp;Maartje Vangeneugden ,&nbsp;Martin Strauch ,&nbsp;Roel P.F. Schins ,&nbsp;Flemming R. Cassee ,&nbsp;Hannelore Bové ,&nbsp;Katrien De Vusser ,&nbsp;Tim S. Nawrot ,&nbsp;Alessandra Tammaro ,&nbsp;Peter Boor ,&nbsp;Michelle Plusquin","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fine particulate matter (&lt;2.5 μm, PM_2.5), and its subcomponent ultrafine carbonaceous particles (UFP), have been shown to cause adverse health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and decline in kidney function. Previous research demonstrated the presence of these particles in the kidney, yet potential effects on kidney tissue remain elusive.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We exposed wild-type C57BL/6J mice to either HEPA-filtered air or clean ultrafine carbonaceous particles (UFP^C, 450 μg/m³) during the prenatal (gestational day 8–9 + 16–17) and/or postnatal (PND 4–7 + 10–13) phase, with an additional re-exposure on PND 142–145 of the exposed animals, and harvested kidney tissue on PND 181–182. Large-scale histomorphometry (pathomics) was utilized to quantify the effects of exposure to UFP^C on kidney tissue morphology. Here, we quantified an average (SD) of 205 (56) arteries, 113 (15) glomeruli, and 6966 (887) tubules in each group. Differences between exposure groups were assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis tests. UFP^C were detected using non-incandescent white light generation under femtosecond-pulsed illumination. Correlations between measured UFP^C and morphometric features were evaluated with Pearson's correlation coefficient.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to the sham group, the pre- and postnatally exposed group had significantly smaller cortical and larger medullary areas (p &lt; 0.05). The postnatally exposed group had more glomeruli in comparison to the sham group (p &lt; 0.01). The prenatally exposed group showed lower tubular area and altered tubular shapes, with reduced circularity and solidity (p &lt; 0.02). The prenatally exposed and pre- and postnatally exposed groups showed higher percentages of the interstitial area (p &lt; 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between UFP^C exposure and tubular morphometric features, while negative correlations were found with interstitial area percentage; no significant correlations were noted for glomerular or arteriolar features.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study shows the impact of UFP^C exposure on kidney morphology with altered overall cortical and medullary areas and altered tubular and interstitial structures. These structural alterations may potentially increase kidney vulnerability to injury, underscoring the need for further studies to assess the long-term impact of environmental pollutants on kidney health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122458"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen-vacancy-rich Co3O4/carbon nitride activating peroxymonosulfate for efficient micropollutant degradation: Dominant role of superoxide radicals","authors":"Jiani Qin ,&nbsp;Minna Duan ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruochen Hua ,&nbsp;Yongqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuanyi Wang ,&nbsp;Bao Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of tetracycline (TC) antibiotics poses significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence and toxicity in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, a heterogeneous catalyst composed of Co₃O₄ supported on graphitic carbon nitride (Co₃O₄/CN) was developed to efficiently activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for TC degradation. A series of Co₃O₄/CN composites with different cobalt loadings were synthesized via a straightforward pyrolysis process. The optimized 12 %Co₃O₄/CN sample exhibited an enhanced specific surface area, abundant nitrogen vacancies, and improved electron transfer efficiency, achieving 86.6 % degradation of TC within 30 min, with 5.4-fold enhancement in reaction rate constant than PMS-only systems. Consistently high degradation efficiencies were also observed for various other micropollutants. Mechanism investigations revealed that O₂·^- radicals played a dominant role in TC degradation, while SO₄·^-, ¹O₂, and ·OH radicals also contributed significantly, all synergistically promoted by the redox cycling of Co²⁺/Co³⁺ species and the presence of nitrogen vacancies. Notably, the catalytic system exhibited broad pH adaptability, excellent reusability, and effective mineralization capacity. Toxicity assessment further indicated a reduced ecotoxicity of TC degradation byproducts. This study thus offers a promising and environmentally sustainable solution for the effective remediation of antibiotic-contaminated wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122460"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological distribution, dissemination potential, and health risks of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in soils across diverse land-use types in China","authors":"Zhengyang Deng ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhixing Ren ,&nbsp;Ning Hao ,&nbsp;Peixuan Sun ,&nbsp;Wenjin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have emerged as critical environmental contaminants, while mobile genetic elements (MGEs) act as key vectors facilitating their horizontal transfer, collectively posing growing challenges to ecosystem and public health. This study presents a comprehensive metagenomic investigation of ARGs and MGEs across 180 soil samples from five major land use types in China: farmland, forest, grassland, urban planting, and bare land. Among 862 identified ARG subtypes, 28 were detected in over 95 % of samples, indicating the presence of ecologically dominant and widely disseminated resistance elements. By integrating taxonomic profiling, metagenomic assembly, and multiple statistical methods-including Kruskal-Wallis testing, redundancy analysis (RDA), PERMANOVA, and co-occurrence network analysis-we revealed distinct distributional patterns and ecological associations of ARGs and MGEs across land use gradients. Forest and agricultural soils exhibited higher ARG diversity and abundance, while urban and barren soils showed reduced resistome complexity. Network analysis identified key ARG-MGE co-occurrence modules and hub elements that may promote horizontal gene transfer, particularly under anthropogenic disturbance. Taxonomic annotation highlighted <em>Actinomycetota</em> and <em>Pseudomonadota</em> as dominant ARG hosts. A multi-indicator health risk framework incorporating environmental prevalence, gene mobility, and host pathogenicity classified 267 ARG subtypes as posing medium to high potential risks. These findings enhance our understanding of land use-mediated ARG dissemination and provide a scientific basis for targeted environmental monitoring and mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122459"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-diversity dominates the response of ecosystem multifunctionality and stability to biogeochemical materials that exceed planetary boundaries","authors":"Zirui Meng ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Mengxuan He ,&nbsp;Min Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuan Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastic contamination and nutrient deposition have exceeded planetary boundaries, posing significant long-term risks to coastal saline-alkali wetland ecosystems. While most studies focus on the effects of individual stressors, such as microplastics or nutrients, the combined impacts of multiple stressors remain underexplored. In this study, we examined the effects of the microplastome—comprising various microplastics and their associated substances—along with nutrient deposition on plant communities, ecological efficiency, ecosystem multifunctionality, and stability in coastal wetlands. Our results demonstrate that interactions between the microplastome and nitrogen (N) deposition significantly enhance ecosystem multifunctionality. Furthermore, elevated microplastic contamination combined with N deposition improved ecosystem stability and increased plant community sensitivity to stressors. These changes were primarily driven by increased biodiversity and complementary interactions within the community. Random forest analysis and structural equation modeling revealed that the cascading effects of microplastic pollution and nutrient deposition—particularly on soil nutrients, fertility, and enzyme activities—were pivotal in driving shifts in ecosystem multifunctionality and stability. This study advances our understanding of the integrated impacts of biodiversity and multiple anthropogenic stressors, underscoring their role in shaping the multifunctionality and stability of coastal saline-alkali wetland ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122480"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"It’s time to elucidate what are the key points to promote bio-electro-Fenton and bio-Fenton-like work efficiently: Mechanisms, enhancement strategies, and applications","authors":"Yu Du,&nbsp;Wei Yu,&nbsp;Haibo Li,&nbsp;Yajue Yuan,&nbsp;Kaixuan Wang,&nbsp;Xulun Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-electro-Fenton (BEF) systems leverage electrochemical configurations, while Bio-Fenton-like (BFL) systems exploit redox-active minerals in anaerobic-aerobic fluctuating natural environments to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although both are driven by electroactive microorganisms, precise differences in mechanisms, enhancement strategies, and applications that influence their performance remain to be identified. To design more flexible BEF or BFL systems, one must have an in-depth understanding of the key factors promoting the smooth operation of these two processes. Herein, this work systematically compares and analyzes the mechanistic interconnections between BEF and BFL, with a focus on extracellular electron transfer (EET) and ROS generation pathways. Furthermore, enhancement strategies, such as EET intensification engineering, design of advanced materials, and optimization of operation systems are comprehensively summarized. Their applications in environmental control, carbon cycling, and biomedicine are also discussed in detail. Most importantly, this review demonstrates that the special processes of EET and the types of electron acceptors critically determine activation mechanisms and ROS generation, implying that electroactive microorganisms and catalytic material design serve as pivotal strategies for enhancing bio-Fenton performance in practical applications. Finally, existing challenges and future research directions are critically proposed, along with mechanistic insights and improvement suggestions for BEF and BFL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122467"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on cognitive function in elderly subjects (60+ years)–Results of an experimental randomized sham controlled double-blind cross-over study in women and in men","authors":"Cornelia Sauter ,&nbsp;Hans Dorn ,&nbsp;Ana Bueno-Lopez ,&nbsp;Torsten Eggert ,&nbsp;Gernot Schmid ,&nbsp;Heidi Danker-Hopfe","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>During the regular use of digital communication devices, the human head is exposed to different levels of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). Several experimental human studies on possible effects of RF-EMF from different technical systems on cognitive performance over the last decades show contradictory results. Most of the results come from studies with young male participants.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The present study examined whether cognitive functions of older women and men are more vulnerable and therefore may react differently to RF-EMF exposure than younger individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixty healthy women (30) and men (30) between the ages of 60 and 80 years took part in a double-blind randomized sham-controlled experimental study. All participants completed four different attentional tasks in nine separate sessions, separated by two weeks, while being exposed to either RF-EMF of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM 900 MHz), Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA 385 MHz) signals, or sham in three sessions each.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two performance outcome measures out of 16 were statistically significantly affected by exposure in women only: accuracy in an n-back task was worse under GSM exposure in the easier version and under TETRA exposure in the highest level of the task. Performance of women and men did not differ significantly. Only one significant sex-exposure interaction effect was observed under TETRA exposure, indicating a better performance in men, and a worse performance in women as compared to sham.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Overall, cognitive performance of healthy elderly participants was not affected by short-term RF-EMF exposure, which corresponds to the results of the most recent comprehensive meta-analyses for the non-elderly population. No conclusion can be drawn for older adults with health-related restrictions or disorders, or effects from long-term exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122479"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Absolute Sustainability - Informed Water Inequality Indicators of Chinese City Clusters.","authors":"Mo Li, Mengyi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Within a city cluster, central cities rely on imports of water-intensive products from hinterland cities to avoid exceeding domestic planetary boundaries (PB). Yet, the role of PB-informed virtual water trade in redistributing scarce freshwater resources among and within city clusters remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by analysing city cluster-level PB-exceeded and PB-surplus water footprints of 313 Chinese cities. The water exceedance footprint measures the exceeded amount of water withdrawn against local water PBs to meet the demand of a city. The surplus water footprint quantifies the surplus water available within local PBs that can be sustainably utilised to meet the demand of a city. By employing a Chinese city cluster-level multi-regional input output model, we identified to what extent are city cluster demands for goods and services driving PB transgression. In 2017, Chinese city water exceedance footprint (WEF) amounts to 48.8 km³, while the surplus water footprint (SWF) is almost three times than WEF, reaching 136.7km³. Net WEF flows primarily from central to the non-central cities, while the net SWF flows in the opposite direction. This suggests central cities could shift from WEF exporters to SWF importers. Across the top five city clusters, net import flows of both PB-exceedance and surplus water are concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta. Contrary to prior research, city cluster-level virtual water trade is not strictly governed by geographical distance, nor do wealthier cities consistently show lower emission to value-added ratios compared to poorer ones. Our revised virtual water trade analysis advance knowledge on how city cluster consumption is transgressing water PBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122478"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144758840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid start-up of partial nitrification in wastewater through aerobic starvation: remodeling population of four types of bacteria.","authors":"Ziwei Cheng, Qiong Zhang, Chengkun Kao, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid initiation of partial nitration (PN) is critical for the applications of energy-saving partial nitritation-Anammox (PNA) process in wastewater treatment. In this study, PN was rapidly achieved in municipal wastewater via 7-day aerobic starvation and stably maintained with an average nitrite accumulation rate of 92.7%. The mechanism by which aerobic starvation remodeled the populations of four bacterial groups - polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), denitrifying bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) - to achieve PN was elaborated. During the aerobic starvation phase, heterotrophic bacteria were less inhibited than autotrophic bacteria. Among autotrophic bacteria, the activity decay rate of NOB (0.34d^-1), was faster than that of AOB (0.08d^-1). In reactivation phase, compared to NOB, denitrifying bacteria utilizing nitrite as a substrate, along with oxygen-utilizing PAOs and AOB, demonstrated faster activity recovery and stronger competition for shared substrates. This intensified-competition further inhibited and eliminated NOB (from 0.99% to 0.10%), thereby facilitating the initiation of PN.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122449"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144751971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinpointing drivers and health effects of exceptional summertime ozone pollution in the Sichuan basin of China in 2022","authors":"Xianyu Yang ,&nbsp;Kai Wu ,&nbsp;Haolin Wang ,&nbsp;Sihui Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruihan Yang ,&nbsp;Qin Hu ,&nbsp;Meng Xiu ,&nbsp;Mengjiao Jiang ,&nbsp;Bingzheng Ben","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tropospheric ozone (O₃) is a ubiquitous pollutant that is detrimental to human health and ecosystems. The Sichuan Basin (SCB), one of the most populous city clusters in China, has experienced more-intense O₃ pollution episodes and longer O₃ season with more-frequent stagnant conditions over the past decade. In 2022, the prolonged O₃ season featured extremely high levels of O₃ and region-wide O₃ events were observed, posing significant threats to public health. However, it remains unclear to what extent meteorological fields could contribute to O₃ anomaly and to the adverse health impacts from extreme O₃ season. Here, we investigate the drivers of extreme summer O₃ pollution in 2022 over the SCB using a high-resolution Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model in conjunction with surface air quality measurements. Further, the health effects of exposure to high levels of O₃ are quantified using the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program (BenMAP). Both meteorological reanalysis data and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) modeling revealed extreme heat featured by persistent heatwaves in the study period, which significantly perturbed daytime photochemical reactions and primed the landscape for elevating O₃. Sensitivity experiments with fixed anthropogenic emissions indicate that unfavorable meteorology and subsequent enhancements in biogenic emissions substantially contributed to O₃ anomaly. Importantly, this unprecedented O₃ season resulted in 48285 all-cause deaths due to long-term exposure, which is 8064 higher than the same period in 2019 and significantly overtake previous recognition. CMAQ simulations point to that O₃ elevation could be partially offset by concurrent 50 % emission reductions on nitrogen oxides (NO_<em>x</em>) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), leading to avoided deaths of 2660. This work highlights the underestimated O₃-related mortality burden and pinpoints the necessity of stringent emission regulations toward O₃ mitigation in basin topography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 122465"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}