Environmental Research最新文献

{"title":"Nationwide high-resolution heat risk projections and intervention cost analysis for the elderly in Japan under climate and demographic changes.","authors":"Takahiro Oyama, Jun'ya Takakura, Noriko N Ishizaki, Kazutaka Oka, Yasushi Honda, Yoshifumi Masago, Yasuaki Hijioka","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global warming and population aging are amplifying heat-related health risks in Japan. The country records approximately 1000 heatstroke deaths annually, over 80 % of which involve elderly people. This study aimed to project future elderly populations at risk of heat exposure and to evaluate the costs of potential interventions under climate and demographic changes. Using high-resolution (1 km) wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) projections combined with population data, we estimated the distribution and total of the at-risk elderly population (AREP), defined as the elderly population residing in grid cells where WBGT reach heatstroke risk thresholds, and their potential cumulative exposure (PCE, person-hours) under four shared socioeconomic pathways. We also projected intervention costs for residential air-conditioner installation and electricity subsidies. For the 2060s to the 2080s, using thresholds that reflect the regional vulnerability of the elderly, AREP was widely distributed across the mainland and southern areas, totaling 30-32 million. In most municipalities, AREP exceeded 40 % of the local population. PCE ranged from 4.8 billion person-hours under the lowest emission scenario to 10.0 billion under the highest, more than a twofold difference. Annual intervention costs were estimated at 164 to 177 million USD using 4 % discount rate. These costs were outweighed by benefits only when a low discount rate (0.1 %) was applied to future health impacts, underscoring the ethical implications of discounting in intergenerational health risk assessments. Our findings provide spatially detailed insights to support the design of effective, targeted interventions for managing future heat-health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122949"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential of microbial necromass for enhancing soil carbon sequestration: A global perspective on cropland management using meta-analysis.","authors":"Peng Wang, Ji Liu, Ying Liu, Lidong Mo, Junxi Hu, Zhiming Qi, Yong He, Qianjing Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The formation and sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC) in croplands are significantly regulated by microbial necromass, a process strongly influenced by agricultural management. However, how management affects microbial necromass carbon (MNC) and its contributions to SOC stocks from an agroecological perspective remains insufficiently understood. To address this issue, we collected 834 paired aggregated experimental data from 77 studies worldwide, incorporated the influence of climate factors and soil physical and chemical properties, and constructed a necromass carbon database to reveal the impact of cropland management practices on microbial necromass and SOC. Our finding shows that management practices mainly regulate microbial community composition and its metabolic efficiency by altering soil nutrient availability and physical and chemical conditions, promoting the formation and stock growth of MNC, with a contribution rate of 9.1 %-42.2 % to SOC. The highest MNC and SOC increments were observed with the combined application of mineral fertilizers and manure, reaching 0.55 Mg C ha^-1 and 1.39 Mg C ha^-1 respectively. This synergy is likely because mineral fertilizers provide readily available nitrogen that promotes microbial utilization of the organic matter supplied by manure. The total MNC and SOC stocks of this practice were 3.78 Mg C ha^-1 and 4.91 Mg C ha^-1. The proportion of microbial-necromass-derived C in newly-formed SOC increased with the management duration with mineral fertilizers, manure and their combination, indicating that sustained nutrient inputs foster a microbial community efficient in processing organic inputs into stable necromass. Furthermore, long-term mineral fertilization and manure application significantly increased the contribution of microbial necromass to newly sequestered SOC (reaching 46.9 % and 54.5 %, respectively), underscoring the critical role of sustained management. This study emphasizes the critical role of MNC in driving the SOC sequestration of croplands, and advances our understanding of how different management strategies modulate the microbial-driven carbon pathway to promote the dynamic changes of MNC and SOC, highlighting that optimizing microbial community functions through integrated practices is key to enhancing soil carbon sequestration.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123008"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Efficient and Durable α-Al₂O₃@ g-C₃N₄ System for High-Performance Cr(VI) Photoreduction.","authors":"Waheed Iqbal, Chuanguang Qin, Mudasir Ahmad, Shubhangi D Shirsat, Olivier Habimana, Ziyi Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The removal of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI)) from wastewater through photocatalysis remains a critical environmental challenge, necessitating the development of efficient and stable photocatalysts. In this study, hierarchical α-Al₂O₃@CNS (Al₂O₃@g-C₃N₄) composites with abundant heterojunctions were synthesized through a simple one-step thermal condensation process, leading to the formation of thin g-C₃N₄ nanosheets spatially distributed around submicron α-Al₂O₃ particles. The optimized 15Al₂O₃@CNS heterostructure achieved over 96% Cr(VI) reduction within 120 minutes, outperforming pure α-Al₂O₃, bulk g-C₃N₄, 15TiO₂@CNS, and 15In₂O₃@CNS, as well as many previously reported g-C₃N₄-based heterojunction systems. Kinetic studies confirmed that Cr(VI) reduction followed a pseudo-first-order reaction, with the 15Al₂O₃@CNS composite exhibiting a rate constant of 0.02996 min^-1, which is about 8.7 times higher than bulk g-C₃N₄ (0.00344 min^-1) and more than 20 times higher than α-Al₂O₃ (0.00148 min^-1). The superior activity is attributed to enhanced interfacial contact, increased surface area, and efficient electron trapping by α-Al₂O₃, which together promote effective charge separation and suppress recombination. This work highlights the potential of α-Al₂O₃ as an excellent support in heterojunction photocatalysts, offering a new strategy for designing highly efficient materials for environmental remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123018"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal pesticide exposure and neuroblastoma - A statewide case-control study in California.","authors":"Darcy Van Deventer, Beate Ritz, Myles Cockburn, Julia E Heck","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies investigating neuroblastoma risk and parental pesticide exposure have had mixed findings, with some evidence linking maternal occupational or residential exposure to increased risk. However, most assessed pesticides broadly rather than evaluating specific compounds. To our knowledge, no studies have examined ambient residential exposure to individual pesticides and neuroblastoma risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate associations between childhood neuroblastoma and prenatal exposure to specific pesticides through residential proximity to agricultural applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified neuroblastoma cases from the California Cancer Registry and cancer-free controls from birth certificates. Analyses were restricted to children born 1998-2016 whose mothers lived within 4,000 meters of an agricultural pesticide application during pregnancy (199 cases, 202,796 controls). Probable and possible carcinogens were selected based on U.S. EPA classifications and pesticide use was collected from the California Pesticide Use Reporting system linked to land-use surveys. Exposures were assessed using a 4,000m buffer around geocoded residential addresses at birth. We used a distance decay model and considered pregnancies exposed when the poundage per acre applied exceeded the pesticide-specific median. We analyzed 68 pesticides with at least 5 exposed cases using unconditional logistic regression and hierarchical models co-adjusted for all pesticides.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In hierarchical models, we observed elevated risks of neuroblastoma with prenatal exposure to flonicamid (aOR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.02-1.73), benomyl (aOR: 1.53; 95% CI: 0.98-2.38), cypermethrin (aOR: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.96-1.60), and permethrin (aOR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.96-1.50).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that ambient exposure to certain pesticides during pregnancy may increase the risk of neuroblastoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123027"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidation of xenobiotics in textiles for infants using non-targeted approaches: The role of fabrics as a source of early-life exposure to potentially harmful chemicals.","authors":"A Domínguez-Liste, E Linares-Ruiz, M O Schweiss, L Papay-Ramírez, C Freire, P Pérez-Serrano, R Quesada-Jiménez, F M Pérez-Carrascosa, V Mustieles, J P Arrebola, J Pérez-Del-Palacio, O Ballesteros, A Rodríguez-Carrillo, F Vela-Soria","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The contemporary textile industry utilizes a vast array of chemical substances spanning multiple functional and structural classes. Recent data suggest that over 8000 xenobiotic compounds may be employed throughout various stages of textile manufacturing. This widespread chemical usage raises significant public health concerns, particularly because the routine act of wearing clothing implies exposure on a daily basis. Of particular concern is the vulnerability associated with early-life exposure, especially during perinatal and childhood developmental periods. Accordingly, textiles intended for infant use warrant thorough investigation as a potential source of chemical exposure. The present study aimed to implement a non-targeted screening and suspect screening (NTS-SS) methodology to analyze 43 infant garments, with the goal of identifying xenobiotic substances with known or suspected hazardous properties. The selected clothing items were subjected to four distinct treatment conditions to evaluate the leaching behavior of detected compounds and thus their potential bioavailability. Thus, 303 chemicals have been identified, belonging to different classes: pesticides/biocides, adjuvant for biocides, surfactants, food additives/flavorings, fragrances, preservatives, UV filters/anticorrosion agents, intermediates chemical for production, flame retardants, plasticizers/rubber accelerators, pharmaceuticals, and natural products. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation to explore the potential infant exposure to textile-related xenobiotics using an NTS-SS approach. The findings contribute important evidence regarding the plausible health risks posed by chemical constituents present in fabrics designed for infant use.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123002"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145243500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards holistic river pollution source apportionment: Multi-Faceted framework across scenarios, media, pollutants, and sources.","authors":"Qifan Zhang, Xuefeng Guo, Weijun Sun, Zhibing Chang, Jiankui Liang, Juechun Li, Yanna Li, Guodong Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rivers harbor numerous compounds posing threats to ecological and human health, Identifying pollution sources and quantifying their transport processes are prerequisites for effective pollution prevention and control. This review systematically examines the evolution of river pollution source identification methodologies and critically assesses the applicability of key approaches-including source inventories, transport-diffusion models, receptor models, isotopic tracing, and machine learning (ML)-across diverse pollutants and scenarios, and provides the main criteria for identifying pollutants based on existing research. However, single-method applications face limitations in complex environments characterized by spatiotemporal water quality heterogeneity, pollutant additive effects, and nonlinear transport dynamics. To address this, 'customized' technical pathways paths for multiple media, multiple pollutants, and multiple pollutants have been established, featuring two types of composite frameworks: receptor-model-based and ML-based techniques. Integrating site-specific hydrogeographic characteristics, pollutant physicochemical properties, and transport processes enables quantitative tracking of dynamic source contributions and future predictions, enhancing results accuracy and interpretability. The review also outlines potential limitations of these customized approaches and proposes improvement strategies. The inherent complexity of river source apportionment stems from their dual roles as both sources and sinks, governed by hydrological features, hydraulic conditions, and ecological status. This synthesis provides theoretical and technical pathways for advancing river pollution source apportionment methodologies, offering valuable guidance for enhancing precision pollution control within watersheds.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122998"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental remediation of dual-model-pollutants in multi-water sources via controlled pyrolysis of ZIF-67-derived Co₃O₄/g-CN heterojunction: Real-world photocatalytic application.","authors":"Dong-Eun Lee, Azam Khan, Ahmad Husain, Mohtaram Danish, Wan-Kuen Jo","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a novel zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67)-derived Co₃O₄ and graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) based nanohybrid heterojunction (Co₃O₄/g-CN) was synthesized through a controlled thermal treatment process for highly efficient and stable photocatalytic environmental remediation in real-world water matrices. The thermal conversion of ZIF-67 into highly porous Co₃O₄ with retained structural integrity, coupled with the strategic incorporation of g-CN, facilitated the formation of a heterojunction that significantly enhanced charge carrier separation and mobility. Under mineralized water conditions, the Co₃O₄/g-CN (1:5) nanohybrid achieved outstanding photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of 99 % for dinoseb and 96 % for methyl orange within 75 min, with apparent rate constants of 0.0389 min^-1 and 0.0311 min^-1, respectively, an order of magnitude higher than the individual components. Moreover, mineralization efficiencies reached 73 % for dinoseb and 69 % for methyl orange within 150 min, as verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of transformation products. Structural and morphological stability, after repeated photocatalytic cyclic runs, was confirmed through X-ray diffraction and microscopic analyses, underscoring the robust nature of the nanohybrid. Lastly, we designed a type-II mechanistic heterojunction system, accountable for enhanced photocatalytic performance over Co₃O₄/g-CN nanohybrid. Ultimately, the synergistic interaction within the heterojunction sets a benchmark for advancing sustainable water treatment technologies, offering a scalable and effective solution to environmental pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123005"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Coupling of Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur Functional Genes in a Highly Dam-regulated International River.","authors":"Peifang Wang, Xiaolei Xing, Xun Wang, Bin Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.122988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.122988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cascade damming has profoundly altered river continuity and aquatic ecosystems; yet, its effect on the coupled cycling of nutrients, including carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), remains unclear, despite their interrelations. Thus, we used multi-element analysis to elucidate the variation patterns, coupling relationships, and driving mechanisms of CNPS functional genes along the Lancang River, a representative cascade river, and to identify the core nutrients that warrant concern in the coupling cycle. The findings revealed that damming markedly enhanced microbial diversity, network complexity, and stability due to increasing resource availability, while also shifting communities from r- to k-strategists. Elevated levels of CNPS genes were detected in the reservoirs attributable to nutrient accumulation and hydraulic retention time (HRT), but an increase in functional genes in reservoirs correlated negatively with HRT. Besides, cascade damming expedited the growth of the top 30 genera and keystone species, which are the primary contributors to the nutrient cycling. In comparison to others, the C functional genes exhibited the greatest susceptibility to cascade damming, probably owing to their essential role in metabolism and the multiple metabolic pathways involved. The networks of functional genes exhibited that cascade damming markedly increased complexity and coupling, with C-related genes identified by Zi-Pi analysis serving as pivotal functions for the coupling of multiple nutrients, thereby enhancing connectivity and diversity interaction among genes. These findings offer novel insights into microbial functional responses crucial for understanding the biogeochemical cycling of CNPS in cascade-damming rivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"122988"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient removal of Pb²⁺ by iron-doped hydroxyapatite: Synthesis, adsorption, kinetics and mechanisms.","authors":"Yan Li, Yuxia Zhong, Hang Lei, Qingfeng He, Fengchu Liao, Sisi Tang, Mengdi Liu, Yue-Fei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study reports the synthesis of an iron-doped modified hydroxyapatite (FeHAP-40) via an ultrasonic-microwave synergistic method, aiming to develop a high-performance adsorbent for Pb²⁺ removal from aqueous solutions. Material characterization was conducted using FT-IR, XPS, and XRD to clarify its structural and chemical properties. Systematic investigations were conducted on the effects of pH, temperature, initial concentration, and contact time on adsorption performance. Results demonstrated that Fe-HAP-40 achieved maximum adsorption capacity at pH 5, reaching equilibrium within three hours. The Pb²⁺ adsorption behavior followed a proposed two-stage kinetic model, while the isotherm data fitted well with the Langmuir model, yielding a maximum adsorption capacity of 1012.27 mg/g. The adsorption mechanism primarily involved ion exchange, surface complexation, and dissolution-precipitation. These findings highlight the significant potential of FeHAP-40 as an efficient adsorbent for industrial heavy metal wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123025"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industry and consumer products as lead exposure sources among children across 3 regions in Ghana.","authors":"Emily Nash, Caroline Baylor, Blessing Enyonam Gbadago, Wilson Baaku, Esmond Wisdom Quansah, Ursula Berger, Stephan Bose-O'Reilly","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2025.123013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2025.123013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of childhood lead exposure in low- and middle-income countries is garnering growing international attention. However, there is limited national and subnational data on blood lead levels and contributing sources of exposure. Between November 2022 and January 2023, lead exposure sources were assessed for 288 children from across 9 communities in 3 regions of Ghana: Greater Accra (4 communities), Ashanti (3 communities), and the Northern Region (2 communities). Study areas were selected to capture populations living near formal and informal lead-related industry, as well as control areas without known industrial activities. Study participants were selected as a subset from a blood lead sampling effort conducted by the Ghana Health Service, in partnership with Pure Earth and UNICEF, which included 3,227 children aged 12-59 months. Of all households included in the blood lead survey, 288 (9%) were randomly selected for detailed assessments to identify potential sources of lead exposure. These home-based assessments included data collection on soil, dust, drinking water, paint, metal and ceramic cookware, cooking spices, cosmetics, jewelry, and toys. With the exception of drinking water, all elements of the assessments were carried out with a portable X-Ray Fluorescence analyzer. Concentrations of lead above 100 ppm in soil surrounding households were found to raise the risk of a child's blood lead levels exceeding 10 μg/dL by 20 times. The use of traditional eyeliner (chilo) increased this risk by more than 40 times. The disparate sources identified highlight the need for representative sampling and home-based investigations to prioritize interventions to reduce blood lead levels. In Ghana, it is evident that interventions are required on multiple fronts with the involvement of diverse stakeholders to address the high prevalence of elevated blood lead levels, including mitigating industrial pollution as well as tightening controls on consumer products.</p>","PeriodicalId":312,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research","volume":" ","pages":"123013"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145237606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}