Justicia Islamica最新文献

{"title":"Indonesian Political Kleptocracy and Oligarchy: A Critical Review from the Perspective of Islamic Law","authors":"Anita Marwing","doi":"10.21154/justicia.v18i1.2352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v18i1.2352","url":null,"abstract":"This study discusses corruption in the Indonesian political system from Islamic law, particularly regarding the Kleptocracy and political oligarchy. One of the most basic corruption causes comes from an internal personality factor, human’s character; greedy and consumptive. Additionally, some factors also come from human external factors, namely the perpetrators' coercion because they are tied to a system. Corruption is carried out not only by individuals but also in cooperation/conspiracy between the bureaucracy and corporations and political parties. Elites called them Kleptocracy and political oligarchy. This research is descriptive qualitative research with an approach based on legal analysis. This research has found several things. First, corruption in the Indonesian political system can be categorized into acts of Ghulul (treachery), Risywah (Gratification/bribery), Khiyanah (Unfaithful), Sariqah (theft), and Hirabah (Grand Theft/ Robbery). Second. The strategy to eradicate corruption in an Islamic perspective can be carried out by imposing sanctions, including sanctions in the world's dimensions and the hereafter. This research encourages the strengthening of the socio-religious system, especially among religious leaders, as a preventive and curative form of handling corruption in the political system in Indonesia.Penelitian ini membahas tentang korupsi dalam sistem politik Indonesia dalam perspektif hukum Islam, khususnya tentang kleptokrasi dan oligarki politik. Salah satu faktor penyebab korupsi yang paling mendasar adalah faktor kepribadian internal yang tamak, rakus dan konsumtif. Selain itu ada faktor yang memberi pengaruh lebih besar yakni faktor yang datang dari luar diri manusia, karena korupsi yang terjadi dewasa ini kadang adanya unsur keterpaksaan pelaku sebab terikat dalam sebuah sistem. Korupsi saat ini tidak hanya dilakukan oleh perorangan melainkan dalam bentuk kerjasama/persekongkolan antara birokrasi dan korporasi serta para elit-elit partai politik yang disebut dengan kleptokrasi dan oligarki politik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan berdasarkan legal hukum analisis. Dalam penelitian ini menemukan beberapa hal. Pertama, korupsi dalam dalam sistem politik Indonesia dapat dikategorikan dalam perbuatan Ghulul (Berkhianat), Risywah (Gratifikasi/suap), Khiyanah (Khianat), Sariqah (pencurian), dan Hirabah (Pencurian Besar/Perampokan). Kedua. Strategi pengentasan korupsi dalam perspektif Islam dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian sanksi yang meliputi sanksi berdimensi dunia dan akhirat. Riset ini mendorong penguatan sistem sosio-religi terutama keadaan para pemuka agama sebagai bentuk preventif dan kuratif penanganan korupsi dalam sistem politik di Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":31294,"journal":{"name":"Justicia Islamica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67656348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity in Determining Maturity Age in Indonesian Law: Maqāsid Al-Sharῑah Perspective","authors":"Ali Sodiqin, Al-Robin Al-Robin","doi":"10.21154/justicia.v18i1.2621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v18i1.2621","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the emergence of diversity in determining the age of maturity in Indonesian laws, particularly in civil law, penal law, marriage law, and citizenship law. Maturity is a crucial element in determining a legal act. Therefore, the diversity of its determination can lead to overlap and ambiguity in determining the validity of legal action and legal accountability. This raises the question of why there is a difference in the determination of maturity age and its factors. Analysis of this problem of diversity in maturity age is carried out using the maqāsid al-sharῑah approach, using Jasser Auda’s system theory. The study shows that differences in the determination of maturity age in legislation are caused by differences in legal proficiency required, a legal paradigm used as a basis, and differences in the law's scope. In maqāsid al-sharῑah perspective, maturity age occupies a position as a wasilah or a strategy to achieve legal purposes, thus allows for diversity. The more interests are protected, the higher of age is set. The diversity of maturity ages has an interrelated hierarchy without causing any contradictions between laws. The maturity age difference is intended to fulfill legal authority requirements, proficiency to act, and authority to act, with their specifics.Artikel ini mengeksplorasi keragaman penetapan usia kedewasaan dalam perundang-undangan di Indonesia, khususnya dalam hukum perdata, pidana, perkawinan, dan kewarganegaraan. Kedewasaan merupakan unsur pokok dalam penetapan suatu perbuatan hukum. Terjadinya keragaman penetapannya dapat menimbulkan ambiguitas dan ketidakjelasan dalam penetuan keabsahan tindakan hukum dan pertanggungjawaban hukum. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan mengapa terjadi keragaman dalam penetapan usia kedewasaan dan apa faktor yang melatarbelakanginya. Analisis terhadap masalah keragaman usia kedewasaan ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan maqāsid al-sharῑah, dengan memanfaatkan teori sistemnya Jasser Auda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan penetapan usia kedewasaan dalam perundang-undangan disebabkan oleh perbedaan kecakapan hukum yang dituntut, paradigma hukum yang dijadikan dasar, dan ruang lingkup hukum. Dalam perpsektif maqāsid al-sharῑah, usia kedewasaan menempati posisi sebagai wasilah atau strategi mencapai tujuan hukum, sehingga memungknkan terjadinya keragaman. Semakin banyak kepentingan yang dilindungi maka semakin tinggi usia yang ditetapkan. Keragaman usia kedewasaan memiliki interrelasi hirarkhi, sehingga tidak menimbulkan kontradiksi antar undang-undang. Perbedaan usia kedewasaan ditujukan untuk memenuhi persyaratan kewenangan hukum, kecakapan bertindak, dan kewenangan bertindak yang memiliki kekhususan masing-masing.","PeriodicalId":31294,"journal":{"name":"Justicia Islamica","volume":"18 1","pages":"97-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47482273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qawā’id Al-Fiqhiyyah Analysis on The Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Unfair Business Competition: A Critical Review","authors":"Ahmad Fikri","doi":"10.21154/justicia.v18i1.2466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21154/justicia.v18i1.2466","url":null,"abstract":"Qawā'id Al-Fiqhiyyah has an essential role in identifying new problems that arisen for analysis whether they are following Islamic law or not. The purpose of forming qa'idah-qa'idah in realizing Maqashid Sharia in protecting community property rights must be implemented in every statutory regulation or established by the government. This article examines and analyzes the prohibition of monopolistic practices and unfair business competition in Law No. 5 of 1999 by using several qawā'id al-fiqhiyyah. This paper's study is based on literature data analyzed using qualitative research methods with a multidisciplinary approach. This study concludes that the Law on the prohibition of monopoly and unfair business competition in Law No. 5 of 1999, which contains the prohibition of control of production and marketing, the prohibition of fraud/ conspiracy, and the prohibition of using a dominant position under qawā'id al-fiqhiyyah, among others, namely the rules that say Lâ Yahtakiru illâ Khâthi'un, an-Najasyu Harâmun, and at-Tas'îr. The conformity of the objectives of laws and regulations with the establishment of qa’idah-qa’idah is something that the government must maintain in the Draft Law on the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition which is being programmed by the House of Representatives (DPR) of the Republic of Indonesia, so the purpose of being able to maintain community property rights can be implemented in this Law.Qawā’id Al-Fiqhiyyah mempunyai peran penting dalam mengidentifikasi permasalahan-permasalahan baru yang muncul untuk dianalisis apakah sudah sesuai dengan hukum islam atau tidak. Tujuan pembentukan qa’idah-qa’idah dalam mewujudkan Maqashid Syariah dalam menjaga hak milik masyarakat merupakan sesuatu yang harus diimplemantasikan dalam setiap peraturan perundang-undangan yang telah maupun yang akan dibentuk oleh pemerintah. Artikel ini mengkaji dan menganalisa tentang larangan praktik monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam Undang-undang No. 5 Tahun 1999 dengan menggunakan beberapa kaidah fikih. Kajian dalam tulisan ini berdasarkan data literatur yang dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan multidisipliner. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Undang-Undang tentang larangan monopoli dan persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam Undang-undang No. 5 Tahun 1999 yang berisi tentang larangan penguasaan produksi dan pemasaran, larangan kecurangan/persekongkolan, dan larangan menggunakan posisi dominan sudah sesuai dengan qawā’id al-fiqhiyyah antara lain yaitu kaidah yang mengatakan Lâ Yahtakiru illâ Khâthi’un, an-Najasyu Harâmun, dan at-Tas’îr. Kesesuaian tujuan peraturan perundang-undangan dengan tujuan dibentuknya qa’idah-qa’idah ini merupakan hal yang harus dipertahankan oleh pemerintah dalam Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha tidak Sehat yang sedang diprogramkan oleh Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia sehingga tujuan untuk menj","PeriodicalId":31294,"journal":{"name":"Justicia Islamica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46818988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repositioning the Independence of The Indonesian Waqf Board in the Development of National Waqf: A Critical Review of Law No. 41 of 2004 Concerning Waqf","authors":"Rimanto Rimanto, Sonny Zulhuda, A. Hermanto","doi":"10.21154/JUSTICIA.V18I1.2303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21154/JUSTICIA.V18I1.2303","url":null,"abstract":"Juridically, the laws and regulations have weakened the Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI) in the regulation of waqf, so that the set goals of the Indonesian Waqf Board have not fully achieved, including advancing and developing national waqf. The overlapping management and supervision of waqf by other institutions is suspected of causing BWI’s duties and authorities’ inadequacy. Besides, several crucial problems, including the Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI), have implications for the stagnation of BWI provisions’ implementation. These regulations have not been followed by the Indonesian Muslim community as a whole. What is interesting to examine is why the Indonesian Waqf Board is unable to function correctly? This study’s objective was to find ideal constructions about the position, duties, and authorities of BWI in advancing and developing national waqf. This study was a scientific evaluation with its qualitative-descriptive-analytical characteristics. The method used was qualitative analysis, and the results were presented descriptively. The pattern of reconstructing authority of the Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI) was a study of Law Number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf so that articles were compiled to lead to a genuinely independent, credible, and robust board in the governance of the Republic of Indonesia. Besides, it is necessary to have accreditation for BWI so that its \u0000management’s standardization is credible.","PeriodicalId":31294,"journal":{"name":"Justicia Islamica","volume":"18 1","pages":"59-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46080684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards New Sharia Governance for Islamic Financial Institutions","authors":"Abdulazeem Abozaid","doi":"10.21154/JUSTICIA.V18I1.2341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21154/JUSTICIA.V18I1.2341","url":null,"abstract":"Since its inception a few decades ago, the industry of Islamic banking and finance has been regulating itself in terms of Sharia governance. Although some regulatory authorities from within the industry, such as Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) and Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), the Islamic banking and finance industry remains to a great extent self-regulated. This is because none of the resolutions or the regulatory authorities' standards are binding on the Islamic financial institution except when the institution itself willingly chooses to bind itself by them. Few countries have enforced some Sharia-governance-related regulations on their Islamic banks. However, in most cases, these regulations do not go beyond the requirement to formulate some Sharia controlling bodies, which are practically left to the same operating banks. Furthermore, some of the few existing regulatory authorities' standards and resolutions are conflicted with other resolutions issued by Fiqh academies. The paper addresses those issues by highlighting the shortcomings and then proposing the necessary reforms to help reach effective Shariah governance that would protect the industry from within and help it achieve its goals. The paper concludes by proposing a Shariah governance model that should overcome the challenges addressed in the study.Pada awal berdiri, Lembaga Keuangan Syariah merupakan lembaga keuangan yang menerapkan Hukum Syariah secara mandiri dalam sistem operasionalnya. Ia tidak tunduk pada peraturan lembaga keuangan konvensional, sehingga dapat terus berkomiten dalam menerapkan Hukum Syariah secara benar. Selanjutnya, muncullah beberapa otoritas peraturan yang berasal dari pengembangan Lembaga Keuangan Syariah. Diantaranya adalah Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) dan Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). Hal ini tidak menyimpang dari kerangka peraturan Hukum Syariah, sebab standar peraturan dan keputusan yang dikeluarkan ditujukan khusus untuk Lembaga Keuangan Syariah saja. Beberapa Negara telah menerapkan peraturan tata kelola Hukum Syariah pada Bank Syariah mereka. Namun dalam banyak kasus, peraturan yang diterapkan tidak mampu mengontrol Lembaga Keuangan Syariah tersebut secara penuh. Sehingga, secara praktis proses pengawasan diserahkan kepada lembaga keuangan yang beroperasi. Akan tetapi, beberapa standar dan keputusan yang dikeluarkan oleh sebagian pemangku kebijakan bertentangan dengan keputusan yang dikeluarkan oleh beberapa akademi Fiqh. Artikel ini ditulis untuk menyoroti permasalahan yang timbul pada tata kelola Lembaga Keuangan Syariah, khususnya kekurangan yang tampak pada sistem tata kelola. Kemudian, penulis akan mengajukan usulan tentang efektifitas tata kelola Lembaga Keuangan Syariah yang bebas dari permasalahan.","PeriodicalId":31294,"journal":{"name":"Justicia Islamica","volume":"18 1","pages":"39-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43929559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of North Aceh Government for Building Women's Capacity Based on Islamic Values in Vocational Village","authors":"M. Malahayati, Laila M. Rasyid","doi":"10.21154/JUSTICIA.V18I1.2308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21154/JUSTICIA.V18I1.2308","url":null,"abstract":"Women have potential contributions to engage in productive activities and can help the family economy. A vocational village is a village setting a model for developing its local resources to improve inhabitants' quality of life, especially women in the village in North Aceh District, without leaving their Islamic values. This article described the role of government in enhancing women's capacity and local potentials in the vocational village with Islamic values using the empirical methodology. Data is obtained based on field research through purposive sampling collected by interviews with informants using qualitative analysis data. This study found that several training initiatives had been carried out to increase women's capacity, for example training in embroidery, handicrafts, and others. However, these initiatives were not based on the potential components that live in the village. Furthermore, Islamic values in the community in encouraging women in North Aceh have experienced a shift in Pande Village. This study recommends the need for more efforts to increase women's potential by promoting and exhibiting local products for empowering women in villages based on existing prospects without leaving Islamic values.Perempuan memiliki potensi untuk terlibat dalam kegiatan produktif dan dapat membantu perekonomian keluarga. Desa kejuruan adalah desa yang menjadi model pengembangan sumber daya lokalnya untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup penduduk, khususnya perempuan di desa di Kabupaten Aceh Utara tanpa meninggalkan nilai-nilai keislamannya. Artikel ini memaparkan peran pemerintah dalam meningkatkan kapasitas perempuan dan potensi lokal di desa vokasi yang bernuansa Islami dengan menggunakan metodologi empiris. Data diperoleh berdasarkan penelitian lapangan melalui purposive sampling yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan informan dengan menggunakan data analisis kualitatif. Studi ini menemukan bahwa beberapa inisiatif pelatihan telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas perempuan, misalnya pelatihan membordir, kerajinan tangan, dan lain-lain. Namun inisiatif tersebut tidak didasarkan pada potensi komponen yang ada di desa. Selanjutnya nilai-nilai Islam yang ada di masyarakat dalam mendorong proses pemberdayaan perempuan di Aceh Utara mengalami pergeseran di Desa Pande. Kajian ini merekomendasikan perlunya lebih banyak upaya untuk meningkatkan potensi perempuan dengan cara mempromosikan dan memamerkan produk-produk lokal untuk pemberdayaan perempuan di desa berdasarkan potensi yang ada tanpa meninggalkan nilai-nilai keislaman.","PeriodicalId":31294,"journal":{"name":"Justicia Islamica","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45457422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-Project Selling in A Property Business: The Perspective of Islamic Law","authors":"Agus Sekarmadji, R. Wiranata, Oemar Moechthar","doi":"10.21154/JUSTICIA.V18I1.2247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21154/JUSTICIA.V18I1.2247","url":null,"abstract":"Actors in the real estate market have developed a marketing strategy in the form of pre-project selling. This strategy is conducted to perform a market test for any property a developer intends to market. However, in practice, the system often poses problems, such as misrepresenting the property and inflicting customers' financial losses. From the perspective of Islamic law, this type of transaction is characterized as gharar (uncertainty, deception, and risk), having no exact object, and having forbidden. This article uses a Sharia-based perspective to analyze the characteristics of pre-project selling. This research aims to determine the legality of pre-project selling under Sharia law and prescribe solutions for society. The method used in this article is legal research, using legislation-based, conceptual, and case-based approaches, along with a comparison of national legislation with the written text of the al-Qur’an and hadith. The paper concludes that while pre-project selling should not be legally banned, there need steps taken to reduce its risks. This could be applied, for example, by creating minimum prerequisites for allowing pre-project selling, such as the existence of a plot for construction or the requirement of permits to be obtained before the pre-project sale. This research contributes to the development of legal science in general and Islamic jurisprudence, especially regarding Islamic law agreements' validity.Pelaku usaha dalam bidang properti telah mengembangkan strategi pemasaran berbentuk pre-project selling. Strategi ini dilakukan untuk melakukan tes pasar properti yang hendak dipasarkan oleh pengembang. Namun, dalam praktek, system ini sering menimbulkan masalah, seperti misrepresentasi terhadap properti, yang menimbulkan kerugian finansial pada pembeli. Dari perspektif hukum Islam, transaksi semacam ini merupakan transaksi gharar, yang tidak memiliki obyek yang jelas, dan dengan demikian dilarang. Artikel ini menggunakan perspektif berbasis syariah untuk menganalisa karakteristik dari pre-project selling. Tujuan riset ini adalah untuk menentukan legalitas pre-project selling dalam hukum Syariah dan memberikan solusi bagi masyarakat secara umum. Tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa sementara pre-project selling tidak perlu dilarang secara hukum, perlu ada langkah-langkah yang diambil untuk mengurangi risikonya. Hal ini dapat dilakukan, misalnya, dengan membuat prasyarat minimum untuk mengizinkan pre-project selling, seperti keberadaan sebidang tanah untuk konstruksi, atau persyaratan bahwa izin diperoleh sebelum penjualan. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan ilmu hukum pada umumnya dan ilmu hukum islam pada khususnya, terutama terkait keabsahan perjanjian di dalam hukum Islam.  ","PeriodicalId":31294,"journal":{"name":"Justicia Islamica","volume":"18 1","pages":"19-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47179347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The State Penghulu vs The Non-State Penghulu: The Validity and Implementing Authorities of Indonesian Marriage","authors":"A. Farabi","doi":"10.21154/JUSTICIA.V17I2.2180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21154/JUSTICIA.V17I2.2180","url":null,"abstract":"This research gives rise to the following questions: What is a valid marriage? Who holds the authority to grant it? Moreover, how does the existing authority(s) manifest among societies? This inquiry employs the socio-legal method by relying on doctrinal and empirical (ethnographic) approaches to answer these questions. The doctrinal approach applies to the first question and looks at how both the law and case law define a valid marriage. The ethnographic approach applies to the last two questions and looks at this law's functioning among society. As a result, this study reveals that the Marriage Law utilized registration to force people to comply with the law; otherwise, a religious marriage would not have the law force. An exemption applies only to marriages before enacting the Marriage Law, which is liable for retroactive validation. Later, this procedure is extended through case laws that apply isbath nikah (marriage validation) retroactively even to marriages after 1974 to accommodate unregistered marriages pervasive among society. The extended use of isbath nikah has made registration a mere administrative matter which no longer stands as a restriction to a religious marriage. Second, in practice, the judges’ lenient attitude toward isbath nikah has blurred the distinction between registered and unregistered marriages. The fluid distinction between these two provides a basis for Non-State Penghulus to exercise their authority alongside the State Penghulu. In this sense, the Non-State Penghulu appears as an alternative to the State Penghulu invalidating marriage among Muslims.Penelitian ini mendorong pertanyaan-pertanyaan berikut: apa yang dimaksud dengan perkawinan sah? Siapa yang berwenang menentukan keabsahan suatu perkawinan? Dan bagaimana otoritas (ragam otoritas) di bidang ini mengambil bentuk di tengah masyarakat. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini, penelitian ini menggunakan metode sociolegal dengan mengandalkan pendekatan doktriner dan empiris (etnografi). Pendekatan doktriner digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan pertama dengan melihat baik peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku maupun putusan-putusan pengadilan yang terkait. Pendekatan empiris digunakan untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan lainnya dengan melihat bagaimana aturan dogmatik tersebut berfungsi di tengah masyarakat. Sebagai hasilnya, pertama, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hukum perkawinan memenfaatan pencatatan sebagai mendium untuk memaksa masyarakat agar patuh terhadap hukum karena jika tidak maka sebuah perkawinan menjadi tidak berkekuatan hukum. Pengecualian hanya berlaku terhadap perkawinan yang diselenggarakan sebelum Undang-Undang Perkawinan yang masih bisa disahkan secara retroaktif. Belakangan prosedur ini diperluas dalam putusan-putusan pengadilan yang memberlakukan isbath nikah (pengesahan perkawinan) untuk mengesahkan perkawinan tidak tercatat, termasuk perkawinan setelah 1974 guna mengakomodir perkawinan tidak tercatat yang marak di tengah masyarakat. P","PeriodicalId":31294,"journal":{"name":"Justicia Islamica","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48971809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and The Implementation of Qawā’id Fiqhiyyah in E-Commerce","authors":"B. Suhada, Agus Alimuddin, Lisda Aisyah","doi":"10.21154/JUSTICIA.V17I2.2154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21154/JUSTICIA.V17I2.2154","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31294,"journal":{"name":"Justicia Islamica","volume":"17 1","pages":"365-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41794613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Transformation of DSN-MUI Fatwa in The Unit-Linked Products: A Contemporary Analysis","authors":"Atik Abidah","doi":"10.21154/JUSTICIA.V17I2.1960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21154/JUSTICIA.V17I2.1960","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to review more concretely how the fatwa position of DSN-MUI toward Sharia Insurance in Indonesia's legal system and how this fatwa is transformed by insurance companies in the form of Unit Link products. Researchers used library research methods, comparative and correlative approaches, and content analysis techniques to answer this. Based on the analysis, the position of the fatwa of DSN-MUI toward Sharia Insurance is hierarchically equivalent to the position of the laws and regulations based on the provisions stated in Article 1 paragraph 3 of Law No. 40 of 2014 on Insurance. Furthermore, from the aspect of transformation, it is found that there are three patterns of transformation used by insurance companies; there are patterns of adoption, expansion, and narrowing. The narrowing pattern is widely used because of the technical nature of the Unit Link. However, from the aspect of conformity with the fatwa, after the transformation process is carried out, especially in the fatwa of the DSN-MUI regarding wakalah bil ujrah by expanding the meaning of ujrah, it is resulted in deviations from sharia principles, especially considering the types of ujrah as stated in a limited manner in the fatwa. wakalah bil ujrah. This research contributes to providing a way to resolve the implementation of Unit Link.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengulas secara lebih konkrit bagaimana posisi fatwa DSN-MUI tentang Asuransi Syariah dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia dan bagaimana fatwa ini ditransformasikan oleh perusahaan asuransi dalam produk unit link. Untuk menjawab hal ini, peneliti menggunakan metode library research, pendekatan komparatif dan korelatif serta teknik content analysis. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedudukan fatwa DSN-MUI tentang Asuransi Syariah secara hierarkis setara dengan kedudukan peraturan perundang-undangan berdasarkan ketentuan yang tersurat dalam Pasal 1 ayat 3 UU No. 40 Tahun 2014 tentang Perasuransian. Selanjutnya, dari aspek transformasi, ditemukan tiga pola transformasi yang digunakan oleh perusahaan asuransi yakni pola adopsi, perluasan, dan penyempitan. Pola penyempitan banyak digunakan lantaran sifat teknis dari unit link. Sedangkan dari aspek kesesuaian dengan fatwa setelah dilakukan proses transformasi, khususnya dalam fatwa DSN-MUI tentang wakalah bil ujrah dengan melakukan perluasan makna ujrah mengakibatkan adanya penyimpangan terhadap prinsip syariah khususnya tentang jenis ujrah sebagaimana disebutkan secara limitatif dalam fatwa wakalah bil ujrah. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memberikan jalan penyelesaian implementasi unit link yang selama ini dianggap bermasalah.","PeriodicalId":31294,"journal":{"name":"Justicia Islamica","volume":"17 1","pages":"299-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49663812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}