Environmental Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Space-time cube reveals escalating light pollution in China's national parks: impact of boundary geometry and human activities (1992–2021)","authors":"Juan Wei ,&nbsp;Yongde Zhong ,&nbsp;Aimei Chen ,&nbsp;Hui Tang ,&nbsp;Dali Li","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light pollution has become a significant threat to global biodiversity and ecological health. With the increase of urbanization, protected areas such as national parks are increasingly affected by light pollution. Using the space-time cube model, the spatiotemporal patterns of light pollution and its correlation with multiple factors in five major national parks in China (Panda, Northeast Tiger and Leopard, Hainan Tropical Rainforest, Sanjiangyuan, and Wuyi Mountain) were analyzed from 1992 to 2021. The results show a significant upward trend in the light pollution indices across all five parks. The total nighttime lighting index (TNLI) experienced a 52.2-fold increase, while the mean nighttime lighting index (MNLI) rose by a factor of 1.1, the maximum nighttime lighting index (MANLI) by 0.6, and the total nighttime light area (TNLA) by 39-fold. Light pollution is influenced by park shape complexity and is mainly concentrated in boundary zones, window areas, settlements, and roads. The impact of building areas and human activities within park and outside the 1 km buffer zone on light pollution levels is significant, especially outside the park. These findings provide critical references for light pollution control in national parks, emphasizing the need for differentiated management strategies, optimizing park boundary shapes, setting up external buffer zones, and controlling light pollution both within and outside the parks to effectively protect biodiversity and ecological health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 126462"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of benzophenone-3 and octocrylene UV filters on polyethylene: analysis by HPLC-MS/MS and voltammetry with screen-printed electrodes","authors":"Albert Contreras‒Llin ,&nbsp;Mariana Palape Oxa ,&nbsp;José Manuel Díaz-Cruz ,&nbsp;Núria Serrano ,&nbsp;M. Silvia Diaz-Cruz","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) are persistent pollutants that can adsorb contaminants, facilitating their accumulation in aquatic ecosystems. The presence of UV filters (UVFs) such as benzophenone-3 (BP3) and octocrylene (OC), exacerbates this issue, particularly in coastal areas. This study presents an innovative dual-method approach combining high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV) to assess the adsorption of UVFs on polyethylene (PE), a widely found polymer in aquatic environments. Adsorption kinetics were analysed using pseudo-first-order (PFOM) and pseudo-second-order (PSOM) models, revealing a higher equilibrium sorption capacity for OC due to its stronger hydrophobic interactions with PE. A central composite design (CCD) was employed to enhance resources efficiency in experimentation and controlled experiments exposed the materials to both pure fresh water and synthetic seawater. The results indicate a higher adsorption affinity of OC on PE than BP3, attributed to its high octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow 6.88) and stronger hydrophobic interactions. Exposure time was the most influential variable across both media, while pH and temperature had a significant effect on BP3 adsorption in synthetic seawater. Hydrophobic partitioning, aided by van der Waals forces, was identified as the dominant interaction mechanism for both UVFs, with π–π and electrostatic interactions playing minimal roles due to the nature of the polymer. The study provides new insights into how polymer–pollutant interactions vary across environmental conditions and offers a novel voltammetric alternative for in-situ UVFs monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 126468"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic risk-based framework for BTEX bioremediation: integrating micro-exposure events and optimization strategies","authors":"Hadi Mouraki Aliabad ,&nbsp;Saeed Alimohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater contamination by BTEX compounds—benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene—poses serious environmental and public health risks, particularly in hydrogeologically complex industrial areas. This study proposes a novel, dynamic framework for in situ bioremediation of BTEX-contaminated groundwater at the Shiraz oil refinery site, integrating the Micro-Exposure Event (MEE) method as a central component for high-resolution, time-sensitive health risk assessment. Unlike conventional risk models that rely on long-term average concentrations, the MEE approach evaluates individual exposure events across temporal intervals, enabling the identification of short-term contaminant spikes that may otherwise go undetected. This enhances the accuracy and responsiveness of risk estimations, particularly in heterogeneous aquifer settings. To address the site's geological complexity—characterized by variable stratigraphy, non-uniform flow directions, and multiple pollution sources—the framework couples advanced simulation tools (MODFLOW 6 and MT3D-USGS) with adaptive optimization algorithms. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is employed for spatial optimization of well placement, while Differential Evolution (DE) is used for temporal adjustment of injection and extraction rates. Simulation results over a ten-year period demonstrate a 92 % reduction in benzene concentrations and sustained health risk levels below the U.S. EPA threshold of 1 × 10⁻⁶. Additionally, the optimized strategy achieves an 18 % reduction in total operational costs compared to baseline scenarios. By linking MEE-based risk evaluation with simulation-optimization techniques, the proposed framework offers a replicable and scalable approach for managing BTEX pollution in complex subsurface environments. It advances the state of practice by balancing environmental performance, cost-efficiency, and health protection in groundwater remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 126452"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic perturbations on contaminant behavior in low-permeability sediments: porewater metal dynamics and risk assessment implications","authors":"Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Hu ,&nbsp;Wenze Xiao ,&nbsp;Qiao-Guo Tan ,&nbsp;Rong Chen ,&nbsp;Minwei Xie ,&nbsp;Stuart L. Simpson","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126466","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126466","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment quality assessments often rely on equilibrium partitioning theory to predict dissolved contaminant concentration in porewaters. Yet, the theory assumes static conditions and may overlook the influence of hydrodynamic forces on contaminant mobility, particularly in low-permeability sediments. In this study, hydrodynamic microcosms simulating shear stresses of 0.02–0.28 Pa were used to investigate porewater metal concentrations over 32 days. As shear stress increased, porewater concentrations of redox-sensitive Fe and Mn decreased, reflecting enhanced oxidation. In contrast, Ni, Cu, and Cd concentrations increased with rising shear stress but were ultimately constrained by solubility limits. Zn and Pb remained relatively stable, reflecting limited remobilization likely due to rapid scavenging. To account for the uncertainty induced by hydrodynamic variability, we developed a quantitative framework integrating site-specific shear stress into risk assessments. Monte Carlo simulations estimated the uncertainty ranges of metal concentrations, with interquartile ranges of 2.4- to 5.4-fold for Cu, 1.9- to 2.9-fold for Ni, and 1.1- to 2.3-fold for Cd, suggesting moderate hydrodynamic influence on Cu risk and relatively low impact on Cd, Ni, Zn, and Pb. These findings improve understanding of contaminant behavior in dynamic aquatic environments, providing practical insights for refining risk assessment frameworks and enhancing environmental management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 126466"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global distribution characteristics, concentration correlations, and risk assessments for synthetic musks (SMs)","authors":"Jiayin Xi ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Wang ,&nbsp;Shunhao Ai ,&nbsp;Xusheng Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengtao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As substitutes for natural musks in cosmetics and personal care products, synthetic musks (SMs) are widespread in various environmental media and accumulate in organisms that may pose threats to the ecological environment and human health, so it is crucial to assess the ecological and health risks of SMs. In this study, global SMs concentration and toxicity data were collected to understand the distribution, concentration correlation and the risk. Results showed that SMs were mainly distributed in industrially developed countries from Europe, North America and East Asia. There were certain ratios of SMs concentrations among different environmental media and organisms globally, for example, the ratio of galaxolide (HHCB)/tonalide (AHTN) was 6.76 in global surface waters, HHCB and HHCB-lac had similar concentrations in Chinese human milk, suggesting that the other SMs can be predicted by a known SM. Although SMs generally posed low risks (HQ_env &lt; 0.1) to the environment and human health, some SMs may pose higher risks to the sensitive species (1 % and 5 % species) and to human in some areas (China, Belgium, the United States and Korea) through different exposure routes. This study provides global insights into the environmental fate, as well as the ecological and health risks associated with SMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 126464"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the effectiveness of seaweed transplants in reflecting seawater pollution levels","authors":"Antón Vázquez-Arias ,&nbsp;M. Teresa Boquete ,&nbsp;J. Ángel Fernández ,&nbsp;Jesús R. Aboal","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seaweed transplants have been widely used to monitor coastal marine pollution, yet their effectiveness in reflecting seawater elemental concentrations remains uncertain. This study investigated the relationship between elemental concentrations in <em>Fucus vesiculosus</em> transplants (both fresh and dried) and seawater samples representative of the transplants’ exposure period collected using autosamplers. The transplants were deployed across 22 coastal sites in northwest Spain over 14 days. No significant correlations were found between seawater elemental concentrations and those in transplants for any element. Similarly, seawater physicochemical properties (pH, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and temperature) and the pre-exposure concentrations in transplants had minimal influence on post-exposure levels. Elemental concentrations in native seaweeds at the exposure sites were not correlated with those in transplants (except for Zn in the fresh transplants) and did not reflect seawater concentrations either. These findings highlight that element concentrations in seaweed do not follow a straightforward linear relationship between exposure and tissue concentrations. Instead, they result from a complex interplay of various, yet unknown environmental factors that influence element bioavailability in the water and the physicochemical properties of the seaweed. This complexity calls into question the suitability of seaweed transplants as effective biomonitors for marine pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 126456"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic attenuation of Cd accumulation in rice through stage-specific flooding: Synergistic coordination of rhizospheric Cd bioavailability, microbial communities, and iron plaque speciation","authors":"Weijian Wu ,&nbsp;Wenjun Yang ,&nbsp;Feiyu Zheng ,&nbsp;Qiying Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiao Ma ,&nbsp;Yingyue Zhao ,&nbsp;Si Luo ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Qingru Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiao Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous flooding (CF) effectively mitigates rice cadmium (Cd) contamination but raises concerns about water scarcity and greenhouse gas emissions, limiting sustainability. Therefore, there is a need for water management strategies that can reduce Cd accumulation in rice without the substantial resource demands of CF. Field trials conducted in Cd-contaminated paddy fields in southern China compared eight water management strategies, including continuous drainage (CD), stage-specific flooding, and CF, to identify alternatives for reducing rice Cd accumulation. Delaying flooding stages and extending flooding duration progressively decreased Cd levels in rice tissues. Although CF achieved the lowest brown rice Cd levels (0.04–0.06 mg/kg), it also caused yield reductions. Among the alternatives, grain-filling stage flooding resulted in a reduction of Cd levels in brown rice compared to vegetative-stage flooding, decreasing the health risks of Cd from intake of brown rice. Specifically, grain-filling stage flooding for 20 days (FG20) was particularly effective, reducing Cd concentrations in brown rice by 82.74 % (YA) and 28.61 % (HG) compared to CD, and by 3.67 %–74.82 % compared to vegetative-stage flooding. FG20 significantly reduced soil Cd bioavailability to levels comparable to CF, while also similarly increasing soil pH and promoting iron plaque formation compared to CD. Additionally, FG20 modulated the soil microbial community, stimulating Cd-immobilizing bacteria (e.g., <em>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13</em>, <em>Oxobacter</em>) while suppressing Cd-mobilizing bacteria (e.g., <em>Porphyrobacter</em>, <em>Anaerolinea</em>), stabilizing Cd in soil. Collectively, extending the grain-filling stage flooding duration (e.g., to 20 days) in Cd-contaminated rice production areas can both significantly reduce water resource consumption and facilitate practical implementation for farmers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 126455"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hair analysis as a non-invasive method for assessing the exposure of wildlife to per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)","authors":"Marco Picone ,&nbsp;Simone Marangoni ,&nbsp;Giulia Silan ,&nbsp;Annamaria Volpi Ghirardini ,&nbsp;Rossano Piazza ,&nbsp;Tiziano Bonato","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In mammals, exposure to PFAS is usually assessed by measuring burdens in internal organs (i.e., liver and brain) or plasma, while less emphasis is devoted to non-invasive and non-destructive methods. We assess the suitability of hair as a non-invasive matrix for monitoring the exposure of mammals to 33 PFAS, including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs), perfluoroalkylether carboxylic acids (PFECAs), perfluoroalkylether sulfonic acids (PFESAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonyl fluoride-based substances (PASFs), and fluorotelomers (FTs). The Red fox is chosen as the target species due to its apical position in the terrestrial food web of the study area, the Cavallino-Treporti peninsula in North-East Italy. All analysed samples (n = 24) are positive for PFAS, with eight compounds quantified in all samples, including PFHxA, PFOA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTriDA, PFTeDA, and PFOS. The highest mean concentration in hair samples is measured for PFOS (1.40 ± 0.48 ng g⁻¹ dw) followed by PFDoDA (0.31 ± 0.05 ng g⁻¹ dw), and PFOA (0.31 ± 0.19 ng g⁻¹ dw), while the mean ∑₃₃PFAS was 3.41 ± 0.93 ng g⁻¹ dw. The dominance of PFOS and long-chain PFAS in the PFAS profile and the occurrence of compounds with even-numbered carbon chains at higher concentrations than the odd-numbered compounds with a one-carbon longer chain (i.e., PFOA &gt; PFNA, PFDA &gt; PFUnDA, PFDoDA &gt; PFTriDA) suggest the trophic transfer along the terrestrial food web as the primary exposure pathway in the study area. The data suggest hair analysis as a reliable, non-invasive method for assessing the possible exposure of mammals to PFAS and suggested that the Red fox can be used as a sentinel of the environment, embracing the One Health perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 126443"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term evaluation for estimating soil arsenic contamination using Pinus densiflora needles with phosphorus as a supplementary indicator","authors":"Eunji Chae ,&nbsp;Hyun-Gi Min ,&nbsp;Min-Suk Kim ,&nbsp;Yun-Sik Lee ,&nbsp;Jeong-Gyu Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abandoned mines release arsenic (As), which poses severe environmental and health risks through soil–plant–human exposure pathways. This study evaluated the potential use of <em>Pinus densiflora</em> for estimating soil As contamination and assessed whether phosphorus (P) concentration in needles could serve as a supplementary indicator. Soil samples with 33.71–3017.02 mg kg⁻¹ As concentrations and 4.90–8.55 pH were collected upstream and downstream of a mine waste dam, and first-year pine seedlings were cultivated for six months. The As accumulation patterns in 1- and 2-year-old needles were analyzed, and their relationships with soil As fractions, including total As, Olsen-extractable As, and fraction 1 + 2 of Wenzel extraction, were examined. Among the soil As fractions, Olsen-extractable As showed the strongest correlation with needle As concentrations, particularly in 2-year-old needles (<em>r</em> = 0.872, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). A multiple regression model including P in 2-year-old needles to predict Olsen-extractable As, in addition to As concentration in 2-year-old needles, improved the model's explanatory power (<em>R</em>²) from 0.761 to 0.828 and decreased the Akaike information criterion (<em>AIC</em>) from 119.88 to 115.95, indicating enhanced model fitness. These findings demonstrate the potential of <em>P. densiflora</em> needles for soil As contamination assessment, with P serving as a valuable supplementary indicator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 126458"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying regional transport contributions to PM2.5-bound trace elements in a southeast coastal island of China: Insights from a machine learning approach","authors":"Naihua Chen ,&nbsp;Jianyong You ,&nbsp;Qing Lin ,&nbsp;Limei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Zeng ,&nbsp;Yue Gao ,&nbsp;Jinfeng Zeng ,&nbsp;Baoye Hu ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying and quantifying pollution sources and their associated health risks are essential for formulating effective pollution control policies. This study analyzed PM_2.5-bound trace elements based on one year of sampling data collected from a low-PM_2.5 island in southeastern coastal China. A de-weathered model based on the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was applied to remove meteorological influences and estimate local baseline pollutant concentrations. By combining backward air mass trajectories with de-weathered concentrations, we quantified the variation in transport contributions among different trajectory types. Results indicated that meteorological factors reduced PM_2.5 and anthropogenic trace element concentrations by 36.7 %–58.4 % in summer, but increased them by 6.4 %–26.0 % in winter. In contrast, elements related to shipping emissions showed an opposite trend. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) identified industrial and shipping emissions as the two main sources of trace elements, originating from distinct regions. Shipping emissions contributed greatly health risks in summer, while industrial emissions dominated in other seasons. The non-carcinogenic risk (NCR) remained within acceptable levels, whereas carcinogenic risks (CR) exceeded recommended thresholds. Marine airflows (MA), inland airflows (IA), and local airflows (LA) altered trace element concentrations by −3.7 %, +6.4 %, and −5.4 %, respectively. These airflow types changed NCR by −16.4 %, +8.2 %, and −13.5 %, and CR by −4.1 %, +4.7 %, and −28.9 %, respectively. These findings underscore the substantial impact of regional transport on trace elements and the critical need for coordinated regional air quality management, offering new insights into pollutant sources and their associated health risks in relatively less polluted coastal regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"377 ","pages":"Article 126448"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}