Environmental Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Coastal winds alter the continental airborne bacterial diversity and pathogenicity over Chulkati Island in Sundarban, India.","authors":"Antara Pramanick, Md Abu Mushtaque, Shahina Raushan Saikh, Sanat Kumar Das","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sundarban experiences diurnal offshore-onshore wind circulation that facilitates enhanced airborne bacterial loading in polluted continental air, originating from densely populated and highly polluted Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) through offshore wind, and reduces their abundance in onshore wind. Total suspended airborne samples are collected under offshore and onshore wind conditions, and airborne bacterial community, pathogenicity, and functional profiles are characterized using non-culture-based 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Coastal airborne bacterial loading in offshore wind (1.5 ± 0.3 × 10⁵ m^-3) is reduced by half compared to that in onshore wind (0.8 ± 0.2 × 10⁵ m^-3). Sundarban coastal winds are responsible for one-third of the variation in airborne bacterial diversity, with a higher Shannon's diversity index of 3.3 ± 0.2 in offshore winds than 2.6 ± 0.6 in onshore wind, indicating a substantial decline in airborne bacterial diversity under marine influence. Airborne pathogens associated with human, animal, and plant infections are predominant in offshore wind, whereas their abundance declines by more than threefold in onshore winds, suggesting a significant reduction in airborne bacterial diversity under marine atmospheric stressors, such as higher salinity and reflected solar radiation by the sea surface. The present study reveals that continental airborne pathogens present in polluted offshore wind, dominated by taurine and hypotaurine metabolism gene, have potential to survive in a harsh marine atmosphere and return with relatively cleaner onshore wind to the IGP via Sundarban, which has a significant impact on public health in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"128945"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148756959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic toxicity of thiamethoxam in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain): Oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and growth retardation.","authors":"Zhennan Wang, Ye Sun, Kaiming Luo, Shaolin Yao, Ce Shi, Changkao Mu, Chunlin Wang, Pingping Zhan, Yangfang Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thiamethoxam (TMX), a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, poses a potential threat to non-target aquatic organisms. However, systematic toxicity evaluations on economically important crustaceans remain limited. This study comprehensively investigated the toxic effects and possible mechanisms of TMX on the mud crab Scylla paramamosain. Acute toxicity testing revealed a 96-h median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of 8.78 mg/L, suggesting moderate toxicity. Following a 21-day exposure to sublethal concentrations (8.8, 88, and 880 μg/L), TMX and its metabolite clothianidin accumulated in mud crabs in a tissue- and concentration-dependent manner, with the highest levels detected in the gut. While a two-phase enzyme system appeared to contribute to TMX detoxification, its efficiency may have been suppressed at higher concentrations and over longer durations. Consequently, despite indications of an activated Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response, TMX induced significant oxidative stress and hepatopancreatic damage in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Notably, neurobehavioral alterations-including limb curling and impaired righting ability-were observed at 880 μg/L TMX. Mechanistic analyses suggested that these deficits may be associated with perturbations in cholinergic signaling and interference in tryptophan metabolism in the thoracic ganglia, potentially leading to neurotransmitter dysregulation. These multiple physiological impacts observed at 880 μg/L TMX collectively corresponded with significant growth inhibition, reflected in reduced survival, molting, and weight gain rates. In contrast, the two environmentally relevant concentrations (8.8 and 88 μg/L) posed relatively low actual ecological risk to mud crabs under the conditions tested. Overall, TMX presents negligible risk at current environmental levels, but projected higher concentrations may cause substantial toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"408 ","pages":"128997"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal history modulates PFUnDA and PFTeDA toxicity in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.","authors":"Gonçalo Silva, Marta Cunha, Amadeu M V M Soares, Diana Aga, Rosa Freitas","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent contaminants of increasing concern in aquatic ecosystems, yet their interactions with climate-related stressors remain insufficiently understood. This study evaluated whether prior exposure to a moderately elevated temperature modifies the sub-cellular responses of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to two long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTeDA). Mussels were pre-exposed to 23 °C for 6 days and then exposed for 14 days at 17 °C to PFUnDA or PFTeDA at a nominal concentration of 20 ng/L. A multi-biomarker approach showed that PFAS exposure at 17 °C induced moderate biochemical changes, mainly involving metabolic depression and antioxidant modulation, with limited oxidative damage. In contrast, thermally pre-exposed mussels displayed higher metabolic activity, increased energy consumption, stronger antioxidant and detoxification responses, and reduced cellular energy allocation, indicating a more energetically demanding physiological state. The strongest integrated response was observed in PFTeDA-exposed mussels after thermal pre-exposure, suggesting compound-specific effects consistent with chain-length-related physicochemical behaviour. However, because exposure concentrations were nominal and internal PFAS burdens were not measured, this interpretation should be considered a mechanistic inference rather than direct evidence of differential bioaccumulation. Overall, these findings indicate that thermal history can reshape sublethal PFAS responses in marine mussels and highlight the need to incorporate stressor sequence, internal exposure and food availability into future ecological risk assessments under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"128662"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148358682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated computational and in vivo evidence prioritizes MYH6 as a candidate node in PFOS-associated HCM-like cardiac remodeling.","authors":"Hao Gao, Li Ma, Shiyi Tan, Xulei Zuo, Wei Wang, Linlin Zhang, Qin Ding, Rongli Sun, Yuepu Pu, Juan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), particularly perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), persist in humans and have been associated with cardiovascular outcomes, but cardiac-specific molecular responses remain incompletely characterized. We integrated transcriptomic screening, ensemble machine learning, molecular docking and 100-ns molecular dynamics, cross-species cardiac single-cell atlases with virtual knockout, and a time-stratified mouse exposure study (approximately 5 μg/kg/d for 4-8 weeks) to prioritize candidate molecular nodes associated with PFOS-related cardiac remodeling. Robustness analyses supported the stability of the machine-learning prioritization, and MYH6 was repeatedly selected and enriched in cardiomyocytes across human and mouse atlases. Docking and simulation supported a structurally plausible modeled PFOS-MYH6 complex. In exposed mice, Myh6 expression declined over time as septal asymmetry and interstitial fibrosis increased. Batch docking revealed 11 of 26 PFAS with scores at least as favorable as PFOS, indicating compound-level variation in modeled MYH6 compatibility. Together, the data prioritize MYH6 as a candidate molecular node associated with PFOS-related HCM-like remodeling and integrate these multiscale observations into a testable putative AOP-like hypothesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"128925"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diurnal variations of ozone formation sensitivity in southeastern China based on GEMS: Insights from gridded thresholds and machine learning.","authors":"Naihua Chen, Jianyong You, Yuxiang Yang, Yuchao Liu, Jinfeng Zeng, Shuyao Chen, Yi Zhao, Hongkai Xu, Baoye Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropospheric ozone (O₃) formation is often limited by NOx, VOCs, or both, necessitating detailed understanding of its spatiotemporal sensitivity for effective control. This study used hourly Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) data to investigate the diurnal variations of O₃ formation sensitivity over Fujian Province, Southeast China, during the 2024 warm season. GEMS observations reveal pronounced diurnal and spatial heterogeneity in O₃ precursor indicators. Gridded (0.25°) HCHO/NO₂ thresholds for regime transitions were derived from a steady-state O₃-NOx-VOC model with GEOS Composition Forecast (GEOS-CF) simulations. The NOx-Limited transition threshold ( [Formula: see text] ) declines notably from 08:45 to 13:45 LT and is substantially higher in coastal than inland regions. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning with Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis indicates that [Formula: see text] is dominantly governed by VOC reactivity (VOCR) across scales. After applying the gridded thresholds, we find that warm season O₃ production across Fujian is predominantly NOx-Limited, with the province-wide fraction rising from ∼71% at 08:45 LT to 92% at 14:45 LT. Inland areas remain NOx-Limited all day, whereas coastal cities display morning VOC-Limited conditions that shrink toward urban cores; many of which stay VOC-Limited during peak photochemistry hours. Thus, in high-emission coastal urban centers, NOx-only controls may be ineffective or counterproductive, requiring prioritized VOC reductions. In contrast, NOx abatement remains a critical priority for inland regions. This work highlights the unique capability of GEMS to resolve diurnal precursor variability and demonstrates that spatially and temporally differentiated control strategies are essential for effective O₃ mitigation in Fujian and similar coastal regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"128966"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic and antagonistic interactions of PM_2.5 with high and low temperatures on sperm motility: Evidence from a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Shuo Wang, Wanjing Tan, Mengyao Gao, Wenliang Li, Qinglan Zheng, Rongrong Jiang, Zhe Tong, Hao Wu, Minhao Shao, Huifen Xiang, Yubo Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128910","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given that temperature and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) may jointly influence semen quality through overlapping biological pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and endocrine disruption, while epidemiological evidence regarding their interaction remains limited, we conducted this study to evaluate their associations and potential interactions. We applied linear mixed models (LMMs) with natural cubic splines to characterize potential nonlinear associations between temperature and semen quality. To further examine whether these associations differed by PM_2.5 exposure levels, we conducted stratified piecewise regression analyses of temperature separately within the higher and lower PM_2.5 exposure groups across the low- and high-temperature segments. Temperature showed inverted U-shaped associations with semen quality during the 0-90, 0-9, 10-14 day exposure windows. Further stratified piecewise regression analyses suggested a synergistic interaction between high temperature and PM_2.5 and an antagonistic interaction between low temperature and PM_2.5, mainly affecting progressive motility and total motility. Our findings suggest that PM_2.5 may modify the association between temperature exposure and sperm quality, particularly progressive motility and total motility, and that the combined effect of high temperature and PM_2.5 warrants further attention in male reproductive health research and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"128910"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148757028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to 'Field-calibrated threshold-distance assessment of lead dispersion from controlled lead-acid battery plate combustion' [Environ. Pollut. 408 (2026) 128853].","authors":"Md Shaheduzzaman Roky, Md Hasib Mia, Subroto Kumar, Mst Shahanaz Islam Hira, Shahat Shiddiqe, Mahadi Hasan, Asad Ud-Daula","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129111","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"129111"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148917827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-class urinary antibiotic exposure, dietary sources, and childhood overweight and obesity risk through lipid metabolic disruption: evidence from multicenter cohorts in China.","authors":"Xinli Song, Jieyu Liu, Li Chen, Yi Zhang, Ruolin Wang, Jianuo Jiang, Lan Zhang, Yanle Xiong, Jingyang Su, Ziqi Dong, Yang Qin, Dengcheng Zhang, Zhenting Lu, Zhiying Song, Jinghong Liang, Jun Ma, Yanhui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given widespread antibiotic use and residues, this study examined associations of multi-class urinary antibiotic exposure with childhood overweight and obesity (OWOB) risk, identified potential dietary sources, and explored lipidomic signatures and potential indirect effects. We analyzed two cohorts from China: the 4C cohort (Inner Mongolia, 2024; n = 692) for diet-exposure analyses and the CBPEF cohort (Xiamen, 2018/2020; n = 594) for repeated-measures exposure-adiposity and lipidomics analyses. Twenty-four urinary antibiotics across six classes were measured by LC-MS/MS. BMI percentile, OWOB, and untargeted serum lipidomics were assessed, with lipidomics performed in a CBPEF subsample of 73 children. Multi-class antibiotic exposure and co-exposure were common in both cohorts, with >94% of children in the 4C cohort and ≥98% in the CBPEF cohort having at least two detected antibiotics. In the 4C cohort, fish/seafood intake was associated with higher detection of sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and quinolones, with the strongest diet-exposure association observed for seafood intake and sulfonamide detection (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.05-4.48), whereas plant-based intake was inversely associated with total detected antibiotic counts (β = -0.492). In the CBPEF cohort, each additional antibiotic detected was associated with a 0.63-point increase in BMI percentile (95% CI: 0.34-0.92), and each additional human antibiotic detected was associated with 14% higher odds of OWOB (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04-1.24). Cumulative sulfonamide, quinolone, macrolide, tetracycline, and phenicol counts were positively associated with BMI percentile (β range: 1.15-2.45). Lipidomic analyses identified 102 candidate lipids shared by urinary antibiotic exposure metrics and BMI percentile, with PC1-based indirect-effect signals across multiple antibiotic classes and pathway annotations mainly involving steroid/cholesterol-related metabolism. These findings suggest that contemporary Chinese children and adolescents commonly experience multi-class antibiotic exposure, particularly involving quinolones and macrolides, which may partly reflect dietary and environmental sources and contribute to childhood obesity risk, with lipidomic signatures suggesting involvement of steroid/cholesterol-related metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"128907"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148676480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Aging Microplastics and Embedded Light Stabilizers on Extracellular Substances Secreted by Chlorella vulgaris.","authors":"Ganning Zeng, Yan Hong, Shixian Wen, Chenlei Dong, Tiansheng Chen, Peirui Liu, Xiangliang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The environmental release of chemical additives from aging microplastics (MPs) and the associated ecological risks have attracted increasing research attention. Nevertheless, systematic investigations on the biological impacts of light stabilizers leached from aging MPs remain limited. In particular, the divergent toxic impacts of leachates derived from pristine versus aged stabilizer-modified MPs remain poorly elucidated. Herein, a multi-dimensional toxicological evaluation integrating physiological responses, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion, and transcriptomic profiling was conducted. Four typical light stabilizers (TiO₂, HS-944, BP-3, NBC) were compounded with polyethylene (PE) microspheres to construct composite MPs, and Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) was employed as the model aquatic microalgae to explore algal response to leachates from both pristine and aged composite systems, focusing on extracellular secretion and underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. Results revealed that light stabilizers synchronously released during MPs aging significantly interfered with photosynthetic performance and energy metabolism of C. vulgaris, and profoundly reshaped algal extracellular secretion profiles of proteins, polysaccharides, and their subsequent assembly into transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs). Such toxic disturbances mainly stem from impaired light absorption and transduction by photosynthetic pigments, disordered cell cycle, and oxidative stress-mediated modulation of intracellular signaling cascades and gene expression. As the most toxic agent among the four tested stabilizers, BP-3 exposure exhibited unique dual effects. Pristine BP-3/PE significantly elevated algal mortality and overproduction of extracellular proteins and polysaccharides, whereas aged BP-3/PE composites strongly suppressed TEP formation as a stress-adaptive extracellular response. These findings elucidate the toxicological characteristics and underlying molecular mechanisms of microalgal responses to aging-derived light stabilizer contamination, providing fundamental scientific evidence for the ecological risk management and pollution control of aquatic MPs contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"129371"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent and Joint Associations of Long-Term Ambient Meteorological Exposures and Socioeconomic Deprivation with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Jinqun Cheng, Ge Chen, Yanhui Gao, Gregory Y H Lip, Xuejiao Chen, Junguo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.129375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although acute meteorological events are recognized cardiovascular hazards, the combined cardiovascular impacts of long-term meteorological exposures and socioeconomic deprivation remain poorly characterized. Among 469,347 UK Biobank participants, we evaluated independent and interactive associations of 1-year average ambient temperature, relative humidity, and the Townsend deprivation index (TDI) with incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiovascular death. Over median 13.7-year follow-up, 31,626 MACE, 12,565 strokes, 17,062 MIs, and 7,161 cardiovascular deaths occurred. In Cox models, the highest versus lowest temperature category was associated with lower MACE risk (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84-0.91), whereas high humidity (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.14) and high deprivation (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.34-1.44) were independently associated with elevated risk. Under a counterfactual assigning the least deprived category's risk to both more deprived categories, 11.75% (95% CI, 9.68-13.77%) of incident MACE and 17.15% (12.68-21.39%) of cardiovascular deaths over 10 years would be attributable to deprivation (total-effect specification, omitting smoking, body mass index, hypertension and diabetes; fully adjusted, 6.67% and 11.09%). Temperature and humidity showed multiplicative interactions with TDI: versus the joint low-risk reference, low temperature with high deprivation had HR 1.55 (95% CI, 1.40-1.71) for MACE and high humidity with high deprivation HR 1.51 (1.34-1.71); additive interactions were significant only at intermediate temperature or intermediate humidity (RERI, 0.20 and 0.16). The deprivation gradient was stable in every sensitivity analysis; the temperature association did not persist within assessment centres, nor the humidity association under a time-varying specification, although both persisted across exposure windows and air-pollution adjustment. These findings indicate that long-term lower temperatures and higher humidity, together with socioeconomic deprivation, are independently and jointly associated with elevated cardiovascular risk, underscoring the need for integrated climate and social welfare policies to mitigate health disparities in vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"129375"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}