Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi最新文献

{"title":"Membangun Bencana: Tinjauan Kritis atas Peran Negara dalam Kasus Lapindo","authors":"A. Novenanto","doi":"10.7454/mjs.v20i2.4263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mjs.v20i2.4263","url":null,"abstract":"Artikel ini berangkat dari pernyataan problematik yang dilontarkan Joko ‘Jokowi’ Widodo pada 29 Mei 2014 tentang perlunya negara hadir dalam kasus Lapindo. Pernyataan itu bisa muncul karena asumsi yang berkembang selama ini menyatakan bahwa negara absen dalam kasus Lapindo. Artikel ini muncul untuk mempersoalkan ‘kebenaran’ pernyataan itu. Mengikuti definisi ‘bencana pembangunan’ yang ditawarkan Oliver-Smith, artikel ini hendak menghadirkan bukti-bukti kehadiran negara dalam kasus Lapindo. Argumen artikel ini adalah bencana bukanlah semata peristiwa tapi juga proses, yang dapat diurai dengan menelusuri rerantai agenda politik yang melingkupinya. Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE This article begins with one problematic statement of Joko ‘Jokowi’ Widodo on May 29, 2014 regarding the need of state’s presence to deal with the Lapindo case. Such a statement may emerge following a shared assumption that the state has been absent in the case. This article is written to problematize ‘the truth’ of such statements. Adopting Oliver-Smith’s definition of ‘disasters of development’, this article intends to re-traces the presence of the state in the case. The article is to argue that disaster is not just an event but also a process, which can be elaborated through an examination of encompassing political agendas. Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE","PeriodicalId":31129,"journal":{"name":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","volume":"20 1","pages":"159-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/mjs.v20i2.4263","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71341193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pola Eskalasi Konflik Pembangunan Infrastruktur: Studi Kasus Pembangunan Waduk Jatigede Kabupaten Sumedang","authors":"Dicky Rachmawan","doi":"10.7454/mjs.v20i2.4618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mjs.v20i2.4618","url":null,"abstract":"Tulisan ini membahas tentang proses meningkatnya konf lik yang timbul akibat pembangunan Waduk Jatigede, khususnya pada masa prakonstruksi, yang dapat dilihatdari aspek struktural dan prosesual dengan menggunakan teori konf lik. Sebaliknya, tingkat konf lik mengalami deeskalasi (penurunan) ketika dilaksanakan pemberdayaan melalui pelibatan masyarakat serta penetapan kesepakatan yang mengakomodasi kepentingan bersama. Tulisan ini menekankan tiga hal yang dapat memicu munculnya permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan waduk, antara lain: jaminan penegakan aturan, implementasi kebijakan, dan anggaran. Selain itu, diperlukan pelibatan masyarakat secara partisipatif dengan pendekatan bottom-up disertai koordinasi, dan pelibatan pihak ketiga untuk melakukan pengawasan serta evaluasi yang transparan. Tulisan ini disusun berdasarkan penelitian yang menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam secara purposive. This article discusses about the prosess of conf lict escalation in Jatigede Dam construction esspecially in pre-construction period from structural and processual point of view using conf lict theory. However, height of conf lict decreased (deescalation) in empowerment period through community participation and agreement that accomodate community interests. This article emphasizes on the importance of ensuring the rules, policies, and budgets on possibility of problem arising (structural). It is also important to carry out participatory community engagement with bottom-up approach on implementation along with coordination as well as intervention of third party to monitor and to ensure transparent evaluation. This article based on research using qualitative method with porpusive indepth interview.","PeriodicalId":31129,"journal":{"name":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","volume":"20 1","pages":"193-211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/mjs.v20i2.4618","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71341204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Politics of Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) Post-Reformation 1998","authors":"A. Perdana","doi":"10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31129,"journal":{"name":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","volume":"20 1","pages":"23-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4748","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71341075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kerangkeng Besi di Era Birokratisasi Total","authors":"Adam Bagaskara","doi":"10.7454/mjs.v20i1.5051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/mjs.v20i1.5051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31129,"journal":{"name":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","volume":"20 1","pages":"99-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/mjs.v20i1.5051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71341172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modal Sosial dan Mekanisme Adaptasi Masyarakat Pedesaan dalam Pengelolaan dan Pembangunan Infrastruktur","authors":"Ayu Kusumastuti","doi":"10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4740","url":null,"abstract":"This research tried to explore bonding social capital which could be transformed to rural society adaptive capacity of infrastructure development. The adaptive capacity of society has an elastic power, flexibility, and stability in society if they can mobilize resource and modify social institution. The research conducted in Sidoasri Village, Sumbermanjing District, Malang County. This research utilized case study as qualitative approach. Data collecting used in-depth interview, and observation. The society has been developing water, electricity, road infrastructure since they has trust, strong interaction, and norm among the community members. It indicated the type of bonding social capital. This exclusive social capital has been yielding cooperation, participation, appropriate technology utilization, mutual exchanges, and mobilization of collective action. Forms of adaptive capacity which have been developed are an elastic power and flexibility to maintain rural infrastructure development.","PeriodicalId":31129,"journal":{"name":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","volume":"20 1","pages":"81-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71341065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Konflik dan Kontestasi Penataan Ruang Kota Surabaya","authors":"S. Aminah","doi":"10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4751","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31129,"journal":{"name":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","volume":"20 1","pages":"59-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4751","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71341093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rasionalitas Sosial-Ekonomi dalam Penyelesaian Pengangguran Terselubung Petani Sawah Tadah Hujan","authors":"Dessy Adriani","doi":"10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4760","url":null,"abstract":"Pengangguran terselubung yang dialami petani di Indonesia seringkali berkaitan dengan zero marginal productivity of labor. Penyelesaian pengangguran terselubung, yang dilakukan petani melalui rasionalitas sosial-ekonomi, dapat menyelesaikan persoalan pengangguran terselubung sampai ke akar masalah karena dasar analisis berangkat dari perilaku individual untuk bertahan hidup. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Gunung Kembang, Kecamatan Merapi Timur, Kabupaten Lahat. Teknik penelitian menggunakan metode survei. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode acak sederhana. Analisis rasionalitas sosial-ekonomi penyelesaian pengangguran terselubung dilakukan dengan analisis tabulasi, matematis, dan simulasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan telah terjadi pengangguran terselubung di tingkat rumah tangga petani. Petani melalui rasionalitas sosial mengatasi pengangguran terselubung dengan: (1) diversifikasi struktur pekerjaan (okupasi baru) dan (2) pengurangan tenaga kerja luar keluarga dalam kegiatan usaha tani dengan memaksimalkan potensi tenaga kerja rumah tangga. Rasionalitas sosial ini berdampak secara ekonomi pada pengurangan pengangguran terselubung sebesar 69 persen dan peningkatan pendapatan 267 persen di tingkat mikro. Dengan demikian, rasionalitas sosial-ekonomi rumah tangga petani terbukti dapat menyelesaikan persoalan pengangguran terselubung di tingkat mikro. Disguised unemployment experienced by farmers in Indonesia are often caused by Zero Marginal Productivity of Labor. However, the completion of disguised unemployment has been only focused on the improvement of the economic structural transformation from agriculture to industry as an aspect of macro analysis, without considering aspects of micro analysis. Though micro analysis through socioeconomic rationality farm households can solve problems underemployment get to the root of the problem, because the basic analysis departs from the social and economic rational behavior. The research was conducted in the village of East Mount Merapi Flower District of Lahat. The research technique is a survey method. Sampling using the simple random method. Socioeconomic rationality analysis of disguised unemployment completion done with tabulation analysis, mathematics, and simulation. The analysis shows there has been a degree of disguised unemployment in farm households. Farmers through social rationally overcome disguised unemployment: (1) Differentiation of the structure of the work to other farming sectors and non- agricultural new occupation), and (2) Reduction of non-family labor in farming activities to maximize the potential of household labor. This social rationals have economic impact on the reduction of disguised unemployment at 69 percent and 267 percent increase in revenue at the micro level. Thus, socioeconomic rationality farm households can solve problems disguised unemployment at the micro level.","PeriodicalId":31129,"journal":{"name":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","volume":"5 1","pages":"43-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4760","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71341128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dinamika Konflik Kekerasan Pasca-Orde Baru","authors":"Sopar Peranto","doi":"10.7454/MJS.V20I1.5056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MJS.V20I1.5056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31129,"journal":{"name":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/MJS.V20I1.5056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71341180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Islam and Religious Violence in Post-New Order Indonesia","authors":"Abdil Mughis Mudhoffir","doi":"10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4796","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tries to understand why religious violence increasingly occurs in post-New  Order Indonesia. There are two dominant views in understanding this. First, the security  approach that perceives the violence as a result of the emergent of “radical” agent of  political Islam in the more open political space. In this regard, the state is considered  weak because the iron hand as used by the authoritarian regime in the past New Order has disappeared. Thus, the strong security instruments are needed as a solution, such as  the law on anti-terrorism and the police force of anti-terrorism (Densus 88). Second, the  cultural approach views violence as caused by the inability of society to build the religious  tolerance. Society is considered weak. Religious expression in the political arena is believed as the source of the emergent of intolerant acts. To conquer this, intensive inter-religious  dialogues are required. The author argues that those two approaches are not adequate.  The historical fact shows that the emergence of political Islam today is the result of the  oscillated relationship between Islam and the authoritarian state during the New Order  period. In addition, the Indonesian historical experience also clearly illustrates that the  presence of political Islam is nothing but a form of response to the critical social-politicaleconomic  situation. Political Islam does not appear in a vacuum, but it emerges from the  crisis where another populist response from the left is absent. Tulisan ini berupaya memahami mengapa kekerasan agama meningkat di Indonesia pasca  Orde Baru. Selama ini, ada dua pandangan dominan dalam memahami persoalan di atas.  Pertama, pendekatan keamanan yang memandang kekerasan agama sebagai hasil dari  munculnya agen Islam politik yang radikal dalam arena politik yang semakin terbuka.  Dalam konteks ini, negara dianggap lemah karena kehilangan tangan besinya seperti  yang sebelumnya digunakan oleh rezim otoriter Orde Baru. Konsekuensinya, dibutuhkan  negara yang kuat dengan membentuk instrumen-instrumen keamanan semacam undang-undang  anti-terorisme dan satuan khusus kepolisian anti-teror. Kedua, pendekatan kultural  yang melihat meningkatnya kekerasan disebabkan oleh ketidakmampuan masyarakat  dalam membangun toleransi keagamaan. Dengan kata lain, masyarakat dianggap  lemah. Solusinya, dibutuhkan dialog antar-agama yang intensif. Menurut penulis, dua  pendekatan tersebut kurang memadai dalam memahami meningkatnya kekerasan agama  pasca-Orde Baru. Fakta sejarah menunjukkan bahwa kemunculan kelompok-kelompok  Islam politik merupakan hasil dari hubungan yang fluktuatif antara Islam dan negara  sepanjang Orde Baru. Dan, kehadiran eksponen Islam politik juga merupakan bentuk  respon terhadap situasi sosial-ekonomi-politik. Artinya, Islam politik tidak hadir dalam  ruang kosong, melainkan muncul sebagai respon terhadap krisis di tengah absennya respon  populis lain dari kelompok kiri.","PeriodicalId":31129,"journal":{"name":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","volume":"20 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/MJS.V20I1.4796","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71341137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kelekatan Kelembagaan: Industri Distro Fesyen di Bandung","authors":"Rochman Achwan","doi":"10.7454/MJS.V18I2.3723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7454/MJS.V18I2.3723","url":null,"abstract":"Artikel ini berupaya memperkaya perspektif dalam kajian industri kreatif, yakni cultural entrepreneurship, social contract, dan contextual knowledge, dengan menggunakan pendekatan institusional. Argumen utamanya adalah kelekatan kelembagaan memiliki peran sangat penting dalam mempromosikan distro fesyen kreatif di Bandung yang berdasarkan sejarah dikenal sebagai kota fesyen. Metode kualitatif digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dari berbagai narasumber. Studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa ketidaklekatan antara negara dan dunia bisnis fesyen kreatif dan dalam masyarakat fesyen menjadi sesuatu yang menonjol dalam bisnis yang berjalan. Akibatnya, kreativitas para pengusaha fesyen tidak mampu menjadi lebih baik dan organisasi bisnis yang dibangun secara internal sulit menjadi mapan. Perkembangan terbaru studi ini mengindikasikan para aktor ekonomi dengan modal besar dan pemerintah lokal mulai bekerja sama dengan industri fesyen distro. Perkembangan ini memberi kesan bahwa problematika ketidaklekatan dapat ditransformasikan dengan melekatkan negara sebagai pelaku bisnis sama halnya dengan melekatkan aktor dalam bisnis. Kedepannya distro fesyen kreatif di Bandung akan bergantung pada kekuatan perjuangan untuk melekatkan berhadapan ketidaklekatan negara, ekonomi, dan asosiasi yang menyokongnya.","PeriodicalId":31129,"journal":{"name":"Masyarakat Jurnal Sosiologi","volume":"25 1","pages":"139-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.7454/MJS.V18I2.3723","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71340974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}