National Journal of Laboratory Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Histopathological Spectrum of Endoscopic Gastrointestinal Biopsies: An Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre, Uttarakhand, India","authors":"N. Bahal, A. Malviya, S. Ahuja","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/52480.2635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/52480.2635","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) is the site of numerous pathological lesions from inflammatory to malignant. Endoscopic biopsy plays an important role in detection of early- stage cancers and precursor lesions. It also aids in determining the extent of disease, monitoring response to therapy and for early detection of complications. However, histopathological evaluation serves as gold standard for diagnosis and aids the clinician in deciding further management. Aim: To determine the histopathological spectrum of gastrointestinal lesions and assess the frequency of benign and malignant tumours in GIT in a tertiary care center in North India. Materials and Methods: It was a retrospective study in which all endoscopic gastrointestinal biopsies received in Department of Pathology at Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences from January 2015 to December 2017 were retrieved. The lesions from oropharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anal canal were categorised as neoplastic (further divided as benign and malignant) and non neoplastic. The results were tabulated and expressed as frequencies and percentages. Results: Of the 867 cases, 582 were males and 285 were females with a male to female ratio of 2.1:1. The most common age group was sixth decade with a mean age of 53.8 years. Out of a total of 7782 specimens received, 867 (11.1%) were endoscopic gastrointestinal biopsies. Among all the biopsies evaluated, 116 (13.4%) were from oropharynx, 55 (6.3%) oesophageal, 97 (11.2%) from stomach and Gastro-Oesophageal (GE) junction, 138 (15.9%) small intestinal and 461 (53.2%) from colorectum and anal canal. Out of 867 biopsies, 670 (77.3%) were classified as non neoplastic and 197 (22.7%) were neoplastic. Incidence of malignancy was highest in gastric (29%) and oropharyngeal (28.4%) biopsies while it was least in small intestinal biopsies (4.3%). Conclusion: In the current study, squamous cell carcinoma and ulcerative colitis were the most prevalent neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions, respectively. It is advisable to interpret and correlate endoscopic findings with histopathology to arrive at a final diagnosis and aid the clinician for further management.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Vancomycin MICs by Broth Microdilution Method, E-Test and Vitek 2C among MRSA Isolates in Tertiary Care Centre, Hyderabad, India","authors":".. Bushra, K. Padmaja, S. Sudhaharan, V. Teja","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/53225.2627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/53225.2627","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The most important pathogen isolated from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTIs) is a Gram positive organism, Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). Wide range of emerging Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is leading to global threat causing Community Acquired-MRSA (CA-MRSA) or Hospital Acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is done to ensure that antibiotics are chosen efficiently in the clinical settings by Vitek 2, Epsilometer- test (E-test) and Broth Microdilution (BMD) method. Aim: To determine the clinical spectrum of MRSA and comparison of Vancomycin MICs obtained by E-test, Vitek 2C and BMD method. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted at Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India during the period of November 1st 2019 to December 31st, 2020 from Inpatient Department (IPD) and Outpatient Department (OPD). Among 464 SSTIs, 132 were S.aureus, out of which 38 isolates were MRSA. Identification and sensitivity of the isolates such as pus, wound swabs, and tissues were identified through Vitek 2 compact system. Statistical analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics was represented as frequency and percentages. Results: A total of 464 SSTIs, S.aureus were 132 of which MRSA were 38 (29%) and Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) were 94 (71%) with male predominance of 29 (76.3%) with MRSA. Most of the patients were in the age group of 21- 30 years (26%). Amongst the total 38 patients analysed,25 were from IPD and 13 were from OPD. A 23/38 wound swabs (60%) 12/38 of pus (28%) and 3/38 (7%) were tissues. The predominant risk factor observed was Surgical Site Infections (SSI) in 19 cases (50%) followed by prior antibiotic therapy in 17 (44%) cases. The median duration of hospitalisation was 31.5 days. Vancomycin susceptibility by all three methods with an MIC range of 0.5-2μg/ ml by all three methods, except for one isolate where the MIC was >32ug/ml by Vitek 2C and 8 ug/mL by E-test, which was sensitive by BMD with an MIC of 0.25 μg/mL. Conclusion: Implementing infection control practices and controlling the risk factors will help in management of MRSA infections. Drug resistance to Glycopeptides can be avoided by regular screening of vancomycin creeps by different susceptibility methods in order to avoid treatment failures.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71271003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Serosal Fluid Cytology as an Aid to Primary Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Sheetal Maheshkumar Sale, V. Mane, Poornima Kadam","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/55027.2613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/55027.2613","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cytological study of fluids is an inexpensive, simple procedure and has significant utility in diagnosing neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions. The cytological examination of fluids in combination with physical examination helps identify aetiologic agents, follow the natural process of the disease and monitor the response to the treatment. Aim: To determine the diagnostic utility of serosal fluid cytology and analyse the incidence of neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions using serous fluid cytology. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study comprising 375 cases conducted in a tertiary care hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India, from August to July 2021. Purposive sampling was used to recruit the participants. All the patients with pleural effusions, ascites or in whom Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), pericardial and synovial fluids examination was indicated were included. The provisional diagnosis was obtained from case sheets, including relevant clinical information. Smears were prepared from freshly tapped specimens without adding anticoagulants and were processed by routine, conventional smear technique. The data were analysed using the SPSS version 22.0 for Windows. Numerical variables were reported as frequency and percentage. The chi-square test was used wherever necessary, and the p-value less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The peritoneal fluid was the most common fluid collected in the present study, followed by pleural fluid and CSF. The malignancy rate in the present study was 19 (10.4%) of peritoneal fluid, 6 (5.9%) for pleural fluid, and 2 (4.1%) for CSF. Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy found in present study. Conclusion: Adenocarcinoma was the most common malignancy found in this study, which was in concordance with the research conducted earlier, where gold standard investigations confirmed the findings. In the peritoneal fluid, most of the patients had cirrhosis and tuberculosis. In pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, most of them had tuberculosis and chronic inflammatory conditions, respectively. Previous researchers confirmed similar findings in their studies. It is seen that malignant and benign conditions like tuberculosis can be diagnosed well with effusion cytology.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71271153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histomorphological Spectrum of Endometrial Tissue in Abnormal Uterine Bleeding","authors":"Jyoti Brahmaiah, Lalitha Sree Kuppareddy, Vijay Kumar Papireddygari, C. Begum","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/57254.2674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/57254.2674","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) is a very common presenting complaint in patients visiting the gynaecologists all over the world. Though common, AUB can cause tremendous physical as well as emotional distress to the patient. Aim: To study the histomorphological pattern of endometrium in patients with AUB. Materials and Methods: This study was a retrospective study conducted during a six month period from October 2021 to March 2022 in the Department of Pathology at Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India, on 210 endometrial tissue samples of women who presented with AUB. Specimens that were received during a one year period between March 2019 and February 2020 were processed routinely and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin stain. Detailed microscopic evaluation was done and eleven different histopathological diagnoses were made. The data collected was entered into Microsoft Excel sheet and percentages were analysed manually. Results: Maximum number of cases of AUB were seen in the 41-50 years age group. The most common histopathological pattern in this study was proliferative phase seen in 67 cases (31.90%) followed by endometrial hyperplasia which was seen in 42 cases (20.00%). The other important patterns included pregnancy related complications, 32 (15.24%), secretory phase, 24 (11.43%), disordered proliferative endometrium, 14 (6.67%), chronic endometritis 11 (5.24%) and hormonal/pill endometrium, 8 (3.81%). Endometrial malignancy was diagnosed only in one case (0.48%). Conclusion: A wide variety of histopathological patterns were found in endometrial samples in AUB across different age groups. Histopathological examination of endometrium is an important tool in the diagnosis and management of AUB.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71271262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Clinico-pathological Study of Papulonodular Lesions of Skin in a Rural Hospital Setup","authors":".. Rubina, R. Parthibhan, R. Sujitha, Savita Dongapure","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/58125.2669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/58125.2669","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Skin disorders are a common cause of morbidity in our country, High prevelance of dermatological lesions is seen in tropical countries. The spectrum of lesions varies significantly depending on the geographical region, so accurate diagnosis is of utmost importance as treatment is varied for different skin disorders presenting with similar clinical findings. Aim: To study the spectrum of papulonodular lesions of skin and to evaluate concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnosis of papulonodular skin lesions. Materials and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pathology at MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Hoskote, Karnataka, India, from October 2017 to September 2019. The study included 100 skin biopsies that had clinically presented as papules, nodules and as papulonodular lesions. Based on the histopathological findings the lesions were grouped according to aetiology and the final histopathological diagnosis was compared with the clinical diagnosis offered. The slides were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin, examined under a microscope and findings were noted. Special stains on the tissue sections like Zeihl-Neelson and Fite Faraco were used when required. The qualitative characteristics presented using frequency and percentages, quantitative variables presented using Mean±SD. Results: In the 100 biopsies studied 77 cases were papular, 20 cases were nodular and 3 cases were both papular and nodular. The lesions were common in males (54%) with 67% being in the 21-50 years age group. Lesions were categorised into five aetiological groups based on histology i.e, non infectious papulosquamous (25%), eczematous (23%, Inflammatory (20%), Infectious (11%) and lastly neoplastic (21%). A clinico- pathological association of 79% was observed with differences mainly observed in the eczematous group and tumours. Conclusion: This study highlights the various common skin disorders that can present as papulonodular lesions and the significance of histopathological examination and clinico- pathological association for early diagnosis and management of skin lesions.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71271365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disorders Presenting as Anaemia among Paediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Centre, Kerala, India: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Unnikrishnan Govindakurup, Shiji K. Jacob, Febby K Philip","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/59725.2682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/59725.2682","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anaemia is a condition marked by low Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and is an important risk factor for the poor health and development of children and adolescents. Anaemia is not a diagnosis, but merely an objective sign of disease. The correct treatment requires an understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition. Aim: To identify disorders presenting as anaemia in paediatric population. Also to analyse the data by grading of anaemia and to calculate the proportion of anaemia in various paediatric age groups. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Medical College, Ernakulum, Kerala, India, from September 2017 to February 2018, on 211 paediatric patients of age groups from newborn upto 18 years. After a detailed clinical history and examination, Complete Blood Count (CBC), peripheral smear preparation, reticulocyte count, renal function tests, liver function tests, and if necessary, radiological and bone marrow examination were done. The mean haemoglobin in the categories were compared with Comprehensive National Nutritional Survey Data. The data obtained were entered in Microsoft excel 365 and further analysed. Categorical variables were analyzed by Fisher’s- exact test and continuous variables by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test and the significance level was set at p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the 211 patients, 120 (56.87%) were males and 91 (43.13%) were females. The average haemoglobin level varies across age groups and sex. In the case of newborns, average Hb was 9.31 g/dL in males and 10.4 g/dL in females. A total of 211 patients presented with 339 disease conditions, with respiratory disorders in 98, followed by 83 nutritional diseases, 49 infections and 35 systemic diseases. Total of 132 patients in age group of 6 months to 4 years, presented with maximum disorders (206). A total of 186 (54.8%) cases presented with Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia (MHA), 149 (43.95%) with Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia (NNA) and only 4 (1.18%) with Haemolytic Anaemia (HA). No cases of macrocytic anaemia were noted. Conclusion: Total of 76.8% cases of MHA (42.1% of total anaemia cases) are associated with Nutritional, Respiratory and Infectious conditions which can be managed by public health measures. The haemoglobin levels in neonates and less than 6 months age group were significantly less than population mean which needs to be addressed. In similar manner, girls in school going age group had significantly lower Hb than boys.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71271374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Practice of Hepatitis B and C Prevention among Seropositive and Seronegative Prospective Blood Donors in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern Nigeria","authors":"C. Nwangwu, Nnennaya Susan Osiri, Chidiebere Promise Onwubu, E. Amadi, Imanyikwa Olaedo Eucharia Ijeoma","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/50619.2608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/50619.2608","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Hepatitis B and C infections are endemic in Nigeria and the major causes of chronic liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the major routes of transmission is by transfusion of infected blood or blood products. Awareness of the disease is important, and this study seeks to compare the knowledge and practice of the disease among the seropositive and seronegative prospective blood donors. Aim: To assess the difference in the level of knowledge and preventive practice of blood borne hepatitis among hepatitis B and hepatitis C seropositive and seronegative prospective blood donors. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive survey carried out between June 2019 to January 2020 in the Blood Donor’s Department of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. A pretested self/interviewer’s administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practice among 100 hepatitis B and hepatitis C seropositive and 305 seronegative prospective blood donors. The hepatitis B and C seropositive subjects were screened using Enzyme Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. The findings and scores were analysed using IBM Corporation 2019 Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Results: Total of 305 respondents were seronegative while 82 and 18 were hepatitis B and C seropositive, respectively. The mean age of the study participants was 27.78±7.17 years, whereas it was 28.09±6.36 years and 27.46±7.968 years among seropositive and seronegative respondents, respectively. In the study, 98 (98%) males and 2 (2%) females were in the seropositive group while, 268 (87.9%) males and 37 (12.1%) females were in seronegative group. The overall knowledge score and practice score were 56.3% and 28.1%, respectively. In the seropositive group, the average knowledge score was 27.3% and the average practice score was 17%. While in the seronegative group, the average knowledge score was 65.7% and the average score on practice score was 31.8%. There was a significant association between seropositive and being a male (p-value=0.001), less educated (p-value=0.002), currently unmarried (p-value=0.029), knowledge above average (p-value=0.001), and practice below average (p=0.002). None of the respondents had hepatitis B vaccination. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained from the present study, it is evident that the level of knowledge and practice among the seropositive respondent is significantly low when compared with the seronegative groups. There is a need for a serious awareness campaign on the transmission and prevention of hepatitis B and C, and the possibility of extending hepatitis B immunisation coverage in the country owing to the increasing burden of the disease.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Status of Common Serum Minerals and Trace Elements in COVID-19 Follow-up Cases: A Hospital-based Study from Eastern India","authors":"S. Maiti, K. Mukherjee, Debopriyo Samaddar, Debojyoti Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/51953.2609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/51953.2609","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Management of post Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) complications are the new challenges nowadays. It has been observed that in post COVID-19 cases the serum levels of several electrolytes and trace elements are deranged. Aim: This study was conducted to estimate the levels of different serum minerals and trace elements in one month post COVID-19 follow-up patients and compared with normal age- sex matched controls. Materials and Methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry in a tertiary care centre, over a period of six months (from January 2021 to June 2021). After fulfilling proper inclusion criteria, 223 COVID-19 follow-up patients of both genders (134 males and 89 females) were included as ‘case’ group. Age-sex matched 250 healthy volunteers were recruited as ‘control’ group. Levels of serum electrolytes (sodium and potassium) and trace elements (zinc, iron, calcium, phosphate, copper, magnesium and selenium) were estimated, analysed and compared against each other. Tables and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: In this study, the levels of serum zinc and iron were found to be higher and serum calcium, phosphate, copper, magnesium and selenium levels were reduced in post COVID-19 one month follow- up cases in comparison to controls. Female cases were in deficient state of iron, calcium, copper and magnesium but had high serum zinc and phosphate when compared to males. No abnormalities were noted in the level of electrolytes in post COVID-19 cases. Conclusion: Assessment and monitoring of levels of the mineral throughout the course of post COVID-19 follow-up is advisable for timely and appropriate measures to combat with post COVID-19 complications.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Anaemia and Thrombocytopenia in Pregnant Females in Amreli District, Gujarat","authors":"P. Kagathara, Abhishek Godhani, Keval Rajeshkumar Pandya","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/49637.2565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/49637.2565","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anaemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem in India. It leads to high maternal morbidity and mortality, low birth weight and high infant mortality. Thrombocytopenia can also affect the pregnancy state and along with preeclampsia, there is a high risk of complications to both mother and baby. So, it should be aimed to keep in normal range. With early intervention, maternal morbidity and mortality as well as infant mortality can be reduced. Aim: To assess the prevalence of anaemia and thrombocytopenia in pregnant females. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of anaemia and thrombocytopenia in pregnant females. Blood samples of 500 pregnant females of Shantabaa Medical College and General Hospital, Gujarat, India were evaluated to assess the frequency of anaemia and thrombocytopenia using haematology analyser. It was hospital-based study done for six months, from August 2020 to January 2021. All these females were divided into mild (10-10.9 gm/dL), moderate (7-9.9 gm/dL) and severe degree (below 7 gm/dL) anaemia according to haemoglobin values. For thrombocytopenia, all females were divided into mild (100-150×109 /L), moderate (50-100×109 /L) and severe (below 50×109 /L) category according to platelet level. Results: Total 500 pregnant females were included in this study. Out of these, total 351 (70.2%) females were anaemic and 26 females (5.2%) were thrombocytopenic. Most of the anaemic pregnant females were from 26 to 32 years age group (47%) followed by 18 to 25 year age group (34%) and 33 to 40 year age group (19%). Conclusion: It is important to diagnose the effects of anaemia and thrombocytopenia in pregnant females and their offsprings. Anaemia in pregnancy is a challenging health problem in India, particularly in rural area. Early correction of anaemia and thrombocytopenia can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Calcium and Phosphate Ionic Product as an Early Marker of Vascular Calcification to Predict Cardiac Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-control Study","authors":"M. Deepthi, M. Sirsikar, A. Shailaja, Shrabani Mohanthy","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/52862.2622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/52862.2622","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the most leading cause of death in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Vascular Calcification (CV) is one of the strongest predictors of cardiovascular risk. CV is a process characterised by thickening and loss of elasticity of muscular arteries walls which occurs in two distinct sites, the intimal associated with atherosclerotic plaques and medial calcification is characterised by vascular stiffening and arteriosclerosis with adverse clinical outcomes leading to cardiovascular mortality. Disturbed mineral metabolism such as increased serum phosphorus and ionic product may be one such risk factor and is emerging as a principle modifier of CV in the CKD subjects. Aim: To determine serum phosphorus and calcium in CKD patients and compare with calcium phosphorus ionic product as an early independent marker of CV in CKD to predict cardiac mortality. Materials and Methods: This was duration based case-control study conducted in Department of Nephrology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Karnataka, India. Fifty cases of CKD presented in stage 3,4 and 5 and 50 healthy individuals between the age group 21-78 years were included as controls. Serum levels of Calcium, Phosphorous were analysed in autoanalyser, Ca x P ionic product was calculated, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) was calculated by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula. All measured variables were compared with eGFR and compared between cases and controls. The results were presented as a mean±Standard Deviation (SD) and p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Mean age of cases were 47.74±11.01 years and 45.66±11.46 years were of controls. Clinically, confirmed CKD was found more in male patients 31 (62) compared to female 19 (38). eGFR (mL/min) cases (14.12±10.72) and (102.97±27.46) in control, Serum Creatinine (mg/dl) were 7.04±5.34 mg/dL in cases which was significantly more compared to control (0.84±0.20 mg/ dL). Serum Calcium (Ca) (mg/dL) 8.11±1.09 mg/dL in cases less compared with control 9.31±0.42 mg/dL, indicating hypocalcaemia. Serum Phosphrous (P) 5.2932±1.83 mg/dL) in CKD suggesting hyperphosphatemia compared to control (3.27±0.54 mg/dL). Calcium Phosphorus Ionic Product was 46.9108±14.77 in cases, elevated in CKD as compared to control (30.46±5.03). Statistically, significant result was found between serum phosphorus and calcium phosphorus ionic product (p<0.05), well compared with eGFR of stage 3, 4 and 5 CKD patients. Conclusion: Hyperphosphatemia and elevated calcium- phosphate ionic product is an early independent marker of calcification to predict cardiovascular risk in late stages of CKD.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71270611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}