Disorders Presenting as Anaemia among Paediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Centre, Kerala, India: A Cross-sectional Study

Unnikrishnan Govindakurup, Shiji K. Jacob, Febby K Philip
{"title":"Disorders Presenting as Anaemia among Paediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Centre, Kerala, India: A Cross-sectional Study","authors":"Unnikrishnan Govindakurup, Shiji K. Jacob, Febby K Philip","doi":"10.7860/njlm/2022/59725.2682","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anaemia is a condition marked by low Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and is an important risk factor for the poor health and development of children and adolescents. Anaemia is not a diagnosis, but merely an objective sign of disease. The correct treatment requires an understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition. Aim: To identify disorders presenting as anaemia in paediatric population. Also to analyse the data by grading of anaemia and to calculate the proportion of anaemia in various paediatric age groups. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Medical College, Ernakulum, Kerala, India, from September 2017 to February 2018, on 211 paediatric patients of age groups from newborn upto 18 years. After a detailed clinical history and examination, Complete Blood Count (CBC), peripheral smear preparation, reticulocyte count, renal function tests, liver function tests, and if necessary, radiological and bone marrow examination were done. The mean haemoglobin in the categories were compared with Comprehensive National Nutritional Survey Data. The data obtained were entered in Microsoft excel 365 and further analysed. Categorical variables were analyzed by Fisher’s- exact test and continuous variables by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test and the significance level was set at p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the 211 patients, 120 (56.87%) were males and 91 (43.13%) were females. The average haemoglobin level varies across age groups and sex. In the case of newborns, average Hb was 9.31 g/dL in males and 10.4 g/dL in females. A total of 211 patients presented with 339 disease conditions, with respiratory disorders in 98, followed by 83 nutritional diseases, 49 infections and 35 systemic diseases. Total of 132 patients in age group of 6 months to 4 years, presented with maximum disorders (206). A total of 186 (54.8%) cases presented with Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia (MHA), 149 (43.95%) with Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia (NNA) and only 4 (1.18%) with Haemolytic Anaemia (HA). No cases of macrocytic anaemia were noted. Conclusion: Total of 76.8% cases of MHA (42.1% of total anaemia cases) are associated with Nutritional, Respiratory and Infectious conditions which can be managed by public health measures. The haemoglobin levels in neonates and less than 6 months age group were significantly less than population mean which needs to be addressed. In similar manner, girls in school going age group had significantly lower Hb than boys.","PeriodicalId":31115,"journal":{"name":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"National Journal of Laboratory Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.7860/njlm/2022/59725.2682","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Anaemia is a condition marked by low Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and is an important risk factor for the poor health and development of children and adolescents. Anaemia is not a diagnosis, but merely an objective sign of disease. The correct treatment requires an understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition. Aim: To identify disorders presenting as anaemia in paediatric population. Also to analyse the data by grading of anaemia and to calculate the proportion of anaemia in various paediatric age groups. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Medical College, Ernakulum, Kerala, India, from September 2017 to February 2018, on 211 paediatric patients of age groups from newborn upto 18 years. After a detailed clinical history and examination, Complete Blood Count (CBC), peripheral smear preparation, reticulocyte count, renal function tests, liver function tests, and if necessary, radiological and bone marrow examination were done. The mean haemoglobin in the categories were compared with Comprehensive National Nutritional Survey Data. The data obtained were entered in Microsoft excel 365 and further analysed. Categorical variables were analyzed by Fisher’s- exact test and continuous variables by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test and the significance level was set at p-value ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the 211 patients, 120 (56.87%) were males and 91 (43.13%) were females. The average haemoglobin level varies across age groups and sex. In the case of newborns, average Hb was 9.31 g/dL in males and 10.4 g/dL in females. A total of 211 patients presented with 339 disease conditions, with respiratory disorders in 98, followed by 83 nutritional diseases, 49 infections and 35 systemic diseases. Total of 132 patients in age group of 6 months to 4 years, presented with maximum disorders (206). A total of 186 (54.8%) cases presented with Microcytic Hypochromic Anaemia (MHA), 149 (43.95%) with Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia (NNA) and only 4 (1.18%) with Haemolytic Anaemia (HA). No cases of macrocytic anaemia were noted. Conclusion: Total of 76.8% cases of MHA (42.1% of total anaemia cases) are associated with Nutritional, Respiratory and Infectious conditions which can be managed by public health measures. The haemoglobin levels in neonates and less than 6 months age group were significantly less than population mean which needs to be addressed. In similar manner, girls in school going age group had significantly lower Hb than boys.
在印度喀拉拉邦三级保健中心的儿科人群中表现为贫血的疾病:一项横断面研究
简介:贫血是一种以血红蛋白(Hb)浓度低为特征的疾病,是儿童和青少年健康和发育不良的重要危险因素。贫血不是一种诊断,而仅仅是疾病的客观迹象。正确的治疗需要了解病情的发病机制。目的:确定以贫血为表现的儿童疾病。还通过贫血分级分析数据,并计算不同儿科年龄组中贫血的比例。材料和方法:本横断面研究于2017年9月至2018年2月在印度喀拉拉邦埃纳库伦政府医学院进行,研究对象为211名新生儿至18岁年龄段的儿科患者。经过详细的临床病史和检查,全血细胞计数(CBC),外周涂片准备,网织红细胞计数,肾功能检查,肝功能检查,必要时进行放射和骨髓检查。这些类别的平均血红蛋白与全国综合营养调查数据进行比较。将得到的数据输入到Microsoft excel 365中进行进一步分析。分类变量采用Fisher’s- exact检验,连续变量采用方差分析(ANOVA)和Kruskal-Wallis检验,p值≤0.05。结果:211例患者中,男性120例(56.87%),女性91例(43.13%)。平均血红蛋白水平因年龄组和性别而异。在新生儿中,男性平均Hb为9.31 g/dL,女性为10.4 g/dL。共有211名患者出现339种疾病,其中呼吸系统疾病98例,营养疾病83例,感染49例,全身性疾病35例。共132例患者,年龄6个月至4岁,表现出最大障碍(206例)。186例(54.8%)为小细胞性低色贫血(MHA), 149例(43.95%)为正色性贫血(NNA),溶血性贫血(HA)仅4例(1.18%)。未发现大细胞性贫血病例。结论:共有76.8%的MHA病例(占总贫血病例的42.1%)与营养、呼吸和传染病相关,可通过公共卫生措施加以控制。新生儿和6个月以下年龄组的血红蛋白水平明显低于人口平均水平,这需要解决。同样,上学年龄组女孩的Hb明显低于男孩。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
71
审稿时长
12 weeks
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信