Bekir Z. Demiray , Yusuf Sermet , Enes Yildirim , Ibrahim Demir
{"title":"FloodGame: An interactive 3D serious game on flood mitigation for disaster awareness and education","authors":"Bekir Z. Demiray , Yusuf Sermet , Enes Yildirim , Ibrahim Demir","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The number and devastating impacts of natural disasters have grown significantly worldwide, and floods are one of the most dangerous and frequent natural disasters. Recent studies emphasize the importance of public awareness in disaster preparedness and response activities. FloodGame is designed as a web-based interactive serious game geared towards educating K-12 and college students and raising public awareness on flood prevention and mitigation strategies so that they are more informed about the implications of future floods. A web-based interactive gaming environment with rich 3D visuals and models is developed that allows users to experiment with different flood mitigation strategies for a real-world location of their choice. This immersive, repeatable, and engaging experience will allow students and the public to comprehend the consequences of individual mitigation measures, build a conceptual understanding of the benefits of mitigation actions, and examine how floods may occur in their communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":310,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chuanda Wang , Wenjiao Duan , Shuiyuan Cheng , Xiaosong Hou , Junfeng Zhang , Yu Wang , Hanyu Zhang , Kai Wang , Rui Liu
{"title":"Gridemis V2.0: A highly integrated algorithm scheme for high-resolution and multi-component allocation of emission inventories used in air quality models","authors":"Chuanda Wang , Wenjiao Duan , Shuiyuan Cheng , Xiaosong Hou , Junfeng Zhang , Yu Wang , Hanyu Zhang , Kai Wang , Rui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel algorithm for generating multi-component, high-resolution emission inventories for air quality models (AQMs) was developed, enhancing the 0.01° spatial allocation scheme for points, lines, and surfaces based on land use, population density, and road networks. It incorporated localized chemical species allocation based on recent Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Particulate Matter (PM) composition, along with time allocation scheme utilizing monthly and hourly non-uniformity coefficients. The algorithm consists of four modules for grid calculation, refined inventory calculation, coarse grid interpolation, and model-ready inventory production. It achieved highly integrated and one-step workflow from raw parameter settings to direct model-ready emission files for simulations with CMAQ and CAMx. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region was used as example to introduce the production process and research characteristics of refined emission inventory. The results demonstrated that this algorithm effectively captures the spatiotemporal distribution and dynamics of atmospheric pollutants, offering significant support for emission and simulation research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":310,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106416"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An advection-dispersion model for routing suspended sediment down the river network","authors":"Arman Haddadchi , Calvin W. Rose","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a new high temporal resolution suspended sediment routing model that integrates fine sediment deposition and re-entrainment processes of individual size fractions with suspended sediment transport throughout the river network. This multi-size fraction model provides unique insights into the effects of sediment size classes on key sediment attributes, including suspended sediment size distribution and total concentration, sediment load, and changes in riverbed deposited fine sediment throughout the river network. Data from three high-frequency flow and sediment monitoring sites on the Manawatū River, New Zealand, were used to test the model. After calibrating the model using data from one flood event, it showed good agreement between observed and modelled fine sediment concentration and event load for five subsequent test events. When coupled with catchment erosion predictions, this new sediment routing model should provide valuable information on sediment sources and connectivity within catchments for informing catchment management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":310,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106417"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Zhang , Hongsheng Qin , Yuqi Zhang , Maozhen Li , Dongming Qin , Xiaoyang Guo , Meizi Li , Chang Guo
{"title":"Multi-granularity PM2.5 concentration long sequence prediction model combined with spatial–temporal graph","authors":"Bo Zhang , Hongsheng Qin , Yuqi Zhang , Maozhen Li , Dongming Qin , Xiaoyang Guo , Meizi Li , Chang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Air pollution problem seriously affects the ecological environment and human health. More accurate predictions over a longer time span would enhance the effectiveness of early warning and prevention measures. Although existing methods have made progress in short sequence prediction, the predictions on long sequences remain challenges due to information loss. In this paper, we propose a spatial–temporal graph-based long sequence air pollutant prediction model. The proposed model first downsamples the time series into different granularities to capture the temporal features. Then, we use the vector production method to construct a spatial–temporal graph for each granularity which combines spatial information with temporal information. The unique spatial–temporal relationships of each city under different time granularities can be extracted by graph attention network (GAT). This approach helps model to capture dependencies in the time series comprehensively, thereby improving the accuracy of long sequence prediction. Based on the scenario and air pollution datasets imported from the detection station in Shanghai, extensive experiments show that the proposed model outperforms existing approaches on MSE and MAE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":310,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PlotToSat: A tool for generating time-series signatures from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 at field-based plots for machine learning applications","authors":"Milto Miltiadou , Stuart Grieve , Paloma Ruiz-Benito , Julen Astigarraga , Verónica Cruz-Alonso , Julián Tijerín Triviño , Emily R. Lines","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PlotToSat offers a practical and time efficient way to the challenge of extracting time-series from multiple Earth Observation (EO) datasets at numerous plots spread across a landscape. This opens up new opportunities to understand and model various ecosystems. Regarding forest ecology, plot networks play a vital role in monitoring and understanding the dynamics of forest ecosystems. These networks often contain thousands of plots arranged systematically to represent an ecosystem. Combining field data collected at plots with EO time-series will allow us to better understand phenology and ecosystem composition, structure and distribution. Linking plot networks with EO data without PlotToSat is time consuming and computational expensive because plots are small and spread out, requiring data from multiple satellite tiles. PlotToSat processed a full year of multi-tile Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data (estimated 18.3TB) at 15,962 plots from the fourth Spanish Forest Inventory in less than 24 h. PlotToSat, implemented using the Python API of Google Earth Engine, offers a new and unique workflow that is innovative due to its efficient, scalable and adaptable implementation. It supports Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data, but its flexible design eases integration of additional EO datasets. New environmental modelling is expected to emerge facilitating EO time-series analyses and investigating interactive effects of environmental drivers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":310,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106395"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elise Mills , Graeme F. Clark , Matthew J. Simpson , Mark Baird , Matthew P. Adams
{"title":"A generalised sigmoid population growth model with energy dependence: Application to quantify the tipping point for Antarctic shallow seabed algae","authors":"Elise Mills , Graeme F. Clark , Matthew J. Simpson , Mark Baird , Matthew P. Adams","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sigmoid growth models are often used to study population dynamics. The size of a population at equilibrium commonly depends explicitly on the availability of resources, such as an energy or nutrient source, which is not explicit in standard sigmoid growth models. A simple generalised extension of sigmoid growth models is introduced that can explicitly account for this resource-dependence, demonstrated by three examples of this family of models of increasing mathematical complexity. Each model is calibrated and compared to observed data for algae under sea-ice in Antarctic coastal waters. It was found that through careful construction, models satisfying the proposed framework can estimate key properties of a sea-ice break-out controlled tipping point for the algae, which cannot be estimated using standard sigmoid growth models. The proposed broader family of energy-dependent sigmoid growth models likely has usage in many population growth contexts where resources limit population size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":310,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Xu , Heng Li , Yuqian Hu , Chunxiao Zhang , Bingli Xu
{"title":"Toward improved deep learning-based regionalized streamflow modeling : Exploiting the power of basin similarity","authors":"Yang Xu , Heng Li , Yuqian Hu , Chunxiao Zhang , Bingli Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In deep learning (DL)-based regionalized streamflow modeling, basin similarity has demonstrated to be effective for sharing hydrological information. However, the differences in the use of hydrological information by DL due to different basin similarity strategies remain underexplored. For this, we cluster and regionalize 222 Australian basins based on hydrology, climate, landscape, and position characteristics, and compare their performance with the benchmark model. The results reveal: (1) Basin similarity strategies-based models outperform the benchmark model, demonstrating the effectiveness of basin similarity strategies; (2) Hydrology similarity yields the best model, while climate similarity is relatively stable, suggesting that the key hydrological information for improving DL performance comes from hydrology and climate characteristics; (3) The differences in DL’s utilization of hydrological information are influenced by the combined effects of basin climate, hydrology, soil, and vegetation conditions. This study provides insights into how DL-based regionalized streamflow modeling more effectively utilize basin hydrological information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":310,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SHAP-NET, a network based on Shapley values as a new tool to improve the explainability of the XGBoost-SHAP model for the problem of water quality","authors":"Marek Kruk","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this work is to find an effective combination of modelling based on the boosting technique and Shapley value computation with the practise of evaluating an undirected graph model. To this end, we created an XGBoost-SHAP regression model in which the target variable is the cyanobacteria concentration and the model variables consist of 20 environmental factors. Two partial correlation-based graphs were then created. Firstly, a preliminary network containing all the features (with the target variable) with the original datasets of the parameters, and secondly, a network called SHAP-NET based on the Shapley values of the independent variables from the SHAP model. It seems that by using new combined machine learning and network tools such as SHAP-NET, it will be possible to further improve the idea of explainability of models in the field of XAI (eXplainable Artificial Intelligence), and attempts to solve practical domain problems, as in this work, can contribute to progress in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":310,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Frederik Priem , Marianne Jilge , Uta Heiden , Ben Somers , Frank Canters
{"title":"Generic spectral library framework for urban land cover mapping with optical remote sensing imagery","authors":"Frederik Priem , Marianne Jilge , Uta Heiden , Ben Somers , Frank Canters","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spectral libraries link surface reflectance characteristics to thematic cover type interpretation. Despite their potential, spectral libraries are rarely used beyond their original application or analysis. In this paper we introduce the concept of a Generic Urban Spectral Library (GUSL). A GUSL is a thoroughly labelled collection of multi-site, -sensor and -temporal spectral libraries that supports urban mapping. The GUSL is envisioned as an open data source equipped with tools that facilitate deployment for different mapping purposes and image types. We introduce the GUSL concept, present a preliminary implementation containing eight spectral libraries and discuss two use case experiments performed with the spectral libraries and the GSL-tools currently included in the GUSL. The first use case focuses on GUSL expansion with image-derived spectral endmembers. From a 200 by 200-pixel hyperspectral urban image, we extract 229 endmember spectra. By comparing the extracted spectra to the spectra already included in the experimental GUSL, we demonstrate how the GUSL can reduce the burden of endmember labelling and identify spectra that are novel to the GUSL. In the second use case the experimental GUSL is used for mapping urban land cover from airborne hyperspectral data in two cities (Munich, Brussels) for which local spectra are included in the GUSL, and in a third city (Pavia) for which no local spectra are present in the library. Generalized material group and more detailed artificial material type mapping yield average user and producer accuracies ranging between 0.72 and 0.96. When mapping is performed on the Pavia image, the obtained material group accuracies remain reasonable, i.e., around 0.80. Our experimental results confirm the potential of the GUSL for urban library building and mapping. Future research avenues are proposed to move towards an operational GUSL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":310,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106405"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What is the optimal digital elevation model grid size to best capture hillslope gullies and contour drains?","authors":"W.D. Dimuth P. Welivitiya , G.R. Hancock","doi":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aerial and ground-based survey routinely employs technology such as digital photogrammetry, Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). These systems produce huge data sets with varying accuracy and reliability. At present there are no guidelines for the grid size dimension needed to accurately and reliably represent common features such as rills, gullies and contour drains. Here, synthetic landscapes with a very high density of points (10,000 pt m<sup>−2</sup>) are created. Coordinate data capture error is also examined. Results demonstrate that for the reliable representation of a gully or contour drain, the DEM grid spacing needs to be at least 1/3 the width of the feature of interest. Typical coordinate errors inherent within the data do not significantly affect the definition of gullies or contour drains. The findings here provide a defensible guide for the coordinate density required to hydrologically and geomorphically represent a landscape surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":310,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Modelling & Software","volume":"188 ","pages":"Article 106404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}