AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi最新文献

{"title":"Produksi Enzim Ligninolitik dan Dekolorisasi Pewarna Sintetis Oleh Isolat Baru Jamur Tropis Cymatoderma dendriticum WM01","authors":"Maulida Oktaviani, Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat, Yusup Amin, Dede Heri Yuli Yanto","doi":"10.15408/KAUNIYAH.V14I2.17184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/KAUNIYAH.V14I2.17184","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakPenggunaan pewarna sintetik pada berbagai industri telah menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Jamur pelapuk putih (JPP) yang umumnya menghasilkan enzim ligninolitik dipercaya mampu mendegradasi senyawaan ini. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan isolat baru JPP Cymatoderma dendriticum WM01 dalam memproduksi enzim ligninolitik dan mendekolorisasi pewarna sintetik. Skrining aktivitas enzim diukur berdasarkan pertumbuhan jamur pada media agar alkali-lignin, sedangkan aktivitas dekolorisasi diukur berdasarkan kemampuan jamur mendokolorisasi pewarna Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) pada medium agar. Kemampuan dekolorisasi dan aktivitas enzimatik jamur terhadap tiga jenis pewarna menggunakan media Dzapek-Dox cair yang masing-masing mengandung pewarna RBBR, Acid Blue 129 (AB129), dan Reactive Black 5 (RB5). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pembentukan zona merah kecokelatan pada media alkali-lignin akibat adanya aktivitas degradasi lignin oleh jamur, sedangkan pemudaran warna pada media agar-RBBR menunjukkan kemampuan dekolorisasi jamur terhadap pewarna sistetis. C. dendriticum WM01 mendekolorisasi pewarna RBBR, AB129, dan RB5 dengan efisiensi masing-masing sebesar 22,6%, 81,9%, dan 12,1%. Selama proses dekolorisasi hanya enzim mangan peroksidase (0,3 U/L) yang dihasilkan oleh C. dendriticum WM01. Menariknya, penambahan ekstrak daun jati (50 mg/20 mL) mampu meningkatkan aktivitas enzim mangan peroksidase hingga 37,6 U/L dan lakase hingga 208,1 U/L. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa isolat C. dendriticum WM01 berpotensi untuk digunakan pada dekolorisasi air limbah pewarna tekstil.Abstract The use of synthetic dyes in various industries caused environmental pollution. White-rot fungi, which generally produce ligninolytic enzymes, are believed to be able to degrade these recalcitrant compounds. This study aims to investigate the ability of the new isolate white-rot fungus Cymatoderma dendriticum WM01 to decolorize synthetic dyes. Screening of ligninolytic activity was based on fungal growth on alkali-lignin agar media, while decolorization activity was observed by the fungal ability to decolorize Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye in agar medium. The strain was tested to decolorize RBBR, Acid Blue 129 (AB129), and Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dyes in Dzapek-Dox broth media. The results showed the formation of a red-brownish area on alkali-lignin agar media, indicated degradation of lignin by strain WM01. The strain was able to decolorize RBBR, AB129, and RB5 dyes with efficiency of 22.6%, 81.9%, and 12.1%, respectively. During decolorization, only manganese peroxidase (0.3 U/L) was detected in culture medium.  Interestingly, the addition of teak leaf extract (50 mg/20 mL) increased the activity of manganese peroxidase to 37.6 U/L and laccase to 208.1 U/L. This study suggests that C. dendriticum WM01 has the potential to be used in decolorization of textile dye wastewater.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89230580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Komunitas Burung di Beberapa Situ Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten","authors":"Walid Rumblat, Abdul Bagas, Feby Irfanullah, Ai Winarsih","doi":"10.15408/KAUNIYAH.V14I2.15580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/KAUNIYAH.V14I2.15580","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakMutu dan fungsi beberapa situ di Tangerang Selatan telah menurun akibat terjadinya pemanfaatan dan alih fungsi lahan, sehingga mengancam keanekaragaman hayati baik flora maupun fauna. Kajian mengenai komunitas burung dan peranannya sebagai bioindikator di beberapa situ diperlukan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai kemampuan situ dalam mendukung kehidupan burung. Data jenis burung dikumpulkan dengan metode look and see. Data jenis burung yang diperoleh dari Situ Gintung, Situ Sasak, Situ Bungur, dan Situ Pamulang di Tangerang Selatan dianalisis kelimpahan dan dihitung indeks kesamaan jenisnya. Untuk melihat kualitas lingkungan situ, data jenis burung ditabulasikan dan dianalisis menggunakan indeks komunitas burung. Kekayaan jenis tertinggi ditemukan di Situ Gintung (24 famili, 30 genus, dan 38 jenis). Terdapat 16 jenis burung yang memiliki frekuensi perjumpaan tertinggi di ketiga situ (100%). Situ Bungur dan Situ Sasak memiliki kesamaan jenis tertinggi dengan nilai 0,519. Situ Gintung memiliki nilai indeks komunitas burung paling tinggi dengan nilai 70,2 dan termasuk kategori kualitas lingkungan baik, sedangkan Situ Sasak termasuk kategori menengah dan Situ Bungur termasuk kategori rendah. AbstractThe quality and function of several lake in South Tangerang has decreased due to the use and converted of land functions that threaten the biodiversity of both flora and fauna in the region. A study of the bird community and its role as a bio-indicator in some cases is needed to provide an overview of the situability in supporting bird life. Data obtained by direct observation using look ang see method. Data on bird species obtained from Gintung lake, Sasak lake, Bungur lake and Pamulang lake in South Tangerang were analyzed for abundance and similarity index calculated for their species. Bird species data were tabulated and analyzed using the bird community index to see the quality of the environment. The highest type of diversity is found in Gintung lake (24 families, 30 genera, and 38 species). There are 16 species of birds that have the highest frequency of encounter in the fourth place (100%). Bungur and Pamulang lake have the highest similarity with a value of 0.78. Gintung lake has the highest bird community index value with a value of 68, Sasak lake and Bungur lake which scored 60.4 and Pamulang lake with a value of 55.2 including the middle category. ","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90098447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolasi Kapang Endofit Pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) yang Berpotensi Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Devi Devi, Anggraeni Anggraeni, Tri Wahyuni","doi":"10.15408/KAUNIYAH.V14I2.14051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/KAUNIYAH.V14I2.14051","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakTumbuhan pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional. Metabolit sekunder sebagai senyawa bioaktif pada tumbuhan dapat diperoleh melalui kapang endofit tanpa harus mengekstrak dari tumbuhan. Metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan oleh kapang endofit dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi kapang endofit pada tumbuhan pelawan (T. merguensis Griff.) yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah isolasi kapang endofit, pemurnian kapang endofit, uji aktivitas antibakteri kapang endofit, dan uji kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder kapang endofit. Hasil isolasi didapatkan 10 isolat kapang endofit yang terdiri dari 1 isolat dari bagian akar, 7 isolat dari bagian ranting, dan 2 isolat dari bagian daun. Identifikasi kapang endofit dengan pengamatan makroskopis dan mikroskopis termasuk dalam genus Paecilomyces, Cladosporium, Pestalotiopsis, Aspergillus, dan Penicillium. Isolat kapang endofit yang memiliki respon hambat pertumbuhan terhadap bakteri uji tergolong sedang termasuk genus Penicillium. Hasil uji kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder kapang endofit tergolong senyawa saponin dan alkaloid. Berdasarkan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif pada kapang endofit tumbuhan pelawan dapat dijadikan sebagai antibakteri.AbstractPelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff.) is a plant that is used as traditional medicine. Secondary metabolites as bioactive compounds in plants can be obtained through endophytic fungi without having to extract them from plants. The metabolites produced by endophytic fungi can function as antibacterial agents. This research aimed to isolate endophytic fungi in pelawan (T. merguensis Griff.) which have potential as antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The method order used in this research was isolation endophytic fungi, purification of the isolates, antibacterial activity test, and determination of secondary metabolite compounds of endophytic fungi.  Isolation results obtained 10 isolates of endophytic fungi consisting of 1 isolate from the root, 7 isolates from the branches and 2 isolates from the leaves. Identification through macroscopic and microscopic observations showed they belonged to the genera of Paecilomyces, Cladosporium, Pestalotiopsis, Aspergillus, and Penicillium. The isolates that showed a moderate growth inhibition response included the genus of Penicillium. The secondary metabolites produced by the isolates are classified as saponins and alkaloids. In conclusion, the bioactive compounds in the endophytic fungi from pelawan have the potential to be used as antibacterial agents.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83875057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pertumbuhan, Retensi Protein, dan Perkembangan Gonad Polychaeta Nereis sp. Dengan Salinitas dan Pakan Berbeda","authors":"Eko Setio Wibowo, Atang Atang, I. Puspitasari, E. Palupi","doi":"10.15408/KAUNIYAH.V14I2.17463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/KAUNIYAH.V14I2.17463","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakPolychaeta Nereis sp. memiliki kandungan asam amino dan asam lemak tak jenuh yang tinggi, sesuai untuk pakan udang dalam meningkatkan pematangan gonad untuk produksi larva udang. Potensi ini mendorong pengembangan usaha budi daya Nereis sp. sebagai pakan induk udang.  Usaha ini belum berkembang karena informasi tentang aspek biologi yang mendukung budi daya Nereis sp. masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, studi tentang aspek biologi Nereis sp. dengan berbagai modifikasi lingkungan dan pakan perlu dilakukan untuk menunjang keberhasilan usaha budi daya Nereis sp.  Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pertumbuhan spesifik, retensi protein, dan perkembangan gonad Nereis sp. dari Kawasan Jeruklegi Cilacap dengan salinitas dan pakan yang berbeda. Hasilnya akan digunakan sebagai informasi untuk mendukung budi daya Nereis sp. yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Nereis sp. immature dengan dua jenis pakan, pada tiga salinitas yang berbeda (5, 15, dan 25 ppt).  Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan spesifik optimum Nereis sp. pada pemeliharaan salinitas 15 ppt dengan jenis pakan berprotein hewani.  Salinitas 15 ppt dan pakan berprotein hewani juga menghasilkan retensi protein tetinggi. Salinitas pemeliharaan dan jenis pakan belum mempengaruhi perkembangan gonad secara signifikan. Pemeliharaan Nereis sp. dengan salinitas 15 ppt dan pakan berprotein hewani menunjukkan hasil terbaik.Abstract Polychaeta Nereis sp. has a high content of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, suitable for shrimp feed in increasing gonadal maturation for shrimp larvae production.  This potential encourages the development of Nereis sp. to meet the needs of raw material for shrimp feed.  This business has not developed due to limitations in information about the biological aspects that support the cultivation of Nereis sp. Therefore, some studies about biological aspects of Nereis sp. with various environmental and feed modifications need to be conducted to support the success of its cultivation. This study aims to determine the specific growth, protein retention, and gonad development of Nereis sp. from the Jeruklegi Cilacap area with different salinity and feed. The results will be used as information to support the sustainable cultivation of Nereis sp. Conducted experimentally with a randomized block design method with three replications, the study used immature Nereis sp. with two types of feed that were maintained at three different salinity (5, 15, and 25 ppt). The results showed that the highest specific growth was Nereis sp. in 15 ppt of salinity with animal protein feed. The salinity 15 ppt and animal protein feed also resulted in the highest protein retention. However, the salinity maintenance and type of feed have not significantly affected gonad development. Maintenance of Nereis sp. with 15 ppt salinity and animal protein feed showed the best results","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86596070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The in Vitro Antibiofilm Activity of Waterfall and Marine Bacteria Against Human Bacterial Pathogens","authors":"S. Magdalena, Natassa Rustandi, Y. Yogiara","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v13i2.14926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v13i2.14926","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakKeterlibatan biofilm pada infeksi kronis dan pada permukaan peralatan medis selalu menjadi wacana penting bagi kesehatan umum di dunia. Biofilm bakteri berkaitan dengan tingkat resistensi terhadap antibiotik yang menjadikan infeksi sulit untuk diobati. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, pengendalian yang efektif perlu diimplementasikan, seperti penerapan senyawa antibiofilm. Beberapa tahun terakhir, lingkungan akuatik menjadi salah satu sumber potensi penghasil senyawa bioaktif, termasuk senyawa antibiofilm. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menapis dan mengkarakterisasi bakteri asal air terjun dan laut yang diperoleh dari beberapa lokasi di Indonesia, sebagai penghasil aktivitas antibiofilm. Isolat dievaluasi berdasarkan kemampuan aktivitas antimikroba terhadap enam bakteri patogen dan diikuti dengan penapisan senyawa antibiofilm. Sebanyak 11 dari 65 isolat menunjukkan aktivitas quorum sensing atau quorum quenching, dan hanya terdapat satu isolat yang memiliki aktivitas keduanya. Supernatan kesebelas isolat menunjukkan penghambatan pembentukan biofilm setidaknya terhadap satu patogen dengan metode uji biofilm statis. Karakterisasi senyawa bioaktif dari lima isolat yang terpilih menunjukkan aktivitas senyawa yang berbeda, seperti karbohidrat, protein, dan asam nukleat. Sekuensing gen penyandi 16S rRNA menetapkan kelima isolat tersebut berada dalam dua genus yang berbeda, Vibrio (WK2.4, WK2.6, and WK2.3) dan Pseudomonas (S1.2 dan S1.3). Penelitian ini memberikan wawasan baru terhadap pencarian kandidat bakteri akuatik sebagai agen antibiofilm yang potensial. Abstract Biofilm involvement in chronic infections and on the surface of medical equipments have been considered as public health concern worldwide. Bacterial biofilm is related to antibiotic resistance that made the diseases difficult to treat. An effective control strategy should be implemented, for example, by applying antibiofilm agents. Recently, concerns has been given to aquatic environment as potential sources of bioactive compounds, including the antibiofilm compounds. This study aimed to screen and characterize waterfall and marine bacteria obtained from several locations in Indonesia which have antibiofilm activity. The isolates were first evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against six bacterial pathogens and followed by antibiofilm screening. Eleven out of 65 isolates showed quorum sensing or quorum quenching activity, and one of them showed both activities. Supernatants of 11 isolates inhibited biofilm formation of at least one pathogen by using static biofilm assay. Bioactive compounds characterization of the selected five isolates revealed the presence of different compounds, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. The 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis classified five isolates into two different genera, Vibrio (WK2.4, WK2.6, and WK2.3) and Pseudomonas (S1.2 and S1.3). The present study provides insights into the discovery of aquatic bacteria candidates as ant","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82856623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolasi Mikroorganisme Potensial Penghasil Lipase dari Limbah Pengolahan Minyak Kelapa Sawit Malinping","authors":"Ika Rahmatul Layly, Erma Widyasti, Deden Rosid Waltam, Ayi Mufti, Nita Oktavia Wiguna, Trismilah Trismilah","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v13i2.14699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v13i2.14699","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakLipase adalah kelompok enzim yang mengkatalisis hidrolisis rantai panjang trigliserida, lemak, dan minyak menjadi gliserol dan asam lemak dengan adanya air. Sumber lipase untuk industri kebanyakan berasal dari mikroorganisme. Penggunaan lipase pada industri makin meningkat setiap tahunnya meliputi aplikasinya pada industri makanan, pakan, farmasi, pulp, dan kertas, biodiesel, dan industri tekstil. Dalam usaha mendapatkan isolat potensial penghasil lipase untuk hHidrofilisasi serat poliester, pada penelitian ini dilakukan skrining dan isolasi mikroorganisme yang dapat menghasilkan lipase dari limbah pengolahan minyak kelapa sawit di Malinping, Lebak, Banten. Sebanyak 20 isolat bakteri dan 5 isolat jamur yang diperoleh kemudian diuji aktivitas lipasenya menggunakan metode titrasi. Empat isolat bakteri terpilih (Kondensat, Lumpur-Got, Hasil-Buangan, dan Tangki-Crude-Oil) serta lima isolat jamur (Nut-A, Nut-B, Nut-C, Kernel-B, dan Kernel-C) dikarakterisasi pH dan suhu optimum enzimnya. Hasil karakterisasi pH menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri Kondensat, Lumpur-Got, Hasil-Buangan, dan Tangki-Crude-Oil mempunyai aktivitas enzim lipase tertinggi pada pH 6. Suhu optimal aktivitas enzim lipase isolat Lumpur-Got-B, Hasil Buangan-B, dan Tangki-Crude-Oil B  pada 40 °°C, sedangkan isolat bakteri-Kondensat-B optimal pada suhu 30 °°C. Aktivitas lipase kelima isolat jamur optimal pada pH 6. Suhu optimal aktivitas lipase isolat jamur Nut-A adalah 40 °°C, sedangkan isolat Nut-B, Nut-C, Kernel-B, dan Kernel-C aktivitasnya optimal pada 50 °°C.Abstract Lipase are enzymes that catalyzed the hydrolysis of triglyceride, fats and oils into glycerol and fatty acids in the presence of water. Industrial Lipase source mostly derived from microbes. Each year, the lipase utilization in industry increased, such as application for foods, feeds, pharmacys, pulp and papers, biodiesel, and textile industries. On this study, a total of 20 bacteria and 5 fungi lipase potential producer were screened and isolated from oil palm processing waste in Malinping, Lebak, Banten, which then tested for its activity using titration method. Selected isolates then were characterized for its enzyme optimum pH and temperature. The optimum pH for isolate Kondensat, Lumpur-Got, Hasil-Buangan and Crude-Oil-Tank lipases are at pH 6, whilst the optimum temperature of isolates Lumpur-Got B, Hasil-Buangan B and Crude-Oil-Tank B were at 40 °°C and bakteri-Kondensat B isolate optimum at 30 °°C. The five fungi characterization shown optimum pH at 6 and 50 °°C except for isolate Nut-A that optimum at 30 °°C.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82120648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keanekaragaman Benalu di Ecopark, Cibinong Science Center-Botanic Gardens","authors":"P. Hutabarat, R. N. Zulkarnaen, M. Mulyani","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v13i2.15112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v13i2.15112","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakArea konservasi ex situ, Ecopark Cibinong Science Center-Botanic Gardens (CSC-BG), membutuhkan strategi pemeliharaan tanaman koleksi yang tepat untuk mendukung kesehatan dan keberlanjutan koleksinya. Serangan benalu atau tumbuhan parasit tidak hanya dapat merusak estetika, namun juga menghambat pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, bahkan membunuh tanaman koleksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis benalu dan distribusi spasial dari sebaran benalu di Ecopark CSC-BG. Pengumpulan spesimen dan data, meliputi jenis dan jumlah benalu, jenis dan kondisi inang, habitat menggunakan metode jelajah di seluruh area ini. Ditemukan empat jenis benalu dari suku Lorantaceae, yaitu Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq., Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser, Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) Tiegh., dan Dendrophthoe sp. Benalu tersebut tersebar di bioregion Blok 1, Jawa-Bali, Kalimantan, Sumatra, dan Papua. Beberapa faktor ekofisiologi yang disarankan untuk diperhatikan dalam distribusi benalu adalah tinggi inang, ekspos cahaya pada tajuk bagian atas inang, kepadatan tanaman koleksi, keterbukaan atau ekspos cahaya matahari pada habitat. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) dan indeks kemerataan (E’) benalu yang ditemukan menunjukkan H’ = 1,29 dan E’ = 0,93. Hasil analisis pola spasial, keberadaan benalu relatif merata di seluruh bagian Ecopark CSC-BG, dengan keragaman jenis tertinggi berada di bioregion Jawa-Bali, Sumatra, dan Kalimantan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini 4 jenis benalu yang ditemukan di Ecopark CSC-BG dengan nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis benalu tergolong sedang dengan pola sebaran merata.AbstractThe Ecopark Cibinong Science Center-Botanic Gardens (CSC-BG), requires the right collection of plant maintenance strategies to support the health and sustainability of the collection. Attack by parasites or parasitic plants can not only destroy aesthetics, but also inhibit growth and development, and even kill the collected plants. This study aims to determine the diversity of parasite types and the spatial distribution of the distribution of parasites in Ecopark CSC-BG. Collection of specimens and data, including the type and number of parasites, types, and conditions of the host, habitat using the roaming method throughout this area. Four types of parasites were found from the Loranthaceae tribe, namely Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq., Scurrula atropurpurea (Blume) Danser, Macrosolen cochinchinensis (Lour.) Tiegh., and Dendrophthoe sp. These types of parasites are scattered in the Block 1 bioregion, Java-Bali, Kalimantan, Sumatra, and Papua. Some of the recommended ecophysiological factors to consider in the distribution of mistletoes were host height, light exposure to the upper canopy of the host, plant collection density, openness, or exposure to sunlight in the habitat. The diversity index (H') and evenness index (E') of mistletoes found were 1.29 and 0.93, respectively. The results of spatial pattern analysis, the presence of mistletoes ","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80061116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation Styrofoam by Soil Bacteria from Sarimukti Cipatat Bandung Final Disposal Site","authors":"T. R. Hidayat, I. Indrawati, T. Herlina","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v13i2.14529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v13i2.14529","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakStyrofoam digunakan sebagai kemasan makanan atau minuman, dibentuk oleh stiren dan benzena. Migrasi benzena dari bahan kemasan ke makanan dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit. Cara untuk mengurangi limbah styrofoam adalah dengan mencari bakteri yang dapat mendegradasi styrofoam secara alami. Sumber potensial untuk menemukan bakteri tersebut adalah di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sarimukti. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplorasi yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Tahapan  penelitian terdiri atas uji biodegradasi dengan metode Winogradsky Column, perhitungan persentase penurunan berat kering Styrofoam, analisis fisik dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), dan analisis perubahan gugus fungsi dengan FT-IR.Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan 4 spesies bakteri pendegradasi polistiren yaitu Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus, dan Bacillus firmus. Persentase penurunan berat kering polistiren menunjukkan pada minggu kedelapan mencapai 18,23% dan analisis fisik dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) menunjukkan bahwa proses degradasi oleh bakteri tanah menghasilkan pembentukan pori-pori di permukaan Styrofoam. Analisis gugus fungsi menunjukkan bahwa gugus fungsi menjadi lebih sederhana setelah degradasi dengan munculnya gugus fungsi C-O pada bilangan gelombang 1.030,02 cm-1. Bakteri pendegradasi polistiren dari tempat pembuangan akhir Sarimukti ini dapat direkomendasikan sebagai metode yang ramah lingkungan untuk mengurangi limbah styrofoam.Abstract Styrofoam used as packaging food or drinks, that are formed on styrene and benzene. The migration of benzene from packaging materials to food can cause various diseases. The way to reduce styrofoam waste is to look for bacteria that can degrade styrofoam naturally. The most potent source of finding bacteria is in the Sarimukti Final Landfill. This research method uses exploratory methods that are analyzed descriptively qualitative. The stages of the study consisted of biodegradation testing using the Winogradsky method, calculation of the percentage of weight loss of Styrofoam, physical analysis with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and analysis of changes in functional groups with FTIR. The results of this study found 4 species of polystyrene degrading bacteria is Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus firmus. The percentage reduction in dry weight of polystyrene showed in the eighth week which reached 18.23% and physical analysis with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) indicates that the process of degradation by soil bacteria showed the formation of pores on the surface. Functional group analysis shows that functional groups become simpler after the degradation with the appearance of C-O functional groups at wave number 1,030.02 cm-1. These polystyrene degrading bacteria from Sarimukti landfills can be recommended as an environmentally friendly method for reducing styrofoam waste.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84038582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INDEX AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI VOL. 13 NO. 2 OKTOBER 2020","authors":"Index Index","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v13i2.20584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v13i2.20584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82913271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVER AL-KAUNIYAH: JURNAL BIOLOGI VOL. 13 NO. 2 OKTOBER 2020","authors":"Cover Cover","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v13i1.20583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v13i1.20583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"2050 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91326849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}