AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi最新文献

{"title":"KELIMPAHAN BERUANG MADU (Helarctos malayanus Raffles, 1821) DI TAMAN NASIONAL KERINCI SEBLAT, SUMATERA","authors":"Khohirul Hidayah, Fahma Wijayanti","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.9341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.9341","url":null,"abstract":"Beruang madu (Helarctos malayanus Raffles, 1821) merupakan satwa karnivora yang dilindungi berdasarkan IUCN dengan status rentan. Kurangnya informasi tentang beruang madu menyebabkan konservasinya di Indonesia kurang mendapatkan prioritas, maka sebagai langkah awal perlu diketahui kelimpahannya. Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat merupakan salah satu tempat penyebaran beruang madu di Sumatera. Penelitian kelimpahan beruang madu telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode line transect, di 4 lokasi Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan tanda-tanda keberadaan beruang madu meliputi  tapak,  cakaran,  kotoran,  galian  di  tanah,  galian  di  kayu  busuk, dan gigitan. Kelimpahan relatif beruang madu pada habitat sub-pegunungan dan pegunungan sebesar 0,05%, sedangkan   di   habitat   perbukitan   kelimpahan relatifnya 0,03%. Bila dilihat dari tipe hutan, kelimpahan relatif beruang madu cenderung lebih tinggi di hutan primer (5,7%) dibandingkan di hutan sekunder (4,1%).","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74805443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTAGONISTIC TEST OF RIAU LOCAL FUNGAL ISOLATES AGAINST SOME PATHOGENIC IN CULTIVATED PLANTS","authors":"Nia Safitri, A. Martina, R. Roza","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.8730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.8730","url":null,"abstract":"Tanaman budi daya merupakan tanaman yang sering diserang oleh cendawan pathogen, sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan populasi dan produksi tanaman. Pengendalian hayati dengan cendawan antagonis merupakan salah satu metode yang paling efektif dan lebih ramah lingkungan dalam menekan pertumbuhan patogen tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antagonis cendawan isolat lokal Riau terhadap beberapa cendawan patogen pada tanaman budi daya. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode dual culture menggunakan lima belas cendawan isolat lokal Riau terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Ganoderma philippii, G. boninense, Rigidoporus microporus dan Colletotrichum sansevieria. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 memiliki aktivitas antagonis tertinggi dan isolat FER C1 serta isolat LLB07 hanya memiliki aktivitas antagonis yang tinggi dalam menekan pertumbuhan cendawan patogen. Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan miselium F. oxysporum sebesar 85,30%, G. Philippii (100%), G. boninense (100%), dan C. sansevieria (100%). Isolat FER C1 hanya menghambat R. Microporus (50,39%) dan isolat LLB07 menghambat G. philippii (52,20%). Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 merupakan cendawan uji yang terpilih sebagai cendawan antagonis, karena memiliki kemampuan daya hambat  >70%.Abstract Cultivated plants are often attacked by pathogenic fungi resulting in a decline of population and crop production. Biocontrol with antagonistic fungi is one of the most effective and environmentally friendly methods in suppressing the growth of plant pathogens. This study aims to examine the antagonistic activity of local isolates fungi Riau against some pathogenic fungi on cultivated plants. The antagonistic test was performed in vitro by dual culture method using fifteen local isolates fungal Riau against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, Ganoderma philippii, G. boninense, Rigidoporus microporus and Colletotrichum sansevieria. The results showed that Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate exhibited highest activites and  FER C1 and LLB07 isolates exhibited high activities suppressed the growth of the fungal pathogen. Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate inhibited mycelial growth F. oxysporum (85.30%), G. philippii (100%), G. boninense (100%) and C. sansevieria (100%). FER C1 isolate only inhibited R. microporus (50.39%), and LLB07 isolate inhibited G. philippii (52.20%). Trichoderma sp. PNE 4 isolate is test isolates as fungal antagonistic.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79582114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TUMBUHAN SEBAGAI OBAT TRADISONAL PASCA MELAHIRKAN OLEH SUKU ACEH DI KABUPATEN PIDIE","authors":"Zumaidar Zumaidar, Saudah Saudah, Saida Rasnovi, Essy Harnelly","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.9991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.9991","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakPemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisional merupakan kearifan lokal yang diturunkan secara turun temurun berdasarkan resep nenek moyang, adat istiadat, kepercayaan atau kebiasaan setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis tumbuhan yang digunakan dalam pengobatan pasca melahirkan oleh Suku Aceh di Kabupaten Pidie. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah teknik Participatory Rural Appraisal dan observasi. Parameter dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis tumbuhan obat, jenis ramuan obat dan cara penggunaan ramuan dalam pengobatan pasca melahirkan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh 25 jenis tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam 15 suku yang digunakan dalam pengobatan pasca melahirkan di Kabupaten Pidie. Jenis ramuan dalam pengobatan tradisional pasca melahirkan terdiri dari obat dalam dan obat luar. Obat dalam yang digunakan terdiri obat perut, bedak param, dan pilis. Penggunaan ramuan obat dalam dan obat luar selama pasca melahirkan dilakukan selama 44 hari. Manfaat dari penggunaan obat tersebut diantaranya menambah darah, meningkatkan jumlah air susu ibu, menghangatkan badan, dan menghilangkan lelah serta letih pasca melahirkan. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat secara tradisional sampai saat ini masih digunakan oleh masyarakat Aceh pada pengobatan ibu pasca melahirkan, selain pengobatan modern.Abstract Traditional medicine is a drug that is processed in a simple, hereditary based on ancestral recipes, customs, beliefs or local knowledge. This study aims to identify the species of plants used in post-natal care by Acehnese in Pidie District. The method used in data collection is Participatory Rural Appraisal and observation techniques. The parameters in this study are the species of medicinal plants, types of medicinal herbs and how to use the ingredients in postnatal care. The results of the study obtained 25 species plant that is grouped into 15 family used in post-natal care in Pidie District. A Traditional herbs post-natal medicine consists of internal and external medicine. The internal medicine used as stomach medicine, param powder and pilis. The use of medicinal herbs to internal and external medicine after postnatal was carried out for 44 days. The perceived benefits included adding blood, increasing the amount of breast milk, warming the body and eliminating fatigue and fatigue after childbirth. Utilization of traditional medicinal plants in this time are still used by Acehnese in the treatment of postnatal mother, besides modern treatment.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85576096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KARAKTERISASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI BAKTERI RIZOSFER TANAMAN SAWIT JAMBI","authors":"K. Khairani, Fitratul Aini, Hesti Riany","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.11723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.11723","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakBakteri rizosfer adalah bakteri yang terdapat pada daerah perakaran tanaman yang diketahui memiliki keanekaragaman tinggi. Bakteri rizosfer memiliki berbagai peran seperti menyediakan nutrisi bagi tanaman, melindungi tanaman dari infeksi bakteri patogen, menghasilkan hormon pertumbuhan seperti indol acetic acid, pelarut fosfat, pengikat nitrogen, dan lain-lain. Dengan berbagai kemampuan dan peran tersebut, maka perlu eksplorasi bakteri rizosfer tanaman sawit khususnya di daerah perkebunan agar diketahui kelompok bakteri rizosfer, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelompok dan keragaman bakteri rizosfer pada tanaman sawit yang berumur 8, 11, dan 14 tahun. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan konvensional dengan karakterisasi morfologi dan uji biokimia. Dari umur-umur tersebut, didapatkan 18 isolat yang terdiri dari 11 genus, yaitu Bacillus, Azospirillum, Actinobacillus, Xanthobacter, Enterococcus, Paenibacillus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Micrococcus, dan Streptococcus. Bakteri rizosfer tanaman sawit memiliki keragaman genus yang sama pada umur 8, 11, dan 14 tahun. Genus bakteri yang didapatkan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai PGPR (Plant Promoting Rhizobacteria).Abstract Rhizosphere bacteria are bacteria found in root areas. Rhizosphere bacteria have various roles such as providing nutrients for plants, protecting plants from infection pathogenic bacteria, producing growth hormones such as indol acetic acid, phosphate solvents, nitrogen binders, and others. By having these various abilities and roles, it is necessary to explore the bacteria of oil palm plants, especially in the plantation areas so that the group of rhizosphere bacteria can be identified and then utilized optimally. This study aims to determine the group and diversity of rhizosphere bacteria in oil palm plants that are 8, 11, and 14 years old. The research was conducted conventionally by observing morphological and biochemical characterization. At those ages, 18 isolates were consisting of 11 genera, namely Bacillus, Azospirillum, Actinobacillus, Xanthobacter, Enterococcus, Paenibacillus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Micrococcus, and Streptococcus through conventional methods. Rhizosphere bacteria in oil palm plants have the same genus diversity at the ages of 8, 11, and 14 years. The bacterial genus obtained can be used as PGPR (Plant Promoting Rhizobacteria).","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82296571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KEANEKARAGAMAN JAMUR MAKROSKOPIS DI BEBERAPA HABITAT KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL BALURAN","authors":"Ratna Wati, Noverita Noverita, T. Setia","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.10363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.10363","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakJamur merupakan komponen dasar yang sangat penting dalam suatu ekosistem. Taman Nasional Baluran merupakan salah satu ekosistem dengan beberapa tipe habitat yang mendukung pertumbuhan jamur. Kawasan ini memiliki keanekaragaman jamur yang belum banyak dieksplorasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi, keanekaragaman jenis dan potensi jamur makroskopis di lima tipe habitat di kawasan Taman Nasional Baluran. Penelitian dilakukan pada tipe habitat hutan primer perbukitan, hutan primer dataran rendah, hutan evergreen, hutan musim dan hutan jati pada bulan Maret 2013. Metode yang digunakan adalah petak kuadrat yang berukuran 10 x 10 m pada jalur dengan interval 50 m sebanyak 20 plot pada masing-masing tipe habitat. Jumlah jenis jamur makroskopis yang ditemukan adalah sebanyak 152 jenis, 37 marga dan 25 suku. Masing-masing lokasi memiliki kesamaan jenis yang berbeda. Indeks keanekaragaman termasuk kategori rendah. Pada hutan primer perbukitan sebesar 2,154; hutan primer dataran rendah sebesar 2,144; hutan jati sebesar 2,423; hutan musim sebesar 1,375; dan evergreen sebesar 1,063. Terdapat perbedaan jenis jamur makroskopis yang mendominasi setiap habitat. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan jamur makroskopis berpotensi dekomposer, mikoriza, obat dan pangan. Hasil penelitian diharapkan para pihak dapat menjaga kawasan untuk mempertahankan keanekaragaman hayati khususnya jamur makroskopis sehingga dapat dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut serta dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sekitar.Abstract The fungus is a basic component that is very important in the forest ecosystem. Baluran National Park is one of the ecosystems with several types of habitats, which supports the growth of fungus. This area has a diversity of macrofungi that has not been much explored. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition, diversity and potential of macrofungi in five habitat types in Baluran National Park area.The study was conducted on habitat types of hills hilly primary forest, primary forest of lowland, evergreen forest, forest season and jati forests in March 2013.The method used is the swath of squares measuring 10 x 10 m on track, with an interval of 50 m, as many as 20 plots in each habitat type. Number of species of macrofungi found as many as 152 species, 37 genera and 25 familiy. Each location has a different kind of similarity. The diversity index is categorized as low. hills hilly primary forest amounted to 2.154, primary forest of lowland amounted to 2.144, jati forest of 2.423, seasons forest of 1.375 and evergreen of 1.063. There are different types of macrofungi that dominate in every habitat. In this study found macroscopic fungi potentially as decomposers, mycorrhizae, medicinal and food. From the research result expected the management of Baluran National Park can maintain the area to protect biodiversity in particular macrofungi so that it can be further research and can be used by the local community.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79247257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDI IN SILICO: PREDIKSI PENGARUH MUTASI TITIK GEN VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR-2 (VEGFR2) TERHADAP STRUKTUR SEKUNDER PROTEIN","authors":"Karina Karina, Imam Rosadi, Iis Rosliana, K. A. Wahyuningsih","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.11804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.11804","url":null,"abstract":"Angiogenesis merupakan proses penting untuk pertumbuhan dan regenerasi sel. Salah satu protein yang berperan dalam angiogenesis adalah vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).  VEGF akan berinteraksi dengan reseptornya seperti vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) untuk meregulasi proses angiogenesis. Mutasi pada gen VEGFR2 pada manusia dilaporkan dapat menyebabkan penyakit strawberry mark (hemangioma). Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan studi dan penelusuran terkait mutasi yang berperan dalam terbentuknya hemangioma. Beberapa tahapan yang dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh mutasi tersebut diantaranya dengan melakukan penelusuran informasi dasar dan komposisi gen VEGFR2, analisis ortolog dan paralog gen VEGFR2, dan analisis struktur sekunder protein VEGFR2 manusia. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa mutasi VEGFR2 pada basa ke-3741 yaitu sitosin (C) menjadi timin (T) dilaporkan ditemukan pada jaringan tumor hemangioma. Perubahan basa ke-3741 sitosin menjadi timin mengakibatkan perubahan asam amino prolin menjadi serin yang dapat berdampak pada regulasi ekspresi VEGF. Ortolog dan paralog dari gen VEGFR2 manusia adalah gen VEGFR2 mencit dan gen fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) manusia. Hasil analisis pengaruh mutasi terhadap bentuk dan struktur protein menunjukkan tidak ada perubahan yang signifikan, namun posisi mutasi di bagian ekstraseluler sel diduga mempengaruhi regulasi ekspresi VEGF melalui ikatan ligan-reseptor.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72935397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INDEX COVER","authors":"Index Cover","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.13095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.13095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85621822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESSION OF PROTEIN CD73/CD90/CD105/CD34/CD45/CD11b/CD19/HLA-DR ON STEM CELLS FROM HUMAN FAT TISSUE, USING CYTOMETRY FLOW","authors":"I. Rosadi, K. Karina, I. Rosliana, S. Sobariah, I. Afini, Tias Widyastuti, A. Barlian","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.8751","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.8751","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakSel punca merupakan sel yang dapat membelah dan berdiferensiasi menjadi sel jenis lainnya. Sel punca asal jaringan lemak potensial dikembangkan sebagai salah satu alternatif sel punca yang bersumber dari limbah sedot lemak manusia. Sel punca asal jaringan lemak akan mengekspresikan protein spesifik penanda permukaan CD73, CD90, CD105 dalam persentase yang tinggi dan CD34/CD45/CD11b/CD19/HLA-DR dalam persentase yang rendah. Studi ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah sedot lemak manusia dengan melakukan isolasi sel punca asal jaringan lemak dan menguji protein penanda permukaan spesifik sel punca. Beberapa tahapan dalam studi ini adalah isolasi stromal vascular fraction (SVF) dan kultur sel punca asal jaringan lemak manusia, population doubling time (PDT) serta analisis protein penanda permukaan CD7Ee3, CD90, CD105, dan CD34/CD45/CD11b/CD19/HLA-DR pada pasase ke-1 dari 3 donor. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukkan bahwa sel dari jaringan lemak berhasil dikultur dengan durasi pembelahan sel adalah 3,3 hari. Sel mengekspresikan CD73 (99,79%), CD90 (94,17%), CD105 (48,75%), dan CD34/CD45/CD11b/CD19/HLA-DR (kurang dari 2%). Ekspresi CD105 yang rendah dari ketiga donor diduga berkaitan dengan tingkatan pasase sel yang digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa sel punca asal jaringan lemak pasase ke-1 telah mengekspresikan ketiga marker protein penanda permukaan sel punca, yaitu CD73, CD90 dan CD105.Abstract Stem cells are cells that can divide into other different types of similar cells. Stem cells from fat tissue potential have been developed as an alternative stem cell from human liposuction. Stem cells from fat tissue will express high protein-specific markers on CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD34/CD45/CD11b/CD19/HLA-DR in a low percentage. This study aims to utilize human liposuction waste by isolating stem cells from fat tissue and testing protein-specific stem cell surface markers. Some stages in this study are isolation of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and stem cell culture from human fat tissue, population doubling time (PDT) and protein analysis of surface markers CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD34/CD45/CD11b/CD19/HLA-DR on the 1st passage of 3 donors. The results of this study showed that cells from fat tissue were successfully cultured with cell division duration of 3.3 days. Cells expressed CD73 (99.79%), CD90 (94.17%), CD105 (48.75%), and CD34/CD45/CD11b/CD19/HLA-DR (less than 2%). The low expression of CD105 from all three donors is thought to be related to the level of cell passage used. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the stem cells from first passage fat tissue have expressed the three protein markers of stem cell surface markers, namely CD73, CD90 and CD105.","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85951835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDENTIFIKASI SENYAWA AKTIF EKSTRAK DAUN CENGKEH (Syzygium aromaticum) SEBAGAI INHIBITOR Streptococcus mutans","authors":"Usep Suhendar, Sogandi Sogandi","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.12251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.12251","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakKaries gigi adalah penyakit yang umum dialami oleh masyarakat yang terjadi karena buruknya kebersihan mulut. Kebiasaan masyarakat yang kurang menjaga kebersihan mulut mengakibatkan terbentuknya plak. Plak pada gigi terbentuk karena aktivitas dari berbagai macam mikroorganisme di mulut. Mikroorganisme yang diketahui terlibat dalam pembentukan karies gigi adalah Streptococcus mutans. Salah satu bahan alternatif sebagai antibakteri adalah daun cengkeh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi senyawa bioaktif daun cengkeh dan mengetahui mekanisme aksinya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Daun cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dimaserasi menggunakan metanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar, senyawa bioaktif diidentifikasi menggunakan gas chromatography mass spectrometry dan perubahan membran sel bakteri diamati dengan scanning electron microscopy. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak metanol daun cengkeh memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans dengan zona hambat sebesar ±32 mm serta nilai konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) 20% ekstrak. Mekanisme aksi penghambatan ekstrak daun cengkeh terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri diduga dengan membuat lubang pada membran sel bakteri. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa daun cengkeh memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol-eugenol, caryophyllene 1,4,7,-cycloundecatriene, 1,5,9,9-tetramethyl, phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl), dan eugenol acetate yang dapat menjadi kandidat penghasil senyawa aktif untuk mengatasi karies gigi.Abstract Dental caries is a common disease experienced by people who do not maintain oral hygiene. Habits of not maintain oral hygiene result in the formation of plaque. The microorganism known to be involved in the formation of dental caries is Streptococcus mutans. Plants that have antibacterial properties, such as clove (Syzygium aromaticum) leaf, can be an alternative for carrying this problem. This study aims to identify the bioactive compounds of clove leaves and to determine the mechanism of its action in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Clove leaves were macerated using 96% methanol for the extraction. Antibacterial activity was examined by agar diffusion method, bioactive compounds were identified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and bacterial cell membrane changes were observed by an image captured using scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the methanol extract of clove leaf had inhibitory activity on Streptococcus mutans growth, with inhibitory zones of ±32 mm and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20% extract. It was suspected that the mechanism of inhibitory action is by making pores in the bacterial cell membrane. The results also showed that the clove leaves contain bioactive compounds of 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol-eugenol, caryophyllene, 1,4,7, -cycloundecatriene, 1,5,","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73619548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROTALIUM ASSOCIATION WITH VARIOUS EPIPHYTE GROUPS IN THREE TYPES OF HOST TREE","authors":"A. Sedayu, Rosa Maulivia, Hilda Shavina, Nurlaelatul Hilaliah, Muhammad Fadhil Haritsah, R. H. Ristanto","doi":"10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.9523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15408/kauniyah.v12i2.9523","url":null,"abstract":"AbstrakSalah satu kelompok epifit vaskular penting adalah paku-pakuan dengan fase awal pertumbuhannya disebut sebagai protalium. Tumbuhnya protalium di suatu lokasi menjadi penentu bahwa lokasi tersebut potensial ditumbuhi paku-pakuan dewasa. Asosiasi antara protalium dengan tumbuhan lainnya mungkin bermanfaat untuk menentukan potensi satu jenis inang sebagai tempat hidup dari banyak jenis tumbuhan epifit. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan studi asosiasi antara protalium dengan paku dewasa, lumut, liken dan epifit spermatofita pada tiga jenis pohon inang, yaitu Archontophoenix alexandrae, Bichofia javanica dan Dacrycarpus imbricatus. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Purposive Sampling untuk menentukan tiga jenis pohon inang dengan besar masing-masing diameter pohon (DBH) adalah 30–100 cm. Pengambilan sampel protalium dan epifit vaskular lain diambil pada masing-masing zonasi menggunakan milimeter block. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat lima kombinasi, yaitu protalium dengan paku, lumut dengan epifit spermatofita, protalium dengan epifit spermatofita, protalium dengan lumut dan paku dengan lumut. Asosiasi positif dengan nilai tertinggi adalah 23,12, dua kombinasi yang memiliki asosiasi negatif ialah liken dengan lumut dan antara epifit spermatofita dengan liken, dan tiga kombinasi yang tidak berasosiasi ialah protalium dengan liken, paku dengan liken, dan paku dengan epifit spermatofita. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa protalium berbagi karakter habitatnya dengan tiga kelompok tersebut dan tidak dengan kelompok lainnya. Penelitian ini sangat berguna untuk mengetahui jenis pohon dan karakteristik lingkungan yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan protalium.Abstract One of important epiphyte vascular groups is ferns which the beginning phase of their growth is called protalium. Protalium’s growth in one location becomes indicator that the location has a potential to be grown by mature ferns. Association between protalium and other plants may become beneficial to determine the potential of a host species as the host of many epiphytes. Therefore, research about association between protalium and mature ferns, mosses, lichens, spermatophyte epiphyte also was conducted on three species of host tree there are Archontophoenix alexandrae, Bichofia javanica and Dacrycarpus imbricatus. Purposive sampling method was used in this research to determine three types of host trees with the size of 30–100 cm for each tree diametre. Sampling of protalium and other vascular epiphytes was taken in each zonasing using milimeter block. The research showed there are five combinations, protalium with ferns, mosses with spermatophyte epiphytes, protalium with spermatophyte epiphytes, protalium with mosses and fern with mosses. Positive association with the highest value is 23.12, two combinations with negative association are lichen with mosses and spermatophyte epiphyte with lichens, three combinations that aren’t associated, protalium with lichens, ferns with lichens a","PeriodicalId":31088,"journal":{"name":"AlKauniyah Jurnal Biologi","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77543519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}