American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Biochar and Its Mixture with Cow Manure Compost on Phenology and Growth Performance of Saffron Under Field Conditions","authors":"N. Khan, A. H. Buriro, S. Gul, Sher Ahmad, M. Naseer, N. S. Naseer","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAF.20210904.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAF.20210904.14","url":null,"abstract":"Balochistan province of Pakistan has more than 50% area that comes under arid climatic conditions of dry summer and cold winters. Under these conditions different arid crops including saffron has great potential to introduce and scale-up. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) cultivation on test trials at PARC-BARDC, Quetta, Balochistan and in some of those areas by local farmers was found to be successful experience. As biochar is well-known to have influenced positively on the crop yield, this study evaluated the influence of the amendment of wood-derived biochar alone or with combination of cow manure compost in 1:1 ratio on the yield of saffron under field conditions of arid region of this province with cold winters and dry summers. The treatments were amendment of biochar at 0.34 t ha-1 and 0.68 t ha-1 rates and amendment of biochar-compost mixture at 1.37 t ha-1 and 2.7 t ha-1 rates. In this experiment, the saffron corms of uniform size (2-2.5 cm in diameter) were used. There were five treatments of biacharand experiment was laid out in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Results show that biochar-based organic amendments caused prolonged flowering period, increased flower: corm ratio by 33% -47% and increased yield of stigma by 10% - 27%. The highest stigma yield was achieved when biochar was mixed with composted manure at 2.7 t ha-1 rate.","PeriodicalId":310130,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115435240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Ill-health on Technical Efficiency of Food Crop Farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"Adewuyi Samuel Ayodele, Oladapo Adewale, Afolami Carolyn Afolake, Fabusoro Eniola, Oshati Titilola","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAF.20210904.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAF.20210904.13","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effect of ill-health on technical efficiency of food crop farmers in Ondo State, Nigeria. Primary data were obtained from 300 randomly selected food crop farmers using multistage sampling procedure. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). Findings revealed that respondents were still in their economic active age with mean age 46.5 years. Most (82.3%) of the farmers were male and 44.3% of the sampled farmers have primary education. Majority (70.0%) of the respondents had access to health care services out of which 50.7% had access to government maternity. 58.3 percentage of the respondents lost about 5 farming days due to illness of a member while majority (93.3%) of the farmers reported ill-health due to malaria, cold and catarrh. Farmers’ mean annual expenditure transportation to the nearest health care Centre and medication were ₦137.00 and ₦4,228.83 respectively. Mean technical efficiency was estimated to be 0.627 and the returns to scale computed as the sum of output elasticity for all inputs was estimated as 1.6506, indicating increasing return to scale. SFA showed that travel cost to health care centres (p<0.01) and cost of disease treatment (p<0.05) significantly decreased efficiency. The study concluded that cost of disease treatment decreased farmers’ efficiency. Therefore, government is encouraged to site health care facilities closer to farmers and ensure that the facilities are adequately equipped with modern medical equipment, drug and trained medical personnel. This should be accessible by farmers to improve efficiency.","PeriodicalId":310130,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123306851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment on Production, Processing and Marketing Status of Beeswax in Kafa Zone, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region (SNNPR), Ethiopia","authors":"Tesfu Shegaw, Tewabe Edimew","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAF.20210904.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAF.20210904.12","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in the three districts of Kafa Zone of Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region being; Chena, Gimbo and Gesha and three peasant associations (PAs) from each district. The main intention was to identify the production, processing and marketing status of beeswax. The districts were purposively selected based on their potential for honey and beeswax production and marketing. The survey data was collected from 239 selected beekeepers and key informants. According to the survey’s result, 94.98% of beekeepers do not practice any processing of honey and sale it in crude form. Only 24 (13%) of the respondents practicing collection of beeswax from old combs, ‘tej’ houses and discarded or broken combs while the majorities (87%) of them discarding it as a byproduct. Of those who were collecting beeswax, only 7 (29%) were processing it for selling to central markets and other local purposes such as foundation sheet making, smearing top bars and traditional candle/‘tuaf’ making. This implies the trends of collecting, processing and marketing of beeswax is at its very infant stages at beekeepers level. Whereas, local mead houses and cooperatives are considered the major actors engaged in processing and marketing of beeswax. According to personal observation during survey, local mead houses are the major sources where beeswax is readily available year round. However, the overall management practice of beeswax at this market segment is very poor.","PeriodicalId":310130,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"C-19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126772866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alleviative Effects of Zinc on Biomass Yield and Antioxidative Enzymes Activity in Leaves of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Under Salt Stress","authors":"S. Afrin, N. Akhtar, Tahmina Khanam, F. Hossain","doi":"10.11648/j.ajaf.20210903.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210903.18","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted to determine the interaction effects of zinc availability and salt stress in Bangladeshi soybean cultivar (cv. Shohag) whether zinc can alleviate the hazardous effects of salt stress or not. In this study, the plants are grown in zinc treated soil and also exposed to increasing (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mM NaCl) levels of salinity. The results showed that the dry weight of root, stem, leaves, petioles and total dry weight were significantly reduced by salinity. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, proline content were significantly affected by salt stress. Zinc supplementation helped the plants to cope with the salinity stress by improving the total dry weight. The antioxidant enzyme activities including catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and proline content increased in response to salinity. The extent of lipid peroxidation noticed in salt stressed plants. However, zinc application enhanced catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity as well as proline content in growing plants at different salt concentrations. The interaction between zinc and salinity significantly reduced lipid peroxidation. Application of zinc to salt-stressed plants ameliorates the salinity induced hazardous effects by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT and APX and Proline content.","PeriodicalId":310130,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122573772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aggressiveness of the Fungi Responsible for Pod Rot in Cropping Systems Based on Cocoa Trees (Theobroma cacao L.) in Cameroon","authors":"Ze Medjap Abel Second, Yaouba Aoudou, Bikomo Mbonomo Rene","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAF.20210903.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAF.20210903.19","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the Aggressiveness of the fungi responsible for pod rot in cropping systems based on cocoa trees (Theobroma Cacao L.), 3 cropping systems having cocoa trees were characterized: Cocoa trees associated with fruits and forest trees (S1), Cocoa trees associated with plantains and palm oil (S2) and associated cocoa trees with coffee trees (S3). 150 pods were collected per year for isolation and in-situ pathogenicity tests. Three culture media called V6-agar, V8-agar and Potato - Dextrose - Agar (PDA) were made for the in-vitro culture of fungi associated with pods. The test was conducted using a random split split plots arrangement with 9 replicates. As results obtained: of the 8 mushrooms which were isolated from the pods, only 3 are responsible for the burps. It is about Phytophthora megakarya, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Black pods disease caused by P. megakarya was the most aggressively from cocoa pods associated with fruits and forest trees at a decay rate of 5% during a dryng season and 55% during a rainy season. The lesion areas developed by P. megakarya ranged from 40 cm2 during a dryng season to 220 cm2 during a rainy season. Cropping system having cocoa trees associated with fruits and forest trees (S1) is the most vulnerable to the the Aggressiveness of the fungi responsible for pod rot.","PeriodicalId":310130,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116158970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Composition and Phosphate-Solubilizing Capability of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in the Rhizosphere of Wild Camellia oleifera in Mountain Lushan","authors":"Qibiao Sun, Yanfen Liu, Ya-Fang Tang, Pei-yu Zhang, Y. Tong, Gang He, X. Ji, Z. He, O. Jianping, Zhang Hongfang, C. Ye","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAF.20210903.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAF.20210903.17","url":null,"abstract":"Camellia oleifera, a unique edible oil tree species in China, is of important economic value. However, the shortage of phosphorus in the soil is one of the important factors limiting the growth of C. oleifera. Here, we investigated the population size and composition of culturable phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in the rhizosphere soil of wild C. oleifera in Mountain Lushan, China. PSB were isolated using a dilution coating plate method and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The phosphate-solubilizing capability of the isolated PSB was evaluated by a semi-quantitative method (the ratio of phosphate solubilization halo diameter versus colony diameter). The results showed that large amounts of PSB existed in the rhizosphere soil of wild C. oleifera (0.28–1.08×107 CFU/g soil) and the population size of PSB differed from investigated trees. A total of 100 strains of PSB were isolated from the rhizosphere soil, belonging to Bacillus, Burkholderia, Pantoea, Paraburkholderia, and Pseudomonas, respectively. Of these strains, Burkholderia showed the highest isolation frequency and phosphate-solubilizing capability, accounting for 61% of the isolates. The phosphate solubilization index of 100 strains varied from 1.02 to 3.04 after a 6-day incubation, and Bacillus strains were easy to lose their phosphate-solubilizing capability during the incubation. Our result suggested that Burkholderia was the dominant genus of PSB in the rhizosphere of C. oleifera and could be utilized for facilitating the uptake of P.","PeriodicalId":310130,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130317093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Alleyway and In-row Planted Groundcovers in Midwestern Vineyard","authors":"B. Loseke, P. Read, S. Gamet","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAF.20210903.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAF.20210903.16","url":null,"abstract":"In many Midwestern vineyards a one meter weed-free strip is maintained directly beneath the vines to reduce vine-weed competition. Conventionally, this strip has been conserved with repeated applications of herbicide, mainly glyphosate. The necessity for this weed-free strip to reduce vine-weed competition has been well documented in more arid climates. However, in areas with higher soil fertility and adequate rainfall grapevines can become overly vigorous and competition with a groundcover (GC) has been shown to be a useful tool to alleviate excess growth. Moreover, stand establishment and early vine growth have not been well documented when planting GC immediately following the vine planting. The main objective of this project was to assess the severity of competition for water between ‘Edelweiss’ grapevines and neighboring permanent GC treatments. In year one (2014), the vineyard and GCs were established, where the GCs were planted immediately after the vines. Generally, GC treatments had lower Midday Leaf Water Potential (Ψmd) than the herbicide sprayed control, however, none of the treatments exhibited even slight water stress between 2015 and 2017. Vine-GC competition was most apparent in the three years of pruning weights, where the most native grass GC treatment had an average of 158% lower weights than the control. Results suggest that planting specific groundcovers in both the alleyways and in-row areas of the vineyard during the first year of establishment can be overly detrimental to vine growth and causes reduced yields but other groundcovers can be a useful alternative to chemical weed control.","PeriodicalId":310130,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120967525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation and Growth Performance Evaluation of Nitrogen Fixing Tree/Shrub Species in Dello-menna District of Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia","authors":"Wondmagegn Bekele, Bikila Mengistu, H. Abebe, Zerihun Dibaba, Fikru Ameyu","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAF.20210903.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAF.20210903.15","url":null,"abstract":"Prior integration of any tree/shrub species in a given land use system there is always the need of undertaking a field trials for the adaptability and growth performance evaluation for particular environment. Study was designed and conducted to evaluate the adaptability potential and growth performance of six nitrogen fixing tree/shrub species in Dello-menna district of Bale zone, southeast Ethiopia. The considered species in the study are Cajanus cajan, Flemingya macrophylla, Gliricidia sepium, Sesbania sesban, Calliandra calothyrsus and Leucaena leucocephela. Seedlings were produced in a nursery site and transplanted to the experimental site. The experiment was laid out in RCBD design with three replications, and the management practices employed uniformly for each species throughout the stud period. In the study the necessary growth performance data parameters; plant height, root collar diameter and survival rate were measured and recorded. Thereafter, the data was analyzed by GenStat (15th ed) and Excel computerized programs. Results obtained showed that, these growth performance data parameters were significantly (p < 0.05) varied among the tested species. In this respect, Flemingya macrophylla, Sesbania sesban, Gliricidia sepium and Cajanus cajan attain the higher mean values in survival rate, plant height and root collar diameter. While Leucaena leucocephela and Calliandra calothyrsus attain the lowest mean values for the entire growth performance parameters. Hence, it can be inferred that the study site matched well with the environmental requirement of F. macrophylla, S. sesban, G. sepium and C. cajan. The species therefore offers much promise for future use in any of agroforestry practices in the area. However, evaluation of their contribution to soil fertility improvement and crop yield needs to be further investigated as this may insights to know their nutrient provision potential while integrated together with annual and/or perennial plants in agroforestry land use system.","PeriodicalId":310130,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124831904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soybean Meal Incorporation in Diet Improves the Growth and Survival Performances of Juveniles of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Rural Area of Senegal","authors":"Ly Mouhamadou Amadou, S. S. Modou, Ndiaye Nanthiely","doi":"10.11648/J.AJAF.20210903.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJAF.20210903.14","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate if the soybean meal incorporation in locally made diet will improves the growth and survival performances of fry of Nile tilapia in rural area of Senegal. A completely randomized design with four treatments of soybean meal incorporation (0, 15, 30 and 32%) was utilized in this study. The formulated diets had 35% crude protein content. The fingerlings were fed to satiation two times a day at 9 AM and 4 PM for 56 days. The analysis of variance showed final weight, specific growth rate and percent weight gain of fish increased significantly (P < 0.05) as soybean meal was added up to 30% level. The feed conversion ratio values were high and decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increase of soybean meal in the diet, ranging from 2.17 to 2.90. There was also a significant difference (P < 0.05) in survival among treatment, survival ranged from 62.22% to 91.11%. Except temperature, the water quality parameters were in the optimal range of O. niloticus. In conclusion, the result of this study shows that soybean meal can be added to up to 30% in the O. niloticus diet, without affecting growth performances.","PeriodicalId":310130,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128448770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Coefficient and Path Analyses of Yield and Yield Related Traits of Korean Double Haploid Rice for Germplasm Improvement in Nigeria","authors":"Salim Hassan Kafi, Efisue Andrew Abiodun, Olasanmi Bunmi, Kang Kyung-Ho","doi":"10.11648/j.ajaf.20210903.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210903.13","url":null,"abstract":"The success of plant breeding depends on the availability of genetic variation, knowledge about desired traits, and efficient selection strategies that make it possible to exploit existing genetic resource. This study was carried out at Africa Rice Center, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Ibadan, Nigeria, and 239 double haploid lines from Republic of Korea were established along with one of the rice mega varieties (FARO 44) as check. The experiment was conducted using Alpha lattice design with four blocks each planted with 60 entries in two replications. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) among the genotypes indicating existence of variation among the genotypes. Correlation coefficient of the yield and its association traits revealed significantly positive correlation of grain yield with number of tillers, plant height, days to 50% flowering, panicle length, effective tillers, leaf area, leaf area index, fertility, biomass, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle and grain yield per plant, hence, selection for these traits can improve yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that days to 50% flowering, leaf area index, fertility, biomass, panicle weight, number of grains per panicle and grain yield per plant exhibited positive direct effect on grain yield. Among all traits examined, panicle weight had the highest significant positive correlation and high positive direct effect. Stepwise regression showed that characters such as panicle weight, grain yield per plant, flag leaf, days to 50% flowering, effective tillers and 1000 grain weight contributed more to the total grain yield. Therefore, selections for the aforementioned characters will assist breeders in making good improvement in rice grain yield.","PeriodicalId":310130,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114329247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}