ImmunoTargets and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"The Age-Male-Albumin-Bilirubin-Platelets (aMAP) Risk Score Predicts Liver Metastasis Following Surgery for Breast Cancer in Chinese Population: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Li Chen, Qiang Liu, Chunlei Tan, Tiangen Wu, Meng Wu, Xiaosheng Tan, Jinwen Liu, Jing Wang","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S446545","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S446545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The current study is conducted to investigate the potential prognostic value of the age-male-albumin-bilirubin-platelets (aMAP) score in breast cancer patients with liver metastasis after surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of 178 breast cancer patients who developed liver metastasis after surgery. These patients were treated and followed up from 2000 to 2018 at our hospital. The aMAP risk score was estimated in accordance with the following formula: . The optimal cutoff value of the aMAP was evaluated via X-tile. Kaplan-Meier, Log-rank and Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to determine the clinical influence of the aMAP score on the survival outcomes. The nomogram models were established by multivariate analyses. The calibration curves and decision curve analysis were applied to evaluate the estimated performance of the nomogram models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 178 breast cancer patients were divided into low aMAP score group (<47.6) and high aMAP score group (≥47.6) via X-tile plots. The aMAP score was a potential prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. The median disease free survival (p=0.0013) and overall survival (p=0.0003) in low aMAP score group were longer than in high aMAP score group. The nomograms were constructed to predict the DFS with a C-index of 0.722 (95% CI, 0.673-0.771), and the OS with a C-index of 0.708 (95% CI, 0.661-0.755). The aMAP-based nomograms had good predictive performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The aMAP score is a potential prognostic factor in breast cancer with liver metastasis after surgery. The aMAP score-based nomograms were conducive to discriminate patients at high risks of liver metastasis and develop adjuvant treatment and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"75-94"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10861995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139730562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of CXC Chemokine Receptor 2 (CXCR2) as a Novel Eosinophils-Independent Diagnostic Biomarker of Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis by Integrated Bioinformatic and Machine-Learning Analysis.","authors":"Junhao Wu, Caihan Duan, Chaoqun Han, Xiaohua Hou","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S439289","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S439289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a complex allergic condition frequently accompanied by various atopic comorbidities in children, which significantly affects their life qualities. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate pivotal molecular markers that may facilitate the diagnosis of EoE in pediatric patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three available EoE-associated gene expression datasets in children: GSE184182, GSE 197702, GSE55794, along with GSE173895 were downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified by \"limma\" were intersected with key module genes identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the shared genes went through functional enrichment analysis. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the machine learning algorithms: least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF), and XGBoost were used to reveal candidate diagnostic markers for EoE. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed the efficacy of differential diagnosis of this marker, along with online databases predicting its molecular regulatory network. Finally, we performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and assessed immune cell infiltration of EoE/control samples by using the CIBERSORT algorithm. The correlations between the key diagnostic biomarker and immune cells were also investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intersection of 936 DEGs and 1446 key module genes in EoE generated 567 genes, which were primarily enriched in immune regulation. Following the construction of the PPI network and filtration by machine learning, CXCR2 served as a potential diagnostic biomarker of pediatric EoE with a perfect diagnostic efficacy (AUC = ~1.00) in regional tissue/peripheral whole blood samples. Multiple infiltrated immune cells were observed to participate in disrupting the homeostasis of esophageal epithelium to varying degrees.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The immune-correlated CXCR2 gene was proved to be a promising diagnostic indicator for EoE, and dysregulated regulatory T cells (Tregs)/neutrophils might play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of EoE in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"55-74"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10849108/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139703603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Dynamic Changes and Regulatory Mechanisms of T Cell Subsets in Sepsis Pathogenesis.","authors":"Chunhui Jiang, Jiani Chen, Tong Sun, Jiaqin Xu, Hongguo Zhu, Jiaxi Chen","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S448691","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S448691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The pathogenesis of T cell subsets in sepsis during the body's resistance to infection is currently unknown. We aimed to investigate the dynamics and molecular mechanisms of T cells during the development of sepsis.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Perform single-cell data analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) specimen samples from seven healthy controls, five early-stage sepsis patients, and four late sepsis patients, and the atlas were mapped and analyzed using reference mapping to identify the T cell subpopulations specific to early sepsis. Expression network upstream to investigate the changes of regulatory transcription factors and pathways by pySCENIC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-two CD4⁺ T-cell subpopulations and 10 CD8⁺ T-cell subpopulations were identified by mapping analysis. At the early stage of sepsis, we observed altered ratios of multiple immune cells in PBMCs. Three cell types CD4 Tn cells, CD8 (GZMK⁺ early Tem), and CD8 (ZNF683⁺CXCR6^- Tm) showed an upward trend (p < 0.05) in the early stages of sepsis compared to normal and returned to normal levels after two weeks. In addition, we found the presence of four sepsis-specific transcription factors (MXI1, CHD1, ARID5A, KLF9) in these three types of cells, which were validated in two external datasets. The differentially expressed genes in CD4 Tn cells, CD8 (GZMK⁺ early Tem), and CD8 (ZNF683⁺CXCR6^- Tm) cells between the healthy group and the early-stage sepsis group are commonly enriched in the allograft rejection pathway. In addition, it was found that CD8 cells exhibit a trend towards differentiation into CD8 Temra cells in sepsis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We successfully depicted the dynamic changes of T cell subsets during sepsis onset and progression, which provides important clues for an in-depth understanding of T cells' function and regulatory mechanisms during sepsis pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"29-44"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10844014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139698502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition Effect of Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in Pancreatic Cancer: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Qiankun Luo, Yifei Dong, Pan Liu, Chao He, Lei Chen, Kailun Zhang, Changjie Pan, Yahui Gao, Tao Qin","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S442247","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S442247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chemotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ChIM) is used to treat advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the efficacy of ChIM is similar to that of chemotherapy alone.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To assess potential factors affecting the effectiveness of ChIM, we analyzed the clinical data of 359 patients with PDAC who visited the hospital during June 2017 to December 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Surgical resection, diabetes, and ChIM were risk factors for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI). The adjusted odds ratio of ChIM was 2.63 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.492-4.626) (<i>P</i> = 0.001). The incidence of PEI in the ChIM group (76.9%) was significantly higher than that of the chemotherapy group (60.2%) (<i>P</i> = 0.004). Survival analysis showed that ChIM did not improve the survival rate of patients with PDAC (hazard ratio (HR) 0.92, 0.707-1.197) (<i>P</i> = 0.534) in comparison with that of the chemotherapy group. However, in patients without PEI, those receiving ChIM showed a higher 1-year overall survival (OS) rate of 70.8% (two-sided, <i>P</i> = 0.045) and a median OS of 22.0 months (95% CI 11.5-32.5). Moreover, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy significantly improved the OS of patients with PDAC (HR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.561-0.956) (<i>P</i> = 0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) increased the incidence of PEI in patients with PDAC. The OS was not different between patients receiving chemotherapy and ChIM due to irregular PERT treatment. The finding show that pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy may improve the response rate of patients with PDAC to ICIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"45-54"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10840537/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139693151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vivo Immunomodulatory Activities of Essential Oils of <i>Artemisia abyssinica</i> and <i>Lepidium sativum</i> in Mice.","authors":"Kassahun Dires Ayenew, Amare Ayalew, Yehualashet Teshome Wondmkun, Abate Wondesen Tsige, Addis Wolde, Yihenew Sewale, Gebremedhin Desta Belihu, Engidashet Fekade, Habtemariam Alekaw Habteweld","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S448317","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S448317","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ethiopians use <i>Artemisia abyssinica and Lepidium sativum</i> as immunity enhancers. However, there is no scientific validation conducted so far regarding this claim. The aim of this study was to investigate the in-vivo immunomodulatory activities of essential oils of <i>A. abyssinica and L. sativum</i> in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The extraction was carried out using the earlier techniques. By hydro distilling fresh seeds and aerial portions of <i>A. abyssinica</i> and <i>L. sativum</i>, respectively, essential oils were obtained. Essential oils of both plants were tested at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. The rate of carbon clearance, humoral antibody titer, delayed type hypersensitivity response, spleen and thymus indices were evaluated in mice according to scientific protocols. The carbon clearance assay was determined using carbon ink. Sheep red blood cell was used as an antigen for other tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Essential oils of <i>A. abyssinica</i> and <i>L. sativum</i> at 400 mg/kg significantly increased the rate of carbon clearance from the body of mice (<i>p</i><0.05). The maximum carbon clearance rate was achieved for <i>A. byssinica</i> essential oil at 400 mg/kg. Both essential oils raised the level of HAT to SRBC in comparison to the vehicle and cyclophosphamide administered groups. The largest (84.668±1.951) mean secondary HAT to SRBC was generated by <i>L. sativum</i> essential oil at 400 mg/kg (<i>p</i><0.001). <i>A. abyssinica</i> essential oil at 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly increased the level of thymus index compared to the model group (<i>p</i><0.05 and 0.01 respectively). The levamisole group experienced the highest increase in thymus index (<i>p</i><0.001). Essential oil of <i>L. sativum</i> at 400 mg/kg also increased the level of thymus index. The spleen index in mice was improved by the essential oils only at the highest dose levels (400 mg/kg).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It can be inferred that the essential oils of <i>L. sativum</i> and <i>A. abyssinica</i> have immunostimulant properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"15-27"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10823377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139576704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CD69 is a Promising Immunotherapy and Prognosis Prediction Target in Cancer","authors":"Yuchen Li, Yinfeng Gu, Pengyue Yang, Yan Wang, Xibao Yu, Yangqiu Li, Zhenyi Jin, Ling Xu","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S439969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ITT.S439969","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Immunotherapy utilizing T cells that attack tumors is a promising strategy for treatment, but immune suppressive T cell subsets, such as regulatory T cell (Treg), and immune checkpoint molecules, including programmed death-1 (PD-1), can suppress the intensity of a T cell immune reaction and thereby impair tumor clearance. Cluster of differentiation 69 (CD69), known as an early leukocyte activation marker, can be used as a measure or early marker of T cell activation. In recent years, the functions of CD69 in the regulation of Treg/Th17 (T helper cell 17) differentiation and in the tissue retention of T cells have attracted considerable interest. These functions are related to the role of CD69 in immune suppression in tumor environments (TME). In this review, we first summarized current perspectives in the biological function of CD69 and demonstrated that CD69 acts as a regulator of T cell activation, differentiation, retention, and exhaustion. Then, we discussed recent advances in understanding of CD69 deficiency and anti-CD69 antibody administration and shed light on the value of targeting on CD69 for cancer immunotherapy and prognosis prediction.","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"95 19","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NOTCH1 Mutations Predict Superior Outcomes of Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","authors":"Qingyuan Huang, Hang Cao, Q. Yao, Xiaoyan Zhou, Hang Li, Q. Bai, Hong Hu","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S433555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ITT.S433555","url":null,"abstract":"Background NOTCH1 is frequently mutated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and also is a poor therapeutic target. It is of clinical importance to investigate the effects of NOTCH1 mutations on anti-tumor immunity and response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Methods An observational study with targeted sequencing in 963 NSCLC patients at our center were performed (FUSCC cohort). Data of the Cancer Genome Atlas Pan-Lung Cancer study (TCGA cohort) were analyzed, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed. The Samstein et al cohort included 350 patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing genomic profiling with the MSK-IMPACT assay, and receiving at least one dose of ICB therapy. Results NOTCH1 mutations were more common in smokers and patients with squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) (all P value <0.05). For patients who did not receive ICB therapy (TCGA cohort), the overall survival (OS) of NOTCH1-mutant and -WT patients were comparable (log-rank P = 0.72), while for patients who received ICB therapy in the Samstein et al cohort, NOTCH1-mutant patients had significantly superior OS than WT patients (log-rank P = 0.041). On multivariate Cox analysis, the predictive value of NOTCH1 mutations reached marginal statistical significance (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.17–1.04; P = 0.059). The median of TMB for NOTCH1-mutant tumors was significantly higher than that for NOTCH1-WT tumors, and GSEA revealed that NOTCH1 mutations manifested various defects in the repair of DNA damage. NOTCH1-mutant tumors displayed an inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME), manifesting as increased PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Conclusion NOTCH1 mutations define a molecular subtype of NSCLC, which are more common in smokers and patients with SCC, are characterized with higher TMB, inflamed TME, and display improved survival of ICB therapy for NSCLC patients.","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"27 s78","pages":"165 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138623230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extended-Release Tofacitinib Therapy for a MDA5 Antibody-Positive Amyopathic Dermatomyositis Patient with Early-Stage Interstitial Lung Disease","authors":"Chrong-Reen Wang, Wei-Chieh Lin, T. Wong","doi":"10.2147/itt.s445971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/itt.s445971","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Cardiovascular Risk in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Considerations for the Clinician","authors":"Teresa Semalulu, Achieng Tago, Kevin Zhao, Konstantinos Tselios","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S377076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ITT.S377076","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A significant improvement in the survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) over recent decades is largely attributed to the impact of disease-modifying therapies on end-organ damage. Thus, cardiovascular disease now represents the leading cause of mortality in SLE. Various disease-specific mechanisms are responsible for advanced atherosclerosis, as they lead to premature endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, arterial wall thickening, and plaque formation. Consequently, in the assessment of cardiovascular risk in SLE, we must not only consider traditional risk factors (ie, age, gender, dyslipidemia) but also the additional role of non-traditional risk factors such as persistent disease activity and prolonged corticosteroid use. Cardiovascular risk assessment incorporates general cardiovascular screening, as existing risk prediction scores underestimate cardiovascular risk in this patient population. There is also an expanding role of imaging modalities in screening. Risk reduction strategies integrate unique considerations for the use of low-dose aspirin and more stringent hypertension targets. Hydroxychloroquine is the only disease-modifying therapy with known cardiovascular benefit in SLE, though this is a promising area of study.","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":" 11","pages":"175 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138615826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Methylation in <i>B7-H4</i> and <i>BTLA</i> Genes are Associated with the Risk of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.","authors":"Xue-Qian Cai, Qian Huang, Tian-Ping Zhang","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S434403","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S434403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The important roles of B7 homologous body 4 (<i>B7-H4</i>), B and T lymphocyte attenuator (<i>BTLA</i>) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) have been reported. This study aims to evaluate the association among <i>B7-H4</i> and <i>BTLA</i> genes polymorphism, methylation and PTB susceptibility.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Here, we assessed the possible relationship of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in <i>B7-H4, BTLA</i> genes with PTB susceptibility in a Chinese population (496 PTB patients and 502 controls) by SNPscan technique. Then, the <i>B7-H4, BTLA</i> genes methylation levels among 98 PTB patients and 97 controls were detected using MethylTarget technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study found no significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies of <i>B7-H4</i> gene rs10754339, rs10801935, rs10923223, rs1937956, rs3738414, <i>BTLA</i> gene rs1982809, rs2971205, rs75368388, rs9288953 variants between PTB patients and controls. Haplotype analysis suggested that the lower frequencies of <i>B7-H4</i> AATTG haplotype, <i>BTLA</i> GATT haplotype and the higher frequency of <i>BTLA</i> AGTC haplotype were found in PTB patients when compared with controls. We also found that the frequency of <i>BTLA</i> gene rs9288953 C allele was significantly increased in PTB patients with drug resistance. Moreover, the methylation levels of <i>B7-H4</i> and <i>BTLA</i> genes in PTB patients were greater than that in controls, and rs10754339 variant in <i>B7-H4</i> gene could affect its methylation level in PTB patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>B7-H4, BTLA</i> genes polymorphism might not affect PTB susceptibility, while the abnormal methylation levels of <i>B7-H4, BTLA</i> genes were associated with the genetic background of PTB.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"12 ","pages":"149-163"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10683667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138463017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}