ImmunoTargets and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Addition of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Showed Better Efficacy for Infiltrative Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy and Lenvatinib: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.","authors":"Wei Wang, Ruixia Li, Hui Li, Murong Wang, Juncheng Wang, Xiaohui Wang, Qunfang Zhou","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S470797","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S470797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The prognosis of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is dismal. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) plus Lenvatinib (Len) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) have shown promising results for HCC. However, this three combination therapy on infiltrative HCC is unknown. In this study, we compared HAIC plus lenvatinib (Len) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor with HAIC plus Len for infiltrative HCC.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This multi-center cohort study included patients with infiltrative HCC who received HAIC combined with Len (HAIC+Len group, n = 173) or HAIC combined with Len and PD-1 inhibitor (HAIC+Len+ICI group, n = 128) as the first-line treatment from January 2019 to December 2021. To balance any intergroup differences, one-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was applied. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After PSM, the median OS was 14.1 ± 1.0 and 16.1 ± 1.4 months in the HAIC+Len and HAIC+Len+ICI groups, respectively. The median PFS was 4.6 ± 0.4 months in the HAIC+Len group and 7.5 ± 0.8 months in the HAIC+Len+ICI group. The HAIC+Len+ICI group showed significantly better OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.49-0.90; <i>P</i> = 0.008) and PFS (HR, 0.53; 95% confident index [CI], 0.40-0.70; <i>P</i> < 0.001) compared with the HAIC+Len group. Subgroup analysis revealed that for OS in HCC without metastasis, the addition of PD-1 inhibitor was not significant (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.43-1.07; <i>P</i> = 0.091). No difference was observed in OS between low (2-3 cycles) and high (4-6 cycles) level of HAIC cycles (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.67-1.44; <i>P</i> = 0.938).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The HAIC+Len+ICI group had a longer PFS and OS compared with the HAIC+Len group, demonstrating an acceptable safety profile. This triple combination strategy may be an alternative treatment for infiltrative HCC management.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"399-412"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11342945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Assessment, Treatment, and Monitoring of Adults with Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Strategies to Improve Outcomes.","authors":"Pierfrancesco Visaggi, Matteo Ghisa, Edoardo Vespa, Alberto Barchi, Amir Mari, Andrea Pasta, Elisa Marabotto, Nicola de Bortoli, Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S276869","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S276869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic type 2 inflammation-mediated disease characterized by an eosinophil-predominant inflammation of the esophagus and symptoms of esophageal dysfunction. Relevant treatment outcomes in the setting of EoE include the improvement of histology, symptoms, and endoscopy findings, quality of life (QoL), and the psychological burden of the disease. Established validated tools for the assessment of EoE include questionnaires on dysphagia and QoL (ie, DSQ, EEsAI, and EoE-IQ). More recently, esophageal symptom-specific anxiety and hypervigilance, assessed using the esophageal hypervigilance and anxiety scale (EHAS), have emerged as contributors to disease burden, confirming the importance of psychological aspects in EoE patients. The EoE endoscopic reference score (EREFS) is the only validated endoscopy score in EoE and can quantify mucosal disease burden. However, esophageal panometry using the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) and high-resolution manometry (HRM) have shown potential to optimize the assessment of fibrostenotic features of EoE, providing novel insights into the pathophysiology of symptoms. There is a growing number of licenced and off-label therapeutic options in EoE, with various randomized controlled trials demonstrating the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors, topical steroids, food elimination diets, biological drugs, and esophageal dilatation. However, standardized optimal management strategies of EoE are currently lacking. In this review, we provide an overview of established and novel assessment tools in EoE including patient reported outcomes, FLIP panometry, HRM, endoscopy, and histology outcome measures to improve the outcomes of EoE patients. In addition, we summarize available therapeutic options for EoE based on the most recent evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"367-383"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11283784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141789312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report of Pathologically Complete Response of a Huge Lymph Node Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer After Treatment with Intratumoral Oncolytic Virus H101 and Capecitabine.","authors":"Yaqin Wang, Tianxiao Wang, Yuewei Zhang","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S470018","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S470018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unresectable recurrent lymph node metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is considered as an incurable disease clinically and has a very poor prognosis. Here, we report a male KRAS wild-type CRC case with a huge abdominal lymph node metastasis (12 cm in diameter) after CRC surgery. After three intratumoral injections of oncolytic virus (H101) combined with four cycles of low-dose oral capecitabine, the size of the metastatic lymph node shrank remarkably in response to the anticancer drug and a complete response (CR) was achieved with progression-free survival (PFS) of 19 months. The main adverse reaction was mild fever, which was relieved after physical cooling. The patient is in a general good condition now without any relapse of abdominal lymph node for over a year. On this basis, we propose that the combination therapy of oncolytic virus and capecitabine could be a promising clinical therapeutic strategy for unresectable recurrent lymph node metastasis in CRC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"343-348"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11230130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Biofilms: Immune Responses, Role in TB Pathology, and Potential Treatment.","authors":"Muluneh Assefa, Getu Girmay","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S455744","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S455744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem worldwide, and the burden of drug-resistant TB is rapidly increasing. Although there are literatures about the <i>Mtb</i> biofilms, their impact on immune responses has not yet been summarized. This review article provides recent knowledge on <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>Mtb</i>) biofilm-immunity interactions, their importance in pulmonary TB pathology, and immune-based therapy targeting <i>Mtb</i> biofilms. Pellicle/biofilm formation in <i>Mtb</i> contributes to drug resistance, persistence, chronicity, surface attachment, transfer of resistance genes, and modulation of the immune response, including reduced complement activation, changes in the expression of antigenic proteins, enhanced activation of T-lymphocytes, elevated local IFNγ+ T cells, and strong antibody production. The combination of anti-TB drugs and anti-biofilm agents has recently become an effective strategy to improve TB treatment. Additionally, immune-targeted therapy and biofilm-based vaccines are crucial for TB prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"335-342"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11227863/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity Against Medulloblastoma in vitro and in vivo: Implications for Immunotherapy.","authors":"Melanie Gauthier, Julien Pierson, David Moulin, Manon Mouginot, Valerie Bourguignon, Wassim Rhalloussi, Jean-Baptiste Vincourt, Dominique Dumas, Danièle Bensoussan, Pascal Chastagner, Cédric Boura, Veronique Decot","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S458278","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S458278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most prevalent paediatric brain tumour. Despite improvements in patient survival with current treatment strategies, the quality of life of these patients remains poor owing to the sequelae and relapse risk. An alternative, or, in addition to the current standard treatment, could be considered immunotherapy, such as Natural Killer cells (NK). NK cells are cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells that play a major role in cancer immunosurveillance. To date, the mechanism of cytotoxicity of NK cells, especially regarding the steps of adhesion, conjugation, cytotoxic granule polarisation in the cell contact area, perforin and granzyme release in two and three dimensions, and therapeutic efficacy in vivo have not been precisely described.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Each step of NK cytotoxicity against the three MB cell lines was explored using confocal microscopy for conjugation, Elispot for degranulation, flow cytometry, and luminescence assays for target cell necrosis and lysis and mediators released by cytokine array, and then confirmed in a 3D spheroid model. Medulloblastoma-xenografted mice were treated with NK cells. Their persistence was evaluated by flow cytometry, and their efficacy in tumour growth and survival was determined. In addition, their effects on the tumour transcriptome were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NK cells showed variable affinities for conjugation with MB target cells depending on their subgroup and cytokine activation. Chemokines secreted during NK and MB cell co-culture are mainly associated with angiogenesis and immune cell recruitment. NK cell cytotoxicity induces MB cell death in both 2D and 3D co-culture models. NK cells initiated an inflammatory response in a human MB murine model by modulating the MB cell transcriptome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study confirmed that NK cells possess both in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activity against MB cells and are of interest for the development of immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"319-333"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11214763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival Benefit of Synchronous Lenvatinib Combined PD-1 Inhibitors for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Beyond Oligometastasis.","authors":"Kaiwu Xu, Cailing Xiang, Zhige Yu, Jia Li, Changjun Liu","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S458700","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S458700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Strategies therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond oligometastasis are limited. The optimal sequence of systemic treatment for advanced HCC is not yet clear. Our study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of simultaneous lenvatinib combined PD-1 inhibitor on advanced HCC beyond oligometastasis.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>A total of 232 patients were enrolled in our retrospective study. Patients divided into three groups. (a) Lenvatinib plus simultaneous PD-1 inhibitor (Simultaneous group, n=58); (b) patients received PD-1 inhibitor before the tumor progression with continued lenvatinib administration (Before PD group, n=77); (c) patients received PD-1 inhibitor after the tumor progression (After PD group, n=97). To analyze overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) among the three groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The estimated 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-mon OS for Simultaneous group patients were 100%, 93.1%, 63.4%, 48.3%, whereas the OS rates were 100%, 78%, 36.3%, 23.6% in Before PD group, and 99%, 61.2%, 22.1%, 7.5% in After PD group. The OS rates were obviously improved with the use of simultaneous PD-1 inhibitor among the three groups (<i>P</i> <0.001). The estimated 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month PFS rates for patients were 89.6%, 44.8%, 24.6%, 6% in After PD group, 90.9%, 59.7%, 27.3%, 12.4% in Before PD group and 98.3%, 81%, 51.7%, 39.7% in Simultaneous group, respectively. PFS rate was significantly different among the three groups (<i>P</i> <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Synchronous administration of lenvatinib and PD-1 inhibitors improved survival rate significantly. The synchronous combination could represent a promising strategy in HCC beyond oligometastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"305-317"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11192195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141443431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the Understanding of the Correlation Between Neuroinflammation and Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Huiying Yan, Wei Wang, Tingting Cui, Yanxin Shao, Mingquan Li, Limei Fang, Lina Feng","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S455881","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S455881","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a subtle and progressive onset and is the most common type of dementia. However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. The common pathological manifestations of AD include extraneuronal β-amyloid deposition (Aβ), intraneuronal tau protein phosphorylation leading to the formation of 'neurofibrillary tangles' (NFTs), neuroinflammation, progressive loss of brain neurons/synapses, and glucose metabolism disorders. Current treatment approaches for AD primarily focus on the 'Aβ cascade hypothesis and abnormal aggregation of hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins', but have shown limited efficacy. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to identify more effective treatment targets for AD. The central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response plays a key role in the occurrence and development of AD. Neuroinflammation is an immune response activated by glial cells in the CNS that usually occurs in response to stimuli such as nerve injury, infection and toxins or in response to autoimmunity. Neuroinflammation ranks as the third most prominent pathological feature in AD, following Aβ and NFTs. In recent years, the focus on the role of neuroinflammation and microglia in AD has increased due to the advancements in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and sequencing technology. Furthermore, research has validated the pivotal role of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in the progression of AD. Therefore, this article reviews the latest research progress on the role of neuroinflammation triggered by microglia in AD in recent years, aiming to provide a new theoretical basis for further exploring the role of neuroinflammation in the process of AD occurrence and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"287-304"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11180466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendelian Randomization Analysis of Circulating Cytokines and Risk of Autoimmune Neuroinflammatory Diseases.","authors":"Sha-Sha Tao, Fan Cao, Ruo-Di Zhang, Shu-Zhen Xu, Xiao-Xiao Li, Jian Tang, Xiao-Ke Yang, Hai-Feng Pan","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S456326","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S456326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cytokines act a vital role in autoimmune neuroinflammatory diseases (ANDs) with undetermined causal relationships. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to estimate the causal effects of circulating levels of cytokines on the risk of ANDs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The causal relationship between 34 circulating cytokines and 4 kinds of ANDs, including multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NOM), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and myasthenia gravis (MG) were explored using four methods of MR analysis. MR-PRESSO, MR-Egger regression methods and Cochran's Q statistic were utilized to identify the instrumental variables (IVs) with potential pleiotropy and heterogeneity. The Bonferroni correction was used for multiple group comparisons. <i>P</i>-value less than 3.68E-04 (0.05/ (34*4)) was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Negative causal effects of circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-8 (OR = 0.648, 95% CI: 0.494-0.851, <i>P</i> = 0.002) on risk of MS, chemokine (C-C Motif) ligand (CCL)-5 (OR = 0.295, 95% CI: 0.103-0.841, <i>P</i> = 0.022) and stem cell growth factor-beta (SCGF-β) (OR = 0.745, 95% CI: 0.565-0.984, <i>P</i> = 0.038) on risk of CIDP, as well as positive causal effects of circulating levels of IL-2 receptor α (IL-2Rα) (OR = 1.216, 95% CI: 1.120-1.320, <i>P</i> = 3.20E-06) and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)-10 (OR = 1.404, 95% CI: 1.094-1.803, <i>P</i> = 0.008) on MS were observed. Nevertheless, only IL-2Rα still had a causal effect on MS after Bonferroni correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results identify a genetically predicted causal effect of IL-2Rα, IL-8 and CXCL-10 on MS, CCL-5 and SCGF-β on CIDP.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"273-286"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11178096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Extracorporeal Photopheresis in the Management of Graft Versus Host Disease: Narrative Review.","authors":"Ayenew Berhan, Shewaneh Damtie, Andargachew Almaw, Biruk Legesse, Bekele Sharew, Birhanu Getie, Mulat Erkihun, Yenealem Solomon","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S457366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/ITT.S457366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematopoietic stem cell donation is a method used to treat both blood-related and non-blood-related malignancies. Graft-versus-host disease is a potentially life-threatening complication that can occur following a stem cell transplant from a donor. This happens after the transplanted grafts attack the recipient's body as foreign cells, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Clinically, this condition can be classified as acute or chronic based on onset and pathophysiology. This review aims to provide an overview of recent studies on extracorporeal photopheresis as a treatment strategy option for graft-versus-host-diseased patients. It will explain how it treats graft-versus-host disease, summarize its promising effects, and provide future recommendations for its use in treating this illness. Extracorporeal photopheresis is used to treat graft-versus-host disease by collecting and separating white blood cells from the patient. This blood is fractionated into different parts, and white blood cells undergo treatment with 8-methoxy psoralen, a photoactivable drug, before exposure to ultraviolet light A. Lastly, the cells that have been treated are reinfused into the recipient's body. It prompts the programmed cell death of lymphocytes and the engulfment of cellular debris by host antigen-presenting, leading to a subsequent rise in T regulatory cells. However, more experimental and randomized controlled studies are required to identify the best patient selection requirements, environments, and treatment regimens for graft-versus-host disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"235-246"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11060171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thymic NK-Cells and Their Potential in Cancer Immunotherapy.","authors":"Caitlyn Forbes, Stefan Nierkens, Annelisa M Cornel","doi":"10.2147/ITT.S441639","DOIUrl":"10.2147/ITT.S441639","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural killer (NK)-cells are innate immune cells with potent anti-tumor capacity, capable of recognizing target cells without prior exposure. For this reason, NK-cells are recognized as a useful source of cell therapy. Although most NK-cells are derived from the bone marrow (BM), a separate developmental pathway in the thymus also exists, producing so-called thymic NK-cells. Unlike conventional NK-cells, thymic NK (tNK)-cells have a combined capacity for cytokine production and a natural ability to kill tumor cells in the presence of NK-cell receptor stimulatory ligands. Furthermore, tNK-cells are reported to express CD3 subunits intracellularly, without the presence of a rearranged T-cell receptor (TCR). This unique feature may enable harnessing of these cells with a TCR to combine NK- and T-cell effector properties in one cell type. The development, phenotype, and function of tNK-cells, and potential as a cell therapy is, however, poorly explored. In this review, we provide an overview of current literature on both murine and human tNK-cells in comparison to conventional BM-derived NK-cells, and discuss the potential applications of this cellular subset in the context of cancer immunotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":30986,"journal":{"name":"ImmunoTargets and Therapy","volume":"13 ","pages":"183-194"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10979679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140337069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}