Forensic Anthropology最新文献_第5页

Review of What Remains: Bringing America's Missing Home from the Vietnam War 回顾剩下的:把美国人从越南战争中带回家

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-03-18 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2020.0016

William R. Belcher

引用次数: 0

Introduction to the Forensic Anthropology Special Issue on Diversity and Inclusion 法医学人类学专题多元性与包容性导论

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2021.0023

A. Winburn, P. Stubblefield, S. Antón

引用次数: 3

Migrants by Sea 海上移民

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2019.0040

Amanda N. Friend

{"title":"Migrants by Sea","authors":"Amanda N. Friend","doi":"10.5744/fa.2019.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2019.0040","url":null,"abstract":"Undocumented migration to the United States often occurs through large bodies of water such as the Rio Grande River or the waters surrounding Florida. Crossing these aqueous borders is dangerous and results in fatalities. Currently, literature on undocumented border crosser (UBC) fatalities has focused on the Southwest. This study involved the creation of a Florida-border migrant profile to retrospectively screen decedents and begin establishing a migrant decedent population for the eastern border of the United States. An expected Florida-border migrant profile was constructed using biological, geographic, taphonomic, and material culture data based on the UBC and Florida migration literature. This profile was then used to screen cases from the five southernmost Floridian medical examiner districts that had been processed at the University of Florida C.A. Pound Human Identification Laboratory from 1972 to 2019, using a two-tiered protocol. Of 577 total cases, 25 cases passed both screenings as potential Florida-border migrants. The demographics were skewed toward adult males of African ancestry. This method illustrates how a successive screening approach can assist the medicolegal community in identifying potential migrants both retrospectively and moving forward, even in regions where the migrant source population also contributes to the local forensic population. The results of this analysis demonstrate the complexity of the challenge faced by forensic anthropologists and medicolegal personnel investigating forensic cases including migrants in the Miami border sector and that even a limited sample can illustrate the differences between Florida migrants and those recovered in other regions.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116234568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Review of: Ancestry and Sex in Human Crania: A Comparative Photographic Atlas 回顾:人类头盖骨的祖先和性别:一个比较的摄影地图集

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-03-07 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2021.0031

Timothy P. Gocha

引用次数: 0

Using Real Interpretative Differences to Assess Inter-laboratory Isotopic Variability Due to Sample Preparation 利用真实解释差异评估样品制备引起的实验室间同位素变异

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2020.0045

Amelia Edwards, L. Chesson, E. Bartelink, Thuan H Chau, Gregory E. Berg

{"title":"Using Real Interpretative Differences to Assess Inter-laboratory Isotopic Variability Due to Sample Preparation","authors":"Amelia Edwards, L. Chesson, E. Bartelink, Thuan H Chau, Gregory E. Berg","doi":"10.5744/fa.2020.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2020.0045","url":null,"abstract":"Here we present a two-part study to assess isotope data comparability between two sample preparation laboratories, based on the concept of Real Interpretative Differences (RID). Inter-laboratory isotopic variability should be evaluated prior to compiling data from different sources. Isotopic variability can result from two main causes: sample preparation and sample analysis. We compared the carbon and nitrogen isotope delta (δ) values of 20 modern human bone collagen sample pairs—representing seven individuals from diverse backgrounds—thatwere prepared close in time at two laboratories and then analyzed at one facility. From this study, values for RID of preparation, or RIDprep, were calculated for bone collagen as 0.43‰ and 0.75‰ for δ13C values and δ15N values, respectively. These RIDprep values were tested using a set of 30 bone collagen sample pairs—representing 30 modern individuals—that were first prepared over a span of five years (2014–2019) at one laboratory; they were prepared again at the second laboratory in 2019. While the differences in isotope δ values between the paired samples in the second study were statistically significant, they did not exceed the calculated RIDprep values for either carbon (30 comparisons) or nitrogen (30 comparisons)—with the exception of one carbon difference in a single paired bone sample. The inherent error rate in combining the isotope test results was thus calculated as 1.7%. This study demonstrated that the isotope data generated from human bone collagen prepared at one laboratory can be reliably compared to data generated from samples prepared at the other laboratory.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124808213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Refined Classification System for Thermally Damaged Human Remains by Body Segment 基于人体部位的热损伤遗骸精细分类系统

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-02-08 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2021.0008

Chelsey A Juarez, Elayne Pope, A. Galloway

引用次数: 2

Childhood and Adulthood Residency Prediction Using Strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and Oxygen (δ18O) Isotopes for Unidentified Deceased Migrants Recovered in Southern Texas 利用锶(87Sr/86Sr)和氧(δ18O)同位素预测德克萨斯州南部发现的不明死亡移民的童年和成年居住状态

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2020.0054

R. Kramer, E. Bartelink

{"title":"Childhood and Adulthood Residency Prediction Using Strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and Oxygen (δ18O) Isotopes for Unidentified Deceased Migrants Recovered in Southern Texas","authors":"R. Kramer, E. Bartelink","doi":"10.5744/fa.2020.0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2020.0054","url":null,"abstract":"Strontium and oxygen isotope values are used in conjunction with a maximum likelihood assignment model to predict the childhood and adulthood geographic residences of 20 deceased migrants recovered along the México-U.S. border in south Texas. The objectives of this research are to determine (1) if the childhood and adulthood residency assignments predict the same geographic region, (2) if using the predicted residential history/nationality as a filter on the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs) reduces the number of potential matching missing person reports, and (3) if we should target teeth or bone as the optimal hard tissue to sample. We found that 12 of the 20 cases (60%) predict similar regions of residency using isotopes derived from bone bioapatite (adulthood residency) and tooth bioapatite (childhood residency). When predicted residential history/nationality data were used as a filter in NamUs, there was a significant reduction in the mean number of case searches (mean = 1568.5 ± 505.3 [1 SD] vs. 107.9 ± 142.6 [1 SD]; t = 12.441, df = 22, p < 0.001, unequal variances assumed). These results demonstrate the utility of isotope data for narrowing down the region of origin and in turn the number of missing persons records to review. Finally, we recommend that death investigators at minimum collect dental samples (premolars or molars) for future unidentified migrant cases to aid in identification efforts utilizing isotope analytical methods. Bone bioapatite samples can provide more recent residential history information but should be used in conjunction with tooth enamel data.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133089386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Steam Kettle Skeletal Preparation 蒸汽釜骨架制备

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2021.0016

Kerianne Armelli, Erica R. Christensen, Carolyn V. Isaac, Jered B. Cornelison

引用次数: 0

Evaluating Graduate Student Diversity in Forensic Anthropology 评估法医人类学研究生的多样性

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2020.0025

E. Erhart, K. Spradley

{"title":"Evaluating Graduate Student Diversity in Forensic Anthropology","authors":"E. Erhart, K. Spradley","doi":"10.5744/fa.2020.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2020.0025","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we explore why graduate programs with a focus in forensic anthropology typically lack racial and ethnic diversity. Specifically, we ask how application and enrollment data from our MA anthropology program at Texas State University, a Hispanic-serving institution (HSI), compare to census data and national data sets. We further compare diversity in 2020 applications in the Texas State MA anthropology program to the programs at California State University, Chico, which is also an HSI, and at the University of Tennessee–Knoxville, which has multiple forensic anthropology faculty and a highly regarded forensic anthropology research center but is not an HSI. Our program had a greater percentage of White students and fewer underrepresented minority (URM) students compared to U.S. population data. However, compared to a nationwide 2007–2008 survey of anthropology MA programs, our program had a higher percentage of enrolled URM students, especially Hispanic students, and fewer White students. Our program also reached parity with 2017 data on nationally awarded anthropology MA degrees. In terms of race and ethnicity in 2020 application data, the HSIs (Texas State University and California State University, Chico), were similar to each other. Finally, we found that the majority of students who applied to and enrolled in our program wanted to study forensic anthropology, including the majority of URM students. We suggest that many factors contribute to graduate student diversity, including state demographics and university strategic plans that strive for a welcoming campus environment. Our study serves as a starting point to assess general trends in graduate student diversity within forensic anthropology programs.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131842069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Reassessment of Assessing Race 重新评估评估种族

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2022-01-04 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2021.0026

H. Edgar, M. Pilloud

{"title":"Reassessment of Assessing Race","authors":"H. Edgar, M. Pilloud","doi":"10.5744/fa.2021.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2021.0026","url":null,"abstract":"The articles in this special issue grew from a symposium at the 2020 American Academy of Forensic Sciences Annual Scientific meeting, with the same title as this introduction. The symposium focused on current research and practice of ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology. The symposium concluded with a discussion of the value (or lack thereof) of ancestry estimation as a standard component of the forensic anthropological biological profile. The articles constituting this volume address these questions: What is the current state of race/ancestry estimation in practice? What terminology should we use to describe patterned variation among human populations? How do we sample contemporary populations, and how long are studies built on such samples applicable? What role does genomic data play? Should race/ancestry remain a core component of the biological profile? Further, the issue includes an examination of ancestry estimation in teaching and community outreach. While fine points are still up for debate among these authors, there is general agreement that any future of ancestry estimation must be based in cultural context and evolutionary theory, be sensitive to the importance of terminology employed, and be iteratively reflexive about the relative costs and benefits of this work.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126819154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0