Forensic Anthropology最新文献

Dental Anthropology and Its Role in Forensic Anthropology 牙科人类学及其在法医人类学中的作用

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0023

M. Pilloud, Christopher Aris, Emily Smith

引用次数: 0

Stephen David Ousley (1961-2022) 斯蒂芬-大卫-奥斯利（1961-2022）

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0028

Josef Hefner, Deborah Ousley Barrett, Wesley Ousley, Gudrun Richter

引用次数: 0

Photogrammetric Point-Cloud Replicability When Documenting Forensic Archaeological Scenes under Variable Lighting Conditions 在不同光照条件下记录法医考古场景时的摄影测量点云复制能力

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2024-01-20 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0021

Morgan Ferrell, John J. Schultz, Caroline C. Jasiak

{"title":"Photogrammetric Point-Cloud Replicability When Documenting Forensic Archaeological Scenes under Variable Lighting Conditions","authors":"Morgan Ferrell, John J. Schultz, Caroline C. Jasiak","doi":"10.5744/fa.2023.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2023.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic archaeological scenes involving human skeletal remains in wooded environments can be challenging to documentutilizing close-range photogrammetry (CRP) due to the complex nature of outdoor scenes. Previous research has demonstrated that changinglighting conditions can negatively affect three-dimensional (3D) model quality. The purpose of this research was therefore to test theimpact of variable lighting on the replicability of 3D point clouds using CRP in a wooded environment. One scattered scene was createdusing a composite human skeleton and several clothing items. The scene was photographed three times during one day to capture changinglighting conditions: at 9:45 am (Model 1), at noon (Model 2), and at 2 pm (Model 3). Photographs were collected freehand from multipleview angles using a Sony α7 III camera with a fixed wide-anglelens, and the models were processed using Agisoft Metashape Professional.All three models achieved a total scale bar error of less than 1 mm and therefore met the accepted standards for crime scene mappingbest practices. The dense point clouds were then analyzed using CloudCompare to assess point-cloud replicability between modelpairs. The Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2) tool was used to calculate signed distances between point-cloud pairs.Also, histograms that display these point-to-pointdeviations were generated for each comparison, and a Gaussian distribution was fittedto each histogram. Deviations between point clouds were minimal, indicating that CRP-generated point clouds are replicable under changinglighting conditions, as well as other environmental variables, such as mild wind conditions and complex ground surfaces. Thus, it isrecommended that forensic archaeologists incorporate CRP into their documentation protocol.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"11 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139523731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolving Role of Forensic Anthropologists in Medical Examiner Offices 法医人类学家在法医办公室中不断演变的角色

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-12-18 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0013

Julie Fleischman, Jennifer Vollner, Bradley Adams, Christian Matthew Crowder, Deborrah Pinto, Miriam Soto Martinez, Christopher Rainwater, Caitlin Vogelsberg, Jason Wiersema

{"title":"Evolving Role of Forensic Anthropologists in Medical Examiner Offices","authors":"Julie Fleischman, Jennifer Vollner, Bradley Adams, Christian Matthew Crowder, Deborrah Pinto, Miriam Soto Martinez, Christopher Rainwater, Caitlin Vogelsberg, Jason Wiersema","doi":"10.5744/fa.2023.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2023.0013","url":null,"abstract":"The discipline of forensic anthropology has evolved dramatically during its relatively short history, as has the role of forensic anthropologists, both of which are well documented in various publications (e.g., Christensen et al. 2019; Dirkmaat & Cabo 2012; Işcan 1988; Ubelaker 2018). The presence and role of forensic anthropologists specifically working in medical examiner or coroner (ME/C) offices in the United States have also been emphasized in recent literature and presentations (e.g., Austin & Fulginiti 2008; Crowder et al. 2016; Derrick & Figura 2016; Fleischman et al. 2013; Rainwater et al. 2012; Sledzik et al. 2007; Waxenbaum & Grauer 2022). The goal of this article is to provide an update to this aforementioned literature as we reflect on 50 years as a discipline. This article will discuss (1) the evolution and expansion of the roles and responsibilities of forensic anthropologists in ME/C contexts, (2) the importance of laboratory accreditation and professional certification, and (3) the disciplinary advances and progress that will benefit current professionals and the next generation of forensic anthropologists.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"64 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139176204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Daubert and the Effect on Biological Profile Research 多伯特和对生物特征研究的影响

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0012

Kate M Lesciotto

{"title":"Daubert and the Effect on Biological Profile Research","authors":"Kate M Lesciotto","doi":"10.5744/fa.2023.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2023.0012","url":null,"abstract":"As a core component of casework, methods for estimating the biological profile must meet current legal standards to be admissible as part of a forensic anthropologist’s expert witness testimony. Since the 1993 US Supreme Court Daubert decision, forensic anthropologists have voiced concern that methods relying on subjective or qualitative data might now be at risk of judicial exclusion. This research used a bibliometric approach to assess whether current forensic anthropology research has shifted toward the use of more objective and/or quantitative data. Forensic anthropology articles published in the Journal of Forensic Sciences between 1972 and 2020 were reviewed (n = 1,142), with data collected on each article’s topic, use of different data types, and inclusion of observer error studies. A subset of articles focusing on methods for estimating the four main parameters of the biological profile (age, sex, ancestry/population affinity, stature) was analyzed using chi-square tests for trend in proportions. Age and sex estimation articles showed a significant shift toward more quantitative data (p < 0.001), although no biological profile subtopic showed a significant shift toward more objective data. While this may seem to be a surprising result, a deeper review of current legal standards and standards of practice suggests that Daubert does not require significant changes to how forensic anthropologists approach research design and method development. So long as the principles of good science are followed, the continued reliance on qualitative data should not be a concern from the standpoint of evidentiary admissibility.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139208300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pioneers of Color 彩色先锋

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0017

Matthew C. Go, Isis Dwyer, Tisa N. Loewen, Nandar Yukyi, Chaunesey M. J. Clemmons, Sydney S. Garcia, Kamar Afra, Fatimah A. Bouderdaben, Alba Craig, Isabel S. Melhado, Tanya Ramos, Ivanna Robledo, Evonne Turner-Byfield, Aaron J. Young, Jessica K. Juarez, Elaine Y. Chu, An-Di Yim, Allison Nesbitt, Jesse R. Goliath

{"title":"Pioneers of Color","authors":"Matthew C. Go, Isis Dwyer, Tisa N. Loewen, Nandar Yukyi, Chaunesey M. J. Clemmons, Sydney S. Garcia, Kamar Afra, Fatimah A. Bouderdaben, Alba Craig, Isabel S. Melhado, Tanya Ramos, Ivanna Robledo, Evonne Turner-Byfield, Aaron J. Young, Jessica K. Juarez, Elaine Y. Chu, An-Di Yim, Allison Nesbitt, Jesse R. Goliath","doi":"10.5744/fa.2023.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2023.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Popular renditions on the history of forensic anthropology have traced the discipline’s roots back to early European anatomy and nineteenth to twentieth-century American research and applications to the legal system, often highlighting the works of several recurring figures. These forebearers are overwhelmingly composed of white men to the exclusion of, as we argue here, pioneers of color. As a counter to prevailing Eurocentric narratives, we present the biographies of diverse contemporaries who were equally foundational to the field, including Black Americans, immigrants, and luminaries outside of the Western world. Common themes among their experiences involved discrimination, a lack of opportunities and recognition, and a biocultural and humanistic praxis that demonstrate modern discourses within the forensic anthropology community are not novel. Ultimately, this work shows that the historical foundations of forensic anthropology, in both the United States and globally, include a far more diverse cast of pioneers than what the prevailing literature suggests and should serve as a springboard from which our discipline can grow, both in its past and in its future.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139213385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Case of Complete Hyoid Body Agenesis and the Benefits of Anthropology Consultation When Assessing Structures of the Neck 完全舌骨体发育不全病例以及在评估颈部结构时进行人类学咨询的益处

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-11-29 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0007

Justin Z. Goldstein, Jennifer K. Odien, Mary K. Schwerdt

{"title":"Case of Complete Hyoid Body Agenesis and the Benefits of Anthropology Consultation When Assessing Structures of the Neck","authors":"Justin Z. Goldstein, Jennifer K. Odien, Mary K. Schwerdt","doi":"10.5744/fa.2023.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2023.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This case study details a rare finding of hyoid body agenesis. Anthropological consultation on structures of the neck is frequently utilized at the New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner. This practice allows for anthropology findings to supplement and support the autopsy reports produced by the medical examiners, often detailing the presence of trauma and/or anatomical variants. In this case, while no trauma to the neck was suspected, anthropological consultation revealed a unique hyoid morphology that has not yet been documented in the forensic literature. Moreover, this morphology seems to support a single developmental origin for the hyoid body, which has been theorized in recent embryological research. Analysis of this hyoid body agenesis may contribute meaningful data to discussions regarding hyoid bone developmental origins and provide a useful example for other forensic cases involving similar morphology. This case exemplifies the benefit of pathological and anthropological collaboration in distinguishing between trauma, pathology, and anatomical variants when assessing structures of the neck.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139213523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological Observation of the Alar Region between the Piriform Aperture and the Alar Soft Tissue for Facial Approximation (Reconstruction) 用于面部近似（重建）的蝶形孔和耳软组织之间耳廓区域的形态学观察

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0010

Hajime Utsuno, Yohsuke Makino, Shuji Namiki, Saki Minegishi, Maiko Toya, Hirotarao Iwase, Koichi Sakurada

{"title":"Morphological Observation of the Alar Region between the Piriform Aperture and the Alar Soft Tissue for Facial Approximation (Reconstruction)","authors":"Hajime Utsuno, Yohsuke Makino, Shuji Namiki, Saki Minegishi, Maiko Toya, Hirotarao Iwase, Koichi Sakurada","doi":"10.5744/fa.2023.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2023.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction methods for regions not lined by facial bones are important elements of forensic anthropology, including forensic facial approximation. The alar region can be predicted by measuring the distances from the piriform margin and multiples of the piriform width. However, studies investigating this region are limited, and some only focus on one side of the alar region. Hence, we aimed to measure the bony points/landmarks to predict the alar region.Post-mortem computed tomography images of the samples from 180 Japanese individuals were obtained and analyzed. The images were processed using Osirix (Pixmeo). The coordinates recorded from all samples were calculated, and the values obtained were stratified by sex, laterality, age, body mass index, and cephalic index. The distances between the alar and the five piriform points were measured. The mean, standard deviation, and confidence interval of all samples were calculated, and the sex-related differences were determined. We evaluated the correlation between alares and other boney landmarks and points. Our findings were compared with those of previous studies. We observed significant sex differences (p < 0.01) and asymmetry (p < 0.01) in laterality in this region; hence, asymmetry was assessed based on these results. Compared with the results of previous studies, the obtained measurements were larger than those of a previous Asian study, suggesting that laterality may influence the accuracy of prediction methods for regions not lined by hard tissues.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139219180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-11-16 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2023.0016

Naeema Abdulrazak, L. Butaric, Heather Marie Garvin

{"title":"Age-Related Changes to Frontal Sinus Traits and Implications for Forensic Identification","authors":"Naeema Abdulrazak, L. Butaric, Heather Marie Garvin","doi":"10.5744/fa.2023.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2023.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic studies on frontal sinus identification are often limited to adult samples or utilize static, simulated antemortem images, which overlook any potential temporal changes in sinus morphology. Further, studies on frontal sinus growth typically utilize lateral radiographs and/or are cross-sectional. The current study utilizes a longitudinal sample of frontal radiographs to determine the age at which forensically relevant frontal sinus traits stabilize during growth and development. The sample includes 1500 radiographs of 141 individuals (66F/75M) ranging from three to 56 years of age (yoa). For each individual, trait age-of-stabilization was recorded by identifying the year at which each coded trait became consistent across images.Our results demonstrate that frontal sinus traits stabilize on average 10–15yoa, with sinus presence being the first to stabilize and arcade counts the last. Females generally stabilized earlier (9–14yoa) versus males (10–15yoa). However, sex differences were generallynot statistically significant. Further, traits displayed a high degree of variation with wide standard deviations (~3 years). However, by 21yoa almost all individuals displayed stabilization in all traits, suggesting that little change should be expected with later-aged postmortem radiographs. Still, given the amount of variation, forensic practitioners should be cautious using frontal sinus identification methods in subadults, especially when years may have elapsed between images. When conducting a radiographic comparison that involves a subadult antemortem image, the results of this study may help the practitioner interpret whether the differences between antemortem and postmortem radiographs can be explained by age and time elapsed between radiographs.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"22 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139270012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Scales for Recording and Evaluating Dental Arcade Shape 口腔拱廊形状记录与评价量表的比较

Forensic Anthropology Pub Date : 2023-09-06 DOI: 10.5744/fa.2022.0025

Christopher Maier, Kelly Heim-Maier, Erin McCoy

{"title":"Comparison of Scales for Recording and Evaluating Dental Arcade Shape","authors":"Christopher Maier, Kelly Heim-Maier, Erin McCoy","doi":"10.5744/fa.2022.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2022.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Recording scales to evaluate the shape of the dental arcade have been proposed; however, no comparison has been made among different scales to assess which is best. Here, a comparison is made among several scales (Gill 1971, 1995; Gill & Rhine 1986; Hefner & Linde 2018; Hooton, The Harvard Blanks n.d.; Maier 2017; Maier et al. 2015), and they were evaluated on (1) low observer error and (2) strong association with groups. Digital photographs of 659 individuals from collections across the United States were assessed for dental arcade shape. These data were generated by three observers to test for replicability. Additionally, the relationship between scale and sample groups was evaluated using a combination of chi-squares and several measures of effect size (Cramér’s V, Sakoda’s C, Goodman–Kruskal lambda). Values for Fleiss’s kappa range from “fair” to “almost perfect” between intra-and interobserver measures (κ = 0.212–0.851). Nearly all scales exhibit significant associations with the sample groups, though the general trend is toward weak effect sizes. All values for Cramér’s V and Sakoda’s C fall below 0.3, and the lambda statistic does not exceed an average reduction of error of 6%. The Gill scale is the most reliably recorded but is tied to typological approaches to human variation. A five-point scale proposed by Maier (2017) is less replicable but has the largest effect sizes—“moderate” compared to “weak.” Recording the angle of the sides of the dental arcade may be as informative as several of these scales and avoids many typological associations.","PeriodicalId":309775,"journal":{"name":"Forensic Anthropology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125216791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0