Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs最新文献

{"title":"Krisis Energi Uni Eropa: Tantangan dan Peluang dalam Menghadapi Pasokan Energi yang Terbatas","authors":"Dina Siti Logayah, Regina Putri Rahmawati, Daine Zahra Hindami, Bella Rizky Mustikasari","doi":"10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27052","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The energy crisis is one of the biggest challenges facing the world today. In recent decades, energy demand has increased dramatically due to global population growth, industrial developments, and increasing living standards. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine started in 2014 when Russia annexed the Sevastopol region of Ukraine. This conflict was neglected for years until it finally reached its peak in 2022. This conflict became one of the factors in the energy crisis that occurred in Europe. Several countries in Europe have declared an energy crisis. Some of these European countries include Germany, Sweden, the Netherlands, Austria and Denmark. The purpose of writing this article is to find out what are the challenges and opportunities faced due to the energy crisis in Europe. The method used in writing this article is to use a literature review approach by selecting the database source to be used, downloading and processing text and citation files with Mendeley. The results of this study from the existence of an energy crisis in Europe can have an impact both in the economic field and in the lives of its people. The opportunities that arise are investment in renewable energy, the emergence of energy-saving attitudes, further development of energy infrastructure, the emergence of energy technology innovations, and finally, increased international cooperation.\u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000Krisis energi adalah salah satu tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi dunia saat ini. Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, permintaan energi telah meningkat secara dramatis karena pertumbuhan populasi global, perkembangan industri, dan peningkatan standar hidup. Konflik antara Rusia dan Ukraina dimulai pada tahun 2014 ketika Rusia mencaplok wilayah Sevastopol di Ukraina. Konflik ini terbengkalai selama bertahun-tahun hingga akhirnya mencapai puncaknya pada tahun 2022. Konflik tersebut menjadi salah satu faktor terjadinya krisis energi yang terjadi di Eropa. Beberapa negara di Eropa telah menyatakan adanya krisis energi. Beberapa negara di Eropa tersebut diantaranya Jerman, Swedia, Belanda, Austria, dan Denmark. Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini yaitu untuk mengetahui apa saja tantangan serta peluang yang dihadapin akibat terjadinya krisis energi di eropa ini. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini yaitu dengan menggunakan pendekatan literature review dengan memilih database sumber yang akan digunakan, mengunduh dan memproses teks dan file kutipan dengan Mendeley. Hasil dari penelitian ini Dari adanya krisis energi di Eropa dapat memunculkan dampak baik di segi ekonomi dan kehidupan masyarakatnya. Adapun peluang yang muncul yaitu investasi terhadap energi terbarukan, munculnya sikap hemat energi, mengembangkan lagi infrastruktur energi, munculnya inovasi teknologi energi, dan yang terakhir yaitu meningkatnya kerjasama internasional.\u0000","PeriodicalId":309004,"journal":{"name":"Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134437920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kepentingan Australia dalam Diplomasi Pembangunan terhadap Nauru","authors":"Riady Ibnu Khaldun, Erwin Amiruddin, A. Amin","doi":"10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27654","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines Australia's interests in Nauru in development diplomacy and the obstacles to achieving or achieving these interests. The concept used in analyzing this phenomenon is the concept of Development Diplomacy and National Interests. Furthermore, in this study using qualitative research methods with data collection techniques carried out by literature studies or Internet research where all data comes from secondary data. The results of this study indicate that Australia's interest in Nauru in conducting development diplomacy is to maintain its position in the Pacific Region, namely to ensure regional security. Preventing Chinese influence in the Pacific through harmonious relations with the creation of a political partnership between Australia and Nauru. Maintaining the stability of the Pacific Region, one of which makes Nauru a location for Australian Illegal Immigration. And strengthening bilateral relations between the two parties so that Australia can control Nauru's natural resources as well as encourage the implementation of development cooperation. In addition, obstacles to achieving Australia's interests in Nauru are threats to Australia's position in the Pacific region, China's influence which threatens Australia, challenges for Australia in maintaining stability in the Pacific region and challenges for Australia to bilateral relations with Nauru.\u0000 \u0000Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai kepentingan Australia terhaap Nauru dalam diplomasi pembangunan dan hambatan dalam mencapai atau meraih kepentingan tersebut. Konsep yang digunakan dalam menganalisis fenomena ini adalah konsep Diplomasi Pembangunan dan Kepentingan nasional. Selanjutnya, pada penelitian ini mengunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi literatur atau Internet research di mana keseluruhan data berasal dari data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepentingan Australia terhadap Nauru dalam melakukan diplomasi pembangunan adalah mempertahankan posisinya di Kawasan Pasifik yakni untuk menjamin terciptanya keamanan regional. Mencegah pengaruh China di Pasifik melalui hubungan harmonis dengan terciptanya kemitraan politik antara Australia dengan Nauru. Menjaga stabilitas Kawasan Pasifik satu di antaranya menjadikan Nauru sebagai lokasi penampungan Imigrasi Ilegal Australia. Dan memperkuat hubungan bilateral di antara kedua belah pihak agar Australia bisa menguasai sumber daya alam Nauru termasuk juga mendorong terlaksanannya kerjasama pembangunan. Selain itu hambatan dalam mencapai kepentingan Australia terhadap Nauru adalah Ancaman terhadap posisi Australia di Kawasan Pasifik, Pengaruh China yang Mengancam Australia, Tantangan bagi Australia dalam menjaga stabilitas di Kawasan Pasifik dan Tantangan bagi Australia terhadap hubungan bilateral dengan Nauru.","PeriodicalId":309004,"journal":{"name":"Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126849797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analisis Peran Medecins Sans Frontieres Terhadap Krisis Kemanusiaan Di Suriah Melalui Pendekatan Prinsip Kemanusiaan","authors":"Aulia Karin Salsabila, Hasbi Aswar","doi":"10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27482","url":null,"abstract":"The Syrian conflict involving government troops and opposition groups that has occurred since 2011 has resulted in a severe humanitarian crisis. Although this conflict has been mediated by various parties, until now the problem has not been resolved. This article will discuss one of the international actors who participated in dealing with the humanitarian impact that occurred in Syria, namely Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF). The role of MSF will be analysed using the concept of humanitarian principles in global humanitarian action. Data was collected through an online literature search relevant to this study. This article finds that MSF has a major role to play in helping to ease the health burden experienced by the war-affected Syrian people. In its role too, MSF always adheres to humanitarian principles such as humanity, neutrality, independence and impartiality. \u0000  \u0000Konflik Suriah yang melibatkan tantara pemerintah dan kelompok opoisis yang terjadi sejak tahun 2011 menghasilkan krisis kemanusiaan yang parah. Meskipun konflik ini telah berupaya dimediasi oleh berbagai pihak, namun sampai saat ini permasalah tersebut belum juga tuntas. Artikel ini akan membahas salah satu aktor internasional yang turut serta dalam menangani dampak kemanusiaan yang terjadi di Suriah yaitu Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF). Peran MSF ini akan dianalisis dengan menggunakan konsep prinsip kemanusiaan dalam aksi kemanusiaan global (humanitarian action). Data dikumpulkan melalui penelusuran literatur daring yang relevan dengan kajian ini. Artikel ini menemukan bahwa MSF memiliki peran besar dalam membantu meringantkan beban Kesehatan yang dialami oleh masyarakat Suriah yang terdampak perang. Dalam perannya juga, MSF selalu menjalankan prinsip – prinsip kemanusiaan seperti  kemanusiaan, netralitas, kemandirian dan ketidakberpihakan.","PeriodicalId":309004,"journal":{"name":"Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127326407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retaliasi China terhadap Amerika Serikat dalam Konteks Perang Dagang","authors":"Riady Ibnu Khaldun, Ratna Sari, Andi Ismira","doi":"10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27661","url":null,"abstract":"The protectionism policy was first implemented in the 2018 by the United States when there was a deficit in domestic trade for Chinese products, under the pretext of protecting domestic industries that could not compete with Chinese products. Then, China responded to this policy by imposing tariffs on US products with the concept of trade retaliation. The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of Chinese retaliation on trade policy to the United States in the trade war. then, the research method used by the author in this study is a descriptive research method that uses data types, namely secondary data sources. This study used the theory of protectionism and the concept of trade retaliation in analyzing China's retaliation towards the United States in trade wars. The retaliation carried out by China as a form of retaliation for the protectionist policies carried out by the US previously had an impact in the form of: 1) a trade deficit of 21% in 2016 caused huge losses to the agricultural sector; 2) a fall in the value of US exports of $32 billion which hurt many US companies; 3) decreased investment due to economic uncertainty due to trade wars; and 4) influencing the US election in 2020 due to trade policies towards China which has an impact on trade wars.\u0000 \u0000Kebijakan proteksionisme pertamakali diterapkan oleh Amerika Serikat ketika terjadi devisit perdagangan dalam negerinya terhadap produk China, dengan dalih untuk melindungi industri domestik yang kalah bersaing dengan produk China. kemudian, China membalas kebijakan tersebut dengan memberlakukan tarif produk AS dengan konsep retaliasi perdagangan, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan dari Retaliasi China terhadap Amerika Serikat dalam konteks perang dagang. kemudian, metode penelitian yang digunakan penulis dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif yang menggunakan jenis data yakni sumber data sekunder. Dengan menggunakan teori proteksionisme dan kensep retaliasi perdagangan dalam menganalisis retaliasi China terhadap Amerika Serikat dalam konteks perang dagang. kebijakan proteksionisme yang diterapkan AS pada periode awalnya memang membawa dampak awal yang baik bagi ekonomi industri domestik, namun berbeda ketika China mengajukan retaliasi perdagangan sehingga dampak yang ditimbulkan sangat dirasakan oleh industri manufaktur Amerika Serikat, pengaruh pada sektor pertanian, sampai pemilihan umum presiden Amerika Serikat pada tahun 2020. perang dagang mengurangi defisit perdagangan Amerika Serikat dengan China pada tahun 2019, namun, hal ini berbalik pada tahun 2020,ketika china menerapkan retaliasi perdagangan, alhasil defisit perdagangan meningkat kembali ke tingkat sebelum perang perdagangan, sementara defisit perdagangan Amerika Serikat secara keseluruhan meningkat","PeriodicalId":309004,"journal":{"name":"Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126863771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peran United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) dalam Menangani Pengungsi Luar Negeri di Indonesia pada Tahun 2016-2022","authors":"Dyah Ayu Putri, Muhaimin Zulhair Achsin","doi":"10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v3i2.27709","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Forced migration as a result of armed conflict, natural disasters and social and political oppression encourages people to leave their country of origin. As a result, people are scattered around the world seeking asylum in hopes of a better life, and Indonesia is no exception. The UNHCR, along with its mandate, sends a message to countries around the world to protect refugees. Indonesia, which has not ratified the 1951 Convention, uses Presidential Regulation No. 125 of 2016 to give UNHCR the authority to deal with refugees.The purpose of this research is to find out the compatibility between mandates and practices in dealing with refugees in Indonesia from 2016 to 2022, as well as the conditions of foreign refugees in Indonesia. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, where the data obtained is triangulated to provide interpretation. Thus, the data used are primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data obtained from journals, news and other supporting data. The findings of the study show that in the fulfilment of refugee rights. Fulfilment of the rights in question, such as education, health and other direct assistance. The activities carried out include cooperation with the Indonesian government, NGOs, local NGOs, etc. UNHCR has conducted field visits and held joint meetings. UNHCR in Indonesia has the authority to determine refugee status and is responsible for durable solutions such as repatriation, local integration and resettlement.\u0000\u0000 \u0000Forced migration yang terjadi akibat adanya konflik bersenjata, bencana alam, dan penindasan sosial maupun politik mendorong seseorang untuk meninggalkan negara asal. Akibatnya, orang-orang tersebut tersebar di segala penjuru dunia untuk mencari suaka dengan harapan mendapatkan kehidupan yang lebih baik, tidak terkecuali Indonesia. UNHCR bersama dengan mandat UNHCR membawa pesan untuk negara di dunia agar memberikan perlindungan kepada pengungsi. Indonesia yang belum meratifikasi Konvensi 1951 menggunakan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 125 Tahun 2016 sehingga kewenangan dalam menangani pengungsi berada pada UNHCR. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antara mandat dan praktik dalam penanganan pengungsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2016 hingga 2022. Serta, kondisi dari pengungsi luar negeri di Indonesia. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dimana data yang didapatkan akan dilakukan triangulasi yang menghasilkan interpretasi. Dengan demikian, data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang didapatkan melalui wawancara dan data sekunder yang mengambil dari jurnal, berita, dan data pendukung lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UNHCR memiliki peran dalam pemenuhan hak-hak pengungsi. Pemenuhan hak yang dimaksud seperti pendidikan, kesehatan, dan bantuan langsung lainnya. Adapun kegiatan yang dilaksanakan seperti menjalin kerjasama dengan pemerintah Indonesia, NGOs, LSM lokal, dan lain sebagainya. UNHCR melakukan kunjungan ","PeriodicalId":309004,"journal":{"name":"Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130832542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mendayung (Memanipulasi Wacana) di Antara Dua Karang: Discursive hedging Indonesia dalam Indo-Pasifik","authors":"Kevin Ali Sesarianto","doi":"10.31947/hjirs.v3i1.25635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v3i1.25635","url":null,"abstract":"In the Indo-Pacific constellation which targets political, security and economic issues, Indonesia is constructed as a middle power country. This construction originates from the political reality that Indonesia must hedge between the influence of the United States and China. In other words, the Indo-Pacific is a construction in which there are conflicting interests of the two great powers. Using the postcolonial critical discourse analysis method, this paper explores the construction that Indonesia is doing in ASEAN regarding the Indo-Pacific, namely the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific. This paper looks at two important things: (1) the discursive power relations embodied in Indo-Pacific discourse and (2) the activity of manipulating discourse so that Indonesia is merely in a \"safe\" position in the conflict of big powers, and even tends to take advantage of it. As a result of these findings, this paper reconstructs the identity and role of Indonesia's middle power: Indonesia is not a bearer of inclusivity or an honest broker, but merely a client of two major powers.\u0000?\u0000Dalam konstelasi Indo-Pasifik yang menyasar permasalahan politik, keamanan, dan ekonomi, Indonesia dikonstruksikan sebagai negara middle power. Konstruksi tersebut bersumber dari kenyataan politik bahwa Indonesia harus melakukan hedging di antara pengaruh Amerika Serikat dan Cina. Dengan kata lain, Indo-Pasifik adalah sebuah konstruksi yang terdapat pertentangan kepentingan dua great oiwer di dalamnya. Menggunakan metode analisis wacana kritis poskolonial, tulisan ini mendalami konstruksi yang Indonesia lakukan dalam ASEAN terkait Indo-Pasifik, yakni ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific. Tulisan ini melihat dua hal penting: (1) relasi kuasa diskursif yang terkandung dalam pewacanaan Indo-Pasifik dan (2) aktivitas manipulasi wacana agar Indonesia sekedar berposisi ?aman? dalam konflik kekuatan besar, bahkan cenderung memanfaatkan. Akibat temuan tersebut, tulisan ini merombak identitas dan peran middle power Indonesia: Indonesia bukan pembawa inklusivitas atau honest broker, tetapi sekedar klien dari dua kekuatan besar.","PeriodicalId":309004,"journal":{"name":"Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125687873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical Discourse Analysis on Islam Nusantara in Indonesia's Foreign Policy","authors":"Rizki Dian Nursita","doi":"10.31947/hjirs.v3i1.25611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v3i1.25611","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of Islam Nusantara is a concept and perspective of Islam that Nahdlatul Ulama promoted at the NU Congress in 2015. It is used to mention the indigenization of Islamic practice in Indonesia, often contrasted with Arabization. The discourse of Islam Nusantara which is developing well among the government, Islamic organizations, and the community is aging several pros and cons for Indonesia's domestic politics. Furthermore, Islam Nusantara is also often used as the trademark of Indonesia's foreign policy with countries in the Middle East. This study tries to explain how Islam Nusantara Islam as a discourse has been applied in Indonesia's foreign policy towards countries in the Middle East. The study primarily relies on a critical discourse analysis method.","PeriodicalId":309004,"journal":{"name":"Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132536705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategi Preventif Pemerintah Nusa Tenggara Barat dalam Mewujudkan Zero Unprocedural PMI","authors":"Septi Hariani, N. Rijal","doi":"10.31947/hjirs.v3i1.23978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v3i1.23978","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesian migrant workers are the second largest contributor to the country and play a role in several economic sectors. Unfortunately, this is followed by the emergence of cases that harm migrant workers, which are often caused by lack of knowledge, sources of information and the emergence of brokers who end up in cases of sending illegal migrant workers or often called PMI Unprocedural. The emergence of various modes under the pretext of traveling, visiting and worshiping Umrah in order to escape the surveillance and screening of immigration officers. It is known that West Nusa Tenggara Province is the 3rd largest province that sends PMI abroad. This study uses a descriptive type of research. Based on the results of the study, it is known that preventive efforts have been continuously issued by the West Nusa Tenggara regional government to protect the rights and safety of migrant workers from various threats such as human trafficking syndicates, accidents while traveling, violence at work, and protecting workers from non-payment of salaries by employers. , etc. In addition, it is known that the NTB Provincial Government continues to develop in the formation of Desmigratif and Zero Cos to be able to guarantee the rights of CPMI, PMI, and their families. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Pekerja migran indonesia menjadi penyumbang terbesar kedua negara dan memaninkan peran pada beberapa sektor ekonomi. Namun sayangnya hal ini diikuti oleh munculnya kasus-kasus yang merugikan para pekerja migran, yang sering kali disesbabkan oleh kurangnya pengetahuan, sumber informasi serta munculnya para calo yang berakhir pada kasus pengiriman pekerja migran ilegal atau sering disebut PMI Unprocedural. Munculnya berbagai modus dengan dalih berwisata, berkunjung, dan beribadah umroh untuk dapat lolos dari pengawasan dan penjaringan petugas keimigrasian. Diketahui bahwasanya Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat menjadi Provinsi terbesar ke-3 yang mengirimkan PMI ke luar Negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa Upaya-upaya preventif terus menerus dikeluarkan pemerintah daerah Nusa Tenggara Barat untuk melindungi hak dan keselamatan pekerja migran dari berbagai ancaman seperti sindikat penjualan manusia, kecelakaan saat diperjalanan, kekerasaan saat bekerja, dan melindungi pekerja dari tidak dibayarkannya gaji oleh majikan, dll. Selain diketahui bahwa Pemerintah Provindi NTB terus melakukan pengembangan dalam pembentukan Desmigratif dan Zero Cos untuk dapat menjamin hak para CPMI, PMI, dan keluarganya.","PeriodicalId":309004,"journal":{"name":"Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115781514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peran Nasional Rusia Terhadap Konflik Suriah (2015-2020)","authors":"Riezky Poetra Riezky, Chandra Purnama, Windy Dermawan","doi":"10.31947/hjirs.v3i1.25262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v3i1.25262","url":null,"abstract":"The ongoing conflict in Syria has led Russia to become more deeply involved in supporting the regime of Bashar Al-Assad. Russia has been the main supporter of the Assad regime since the beginning of the conflict. Russia's participation in the Syrian conflict has prevented Assad from the threat of regime collapse. This research aims to recognize the Russia's national role conceptions in the Syrian conflict. In analyzing, the researcher uses Kalevi J. Holsti's national role conceptions to identify the Russia's national roles. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. This research indicates that Russia has the role of faithful ally in the Syrian conflict. It was identified through the decisions, commitments, rules and actions implemented by Russia during the Syrian conflict. Russia's general policy behavior indicates that the historical relationship between the two nations is an important part of Russia's foreign policy. As a faithful ally, Russia has considered Syria as one of its foreign policy concerns, especially in the Middle East.\u0000 \u0000Konflik berkepanjangan yang terjadi di Suriah telah mendorong Rusia untuk terlibat lebih jauh dalam mendukung eksistensi rezim Bashar Al-Assad. Sejak mulai pecahnya konflik, Rusia telah menjadi pendukung utama dari rezim Assad. Partisipasi aktif Rusia dalam konflik Suriah telah menghindarkan Assad dari ancaman kejatuhan rezim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi konsepsi peran nasional Rusia dalam keterlibatannya terhadap konflik di Suriah. Dalam menganalisis, peneliti menggunakan konsepsi peran nasional Kalevi J. Holsti untuk mengidentifikasi tipe peran nasional yang dijalankan Rusia. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan  bahwa konsepsi peran nasional yang dijalankan oleh Rusia terhadap konflik di Suriah adalah konsepsi peran nasional dengan tipe sekutu setia. Hal ini terindentifikasi dari keputusan, komitmen, aturan dan tindakan yang dijalankan oleh Rusia selama konflik Suriah berlangsung. Perilaku Rusia secara umum menunjukkan bahwa sejarah panjang hubungan kedua negara tidak dapat dilepaskan dari kebijakan luar negeri Rusia. Sebagai sekutu setia Rusia menjadikan Suriah salah satu pertimbangan dalam menjalankan kebijakan luar negerinya, khususnya di kawasan Timur-Tengah.","PeriodicalId":309004,"journal":{"name":"Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125322002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perbandingan Sistem Wakaf Sebagai Implementasi Kebijakan Distribusi Sosial (Studi Kasus: Arab Saudi Dan Malaysia)","authors":"Afni Regita Cahyani Muis, Mia Utami Putri, Zahra Amalia, Nanda Putri Khalifah, Faatimah Faatimah","doi":"10.31947/hjirs.v3i1.25509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31947/hjirs.v3i1.25509","url":null,"abstract":"This article will explain the comparison of waqf systems in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. Each country has a different waqf management system that supports social distribution policies. Malaysia is managed by the State Islamic Religious Council, as Malaysia is a federal country and each state has a Waqf Management Committee to manage waqf assets. Saudi Arabia is managed by a special institution called the Higher Waqf Council, chaired by the Minister of Hajj and Waqf, with the authority to distribute waqf assets according to the mandate given by the waqif. This study uses a comparative method by analyzing two objects which then result in similarities and differences in the waqf system to find social distribution policy factors and their implementation. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive method with secondary analysis, namely using secondary data such as journals and official websites. The results of this study show that the management of waqf is different in each organization in their respective countries and has different authorities, but the results still make waqf as one of the policies made by the government for their country.\u0000 \u0000Artikel ini akan menjelaskan perbandingan sistem wakaf di negara Malaysia dan Arab Saudi. Setiap negara memiliki sistem pengelolaan wakaf berbeda yang mendukung kebijakan distribusi sosial. Malaysia dikelola oleh Dewan Agama Islam Negara, karena Malaysia adalah negara federal dan setiap negara memiliki SIRC untuk mengelola wakaf. Arab Saudi yang dikelola oleh lembaga khusus yang disebut Majelis Tinggi Wakaf diketuai oleh Menteri Haji dan Wakaf, dengan kewenangan untuk mendistribusikan aset wakaf sesuai mandat yang diberikan oleh wakif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode komparatif dengan menganalisis dua objek yang kemudian menghasilkan persamaan dan perbedaan sistem wakaf untuk menemukan faktor-faktor kebijakan distribusi sosial dan implementasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif-deskriptif dengan secondary analysis, yaitu menggunakan data sekunder, seperti jurnal-jurnal dan official website. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa dalam pengelolaan wakaf yang dikelola oleh masing-masing organisasi di negaranya dan memiliki kewenangan yang berbeda-beda namun hasilnya tetap menjadikan wakaf sebagai salah satu kebijakan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah untuk negaranya.","PeriodicalId":309004,"journal":{"name":"Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116971793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}