Environment International最新文献

{"title":"Reduced regulatory testing of biochemical plant protection products: an evaluation using three case studies","authors":"Siân Ellis,&nbsp;Hanno Bothe,&nbsp;James Courtenay,&nbsp;Marie Noelle Douaiher,&nbsp;Jorrell Fredericks,&nbsp;Orçun Gürkan,&nbsp;Sara Lamperti,&nbsp;Monika Maleri,&nbsp;Jyotigna Mehta,&nbsp;Christian Strupp,&nbsp;Seamus Taylor,&nbsp;Michael Werner,&nbsp;Bennard van Ravenzwaay","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochemicals are increasingly used in plant protection strategies due to their generally favorable safety profiles and rapid environmental degradation and are currently subject to the same extensive data requirements as conventional synthetic chemicals in Europe. The BiochemPPP-STAS framework was developed to consider these differences and to provide a concept for reduced and triggered information requirements. Here, we report on three case studies to compare the outcome of the BiochemPPP-STAS concept with the traditional information requirements for regulatory human health and environmental risk assessment. Three biochemicals, gibberellic acid (GA3), Lysate of <em>Willaertia magna C2c Maky</em> lysate (LWm) and tea tree oil (TTO) were retrospectively assessed using regulatory authority evaluations. For all three case studies, BiochemPPP-STAS adequately identified hazard profiles and supported derivation of reference values comparable to those obtained using full conventional data packages, while substantially reducing resources and in particular animal testing. For GA3 and LWm, the base dataset was sufficient to characterize toxicity and support low-risk conclusions. For TTO, reproductive toxicity signals were identified in base studies and triggered higher-tier testing, demonstrating the responsiveness of the tiered approach. Quantitative differences in reference values compared with classical assessments were generally small and did not alter regulatory outcomes. Environmental assessments similarly showed that base data requirements captured ecotoxicological concerns. The assessments on environmental safety were not different than using the full data set. Although conclusions are limited by the small number of case studies, and additional evaluations are necessary, the findings support, as a proof of concept the scientific adequacy of the BiochemPPP-STAS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110549"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149260137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term ambient heat and overall mortality among California participants in the Multiethnic Cohort study","authors":"Anna H. Wu,&nbsp;Jun Wu,&nbsp;Chiuchen Tseng,&nbsp;Sam J. Silva,&nbsp;Sungshim Lani Park,&nbsp;Salma Shariff-Marco,&nbsp;Qingqing He,&nbsp;Meera Sangaramoorthy,&nbsp;Alexandra M. Binder,&nbsp;Serge Atherwood,&nbsp;Pushkar Inamdar,&nbsp;Daniel O. Stram,&nbsp;Loïc Le Marchand,&nbsp;Lynne R. Wilkens,&nbsp;Christopher Haiman,&nbsp;Eileen Crimmins,&nbsp;Iona Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Most heat-mortality studies have investigated short-term exposures, and few studies have examined the impacts of long-term heat exposure on mortality, on an individual level. We investigated prospectively the associations of long-term average daily maximum temperature (TMMX) at residential locations, and heat waves, averaged annually for up to 25 years, with overall and cause-specific mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>88,283 California participants of the Multiethnic Cohort Study (∼70% African American and Latinos) were followed for mortality from 1993 to 1996 (baseline) through 2019. Using Cox proportional hazards models we estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per 5°F (interquartile range) increase in time-varying TMMX adjusting for individual- and neighborhood-level, and other heat-related and adaptation factors. We investigated the modifying effects of PM_2.5 and O₃ and conducted various subgroup analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall mortality (n = 48,272 deaths) increased 5% (HR 1.05, CI 1.03–1.08) per 5°F increase in TMMX. This statistically significant association remained when further adjusted for other climate factors. Cumulative heatwave exposures at the 75th and 90th percentile TMMX thresholds were also associated with mortality. Although formal tests for heterogeneity were not statistically significant for age, sex, race/ethnicity, neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), or climate zone, statistically significant associations were observed among those aged ≥ 85 (HR 1.06, CI 1.02–1.10), African American participants (HR 1.06, CI 1.01–1.11), and those living in inland climate zones (HR &gt; 1.05). Participants in the highest tertiles of PM_2.5 and O₃ showed an HR of 1.52 (CI 1.30–1.78) per 5°F TMMX compared to 1.06 (CI 0.97–1.15) for those in the lowest tertiles of PM_2.5 and O₃. TMMX was associated with increased mortality due to Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia and heart diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings of increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality with increasing long-term average TMMX in a racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse cohort provides timely evidence that sustained ambient heat as a chronic driver of mortality as well as an acute hazard. This evidence helps to inform future climate health research and intervention development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110580"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149292026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal phthalate exposure and early childhood asthma: a prospective birth cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children’s study","authors":"Kensuke Oba,&nbsp;Hiroyoshi Iwata,&nbsp;Takeshi Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Keitaro Makino,&nbsp;Sachiko Itoh,&nbsp;Mariko Itoh,&nbsp;Yu Ait Bamai,&nbsp;Atsuko Ikeda,&nbsp;Rahel Mesfin Ketema,&nbsp;Naomi Tamura,&nbsp;Rieko Yamamoto,&nbsp;Maki Tojo,&nbsp;Yasuaki Saijo,&nbsp;Yoshiya Ito,&nbsp;Reiko Kishi,&nbsp;The Japan Environment Children’s Study JECS Group","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prenatal phthalate exposure has been associated with allergic outcomes; however, evidence linking it to childhood asthma remains inconsistent. Using data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), we examined the association between prenatal phthalate exposure measured during the first and second/third trimesters and current asthma in early childhood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Among 9,707 mother–child pairs with urinary phthalate measurements in both the first and second/third trimesters, 8,554, 8,048, and 7,722 singleton children with available asthma data were analyzed at ages 2, 4, and 6 years, respectively. Current asthma was defined as wheezing in the past 12 months together with caregiver-reported physician-diagnosed asthma during that period (or ongoing asthma treatment). In the primary analyses, first-trimester, second/third-trimester, and average concentrations were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for maternal allergy or asthma history, smoking, education, household income, parity, and recruitment center, with multiple imputation and false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Additional analyses included sex stratification, generalized estimating equations, mutually adjusted trimester-specific models, alternative asthma definitions, and quantile g-computation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Current asthma prevalence was 6.4, 5.8, and 4.4% at 2, 4, and 6 years, respectively. In the primary analyses, no associations remained statistically significant after FDR correction. Similarly, generalized estimating equation and quantile g-computation analyses showed no significant overall associations after FDR correction. In additional analyses after FDR correction, the average monomethyl phthalate (MMP) concentration was positively associated with International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)-defined asthma at age 2, while first-trimester and average MMP concentrations were positively associated with later-confirmed age-2 asthma. These findings were not consistently observed across ages or analytic approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Prenatal phthalate exposure was not consistently associated with current asthma in early childhood in this large Japanese birth cohort. Although certain MMP associations emerged in secondary and sensitivity analyses, the overall pattern of findings did not support a robust association.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110578"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149284387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breastfeeding duration and residential setting in relation to childhood exposure to organochlorine pesticides and PCBs: a longitudinal study of the Rhea cohort in Crete","authors":"Marianna Karachaliou,&nbsp;Evangelos Chandakas,&nbsp;Theodoros Giakoumis,&nbsp;Alexandra Parada-Torres,&nbsp;Danae Costopoulou,&nbsp;Leondios Leondiadis,&nbsp;Panu Rantakokko,&nbsp;Hannu Kiviranta,&nbsp;Euripides G. Stephanou,&nbsp;Antonis Myridakis","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite decades-old bans, persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), remain a public health concern owing to persistence and bioaccumulation. Previous Rhea mother–child cohort analyses (Crete, Greece) reported notably high DDE (DDT’s main metabolite) in children, raising questions about postnatal pathways sustaining this post-ban burden. We aimed to characterise associations of residential setting, breastfeeding duration and childhood diet with children’s serum OCP and PCB concentrations, accounting for maternal prenatal serum concentrations. Using linear mixed-effects models, we related breastfeeding duration and residential setting to 947 serum measurements from 443 Rhea children at ages 4, 6.5 and 11 years (n = 375, 239 and 333, respectively). Breastfeeding duration showed the strongest associations, with &gt;4 months (versus never) consistently associated with higher DDE+DDT sum, HCB and PCB concentrations. Associations were strongest at age 4, then attenuated, consistent with growth dilution and elimination, but remained statistically detectable for DDE+DDT sum to age 11, independent of recent diet and parental agricultural occupation. Breastfeeding duration associations were stronger at higher maternal prenatal HCB concentrations (borderline for PCBs), consistent with lactation as one route of maternal-to-child transfer of accumulated body burden. Contrary to the hypothesis that agricultural proximity drives exposure, urban versus rural Heraklion residence was not significantly associated with serum POPs after adjustment for maternal prenatal concentrations, diet and household characteristics. Rather than implying any change to breastfeeding practice, these findings support reducing POP body burden in reproductive-age women, particularly before conception, during pregnancy and lactation, through continued exposure monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110583"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149292024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategy for mixture risk assessment using European human biomonitoring data: lessons learned from applications to pesticides, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and metal(loid)s","authors":"Amélie Crépet,&nbsp;Hannah McKeon,&nbsp;Karine Angeli,&nbsp;Wieneke Bil,&nbsp;Bianca Cox,&nbsp;Eva Govarts,&nbsp;Emily McVey,&nbsp;Philippe Palmont,&nbsp;Nanette Vrijenhoek,&nbsp;Johannes Kruisselbrink,&nbsp;Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen,&nbsp;Pavel Čupr,&nbsp;Deepika Deepika,&nbsp;Marta Esteban-López,&nbsp;Clémence Fillol,&nbsp;Céline Fragnière Rime,&nbsp;Catherine Gabriel,&nbsp;Sergio González-Ruiz,&nbsp;Trine Husøy,&nbsp;Tomáš Janoš,&nbsp;Jacob van Klaveren","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Humans are exposed daily to mixtures of chemicals from multiple sources and routes, including diet and the environment. These combined exposures may cause adverse health effects that are not adequately captured by conventional substance-by-substance risk assessment, due to the inherent complexity of assessing combined risks. To address this gap, the Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) Real-life Mixtures project aims to consolidate scientific knowledge regarding mixture risk assessment (MRA).</div><div>In synergy with ongoing activities of European agencies and other initiatives, this project developed a strategy to perform MRA using human biomonitoring (HBM) data. The approach consists of five steps: (1) prioritisation of chemical mixtures of interest for human health to guide case-study selection; (2) collection and organisation of the data required for MRA, including exposure, hazard, and toxicokinetic information; (3) development of methods for conducting MRA using HBM data; (4) implementation of these methods within the Monte Carlo Risk Assessment (MCRA) toolbox; and (5) application of the strategy to prioritised case studies.</div><div>Three chemical families and four associated adverse health outcomes were selected based on the results of PARC priority process: pesticides affecting the nervous system, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) affecting the immune system, and metal(loid)s affecting kidney function and neurodevelopment. HBM data from studies conducted across Europe and Greenland were harmonised using the HBM data toolkit. Hazard and toxicokinetic data were compiled to derive internal toxicological values suitable for MRA. The MRA was then performed in a harmonised way for each case study using the MCRA toolbox.</div><div>The strategy developed within the PARC Real-life Mixtures project provides a proof-of-concept for conducting HBM-based MRA and for informing policymakers. Future research will focus on reducing uncertainties and expanding the approach to additional chemicals with common health endpoints and co-exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110560"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the health and economic burden of sick leave associated with long-term fine particulate matter exposure: a 13-year analysis using German health claims data","authors":"Benjamin Aretz, Jonas Böcker, Michael Arz, Lorenza Gilardi, Matthias Schmid, Michael Bittner, Jörn Rittweger","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2026.110586","url":null,"abstract":"Ambient fine particulate matter (PM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2.5</ce:inf>) is a major environmental health risk, yet its contribution to sick leave and related productivity losses remains insufficiently quantified. We therefore examined the association between PM<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2.5</ce:inf> exposure and all-cause sick leave days and estimated the corresponding model-based burden and productivity losses.","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149358931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercury exposure during pregnancy and the effect of harmonised fish-consumption advice: results from the multi-country randomised HBM4EU-MOM study","authors":"Catherine Gabriel,&nbsp;Marta Esteban-López,&nbsp;Sónia Namorado,&nbsp;Thorhallur I. Halldorsson,&nbsp;Janja Snoj Tratnik,&nbsp;Achilleas Karakoltzidis,&nbsp;Dayna R. Schultz,&nbsp;Elena Anastasi,&nbsp;Ricardo Assunção,&nbsp;Susana Pedraza-Diaz,&nbsp;Argelia Castaño,&nbsp;Anthoula Chatzimpaloglou,&nbsp;Noelia Domínguez-Morueco,&nbsp;Despina Giannadaki,&nbsp;Sara González,&nbsp;Milena Horvat,&nbsp;Eva Jacobsen,&nbsp;Spyros Karakitsios,&nbsp;Marike Kolossa-Gehring,&nbsp;Miguel Ángel Lucena,&nbsp;Andromachi Katsonouri","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury exposure during pregnancy remains a public health concern due to its potential impact on foetal neurodevelopment. The randomised HBM4EU-MOM study (2020–2022) evaluated the effect of harmonised dietary advice on mercury exposure among 654 pregnant women from five European coastal countries. Total mercury concentrations in hair were measured at Phase 1 (baseline) and Phase 2 (follow-up). At baseline, mercury exposure varied substantially across countries, with the highest geometric mean (GM) concentrations in Portugal (1.56 μg/g) and Spain (0.90 μg/g), and lower levels in Greece, Iceland, and Cyprus (0.44 μg/g, 0.36 μg/g, and 0.31 μg/g, respectively). The primary adjusted analysis (n = 600) showed no evidence that the dietary intervention reduced follow-up hair mercury concentrations compared with the control group (adjusted geometric mean ratio [GMR] = 1.028, 95% CI 0.955–1.107; p = 0.455). Between baseline and follow-up, the GM mercury concentration across pooled participants with paired measurements decreased from 0.59 μg/g to 0.55 μg/g (−6.79%, p = 0.002), with statistically significant temporal reductions observed in Spain and Portugal, while no statistically significant temporal changes were observed in Greece, Iceland, or Cyprus. The proportion of women exceeding the EFSA exposure benchmark (1.8 μg/g) decreased from 12.5% at baseline to 7.5% at follow-up. Country-specific temporal reductions in Spain and Portugal were observed in both intervention and control groups with similar magnitudes. These findings indicate that the observed temporal decline in mercury exposure during pregnancy cannot be attributed specifically to the harmonised dietary intervention and is likely to reflect factors operating beyond the intervention itself. Although the intervention did not produce a measurable reduction in mercury exposure compared with standard care, the country-specific temporal patterns and reductions in the proportion of women exceeding health-based exposure benchmark highlight the importance of understanding the behavioural, dietary, and contextual factors influencing mercury exposure during pregnancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110573"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149231446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sputum microplastic concentrations and their association with underweight in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: first human evidence combined with integrated network toxicology analysis","authors":"Shaojie Liu,&nbsp;Dingnan Lin,&nbsp;Xuefan Yang,&nbsp;Wenliang Zhu,&nbsp;Hantian Zheng,&nbsp;Zhiping Yang,&nbsp;Ruihua Dong,&nbsp;Yihua Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weight loss is a prevalent symptom in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Nevertheless, the role of microplastics (MPs) in this process remains poorly understood, and the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. We measured 13 MPs types by pyrolysis–gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in sputum from 40 COPD patients. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A hypothesis-generating network toxicology analysis explored the potential molecular mechanisms linking MPs exposure to alterations of body composition in COPD. Of the 40 participants, 12 (30.0%) were classified as underweight. Disease stage, nutritional status, and inflammatory indicators did not differ significantly between the two groups. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was detected in 97.5% of samples and showed the highest median concentration. PVC and total MPs showed non-linear positive associations with the odds of underweight in COPD, with fully adjusted odds ratios of 4.324 and 4.497. Sensitivity analyses also acquired the similar results. Higher PVC and total MPs were associated with reduced fat mass (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and linear regression models adjusted for all covariables showed similar negative associations. Exploratory mediation analysis showed that after adjustment for fat mass, the negative association between PVC exposure and body mass index (BMI) was no longer observed, suggesting that this association may be explained by reduced fat mass. Using the low-molecular-weight constituents of PVC and its additives (vinyl chloride monomer and phthalates) as the exposure sources, hypothesis-generating network toxicology analysis identified 84 targets shared with COPD and weight loss, enriched in inflammatory and adipocyte-differentiation signaling (adjusted <em>P</em> = 8.4 × 10⁻¹⁵ and 2.1 × 10⁻¹⁰). In conclusion, sputum MPs exposure was associated with higher odds of underweight and with lower fat mass in COPD patients. Chemicals-driven inflammatory signaling and impaired adipocyte differentiation may be involved in MPs-associated weight loss in COPD, which needs to be verified by experimental evidences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110564"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149260185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory aspects of risks posed by veterinary medicinal products to European necrophagous birds: A case study with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)","authors":"Boris Kolar,&nbsp;Nikiforos Alygizakis,&nbsp;Michael G. Bertram,&nbsp;Marta Herrero-Villar,&nbsp;Gerd Maack,&nbsp;Gabriele Treu,&nbsp;Mojca Durjava","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in human and veterinary medicine to treat pain and inflammatory diseases. However, the uncontrolled treatment of free-roaming and sheltered livestock with NSAIDs, mainly diclofenac, has caused catastrophic impacts on the biodiversity of necrophagous birds. For instance, a decline of up to 95 % in populations of various species of vultures occurred in South Asia from the late 1990 s to the early 2000 s. In the European context, the European Commission mandated the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to assess the risk posed by diclofenac to necrophagous bird populations in 2014. The risk assessment conducted by the EMA in 2014 identified the risks to affected species. Specific risk-management measures were proposed to facilitate an acceptable level of protection for necrophagous bird populations. Over the last ten years, just one evident death of a necrophagous bird due to intoxication with diclofenac was recorded in Europe. However, the concentrations of different NSAID residues detected in bird carcasses and tissues indicate exposure of avifauna to this group of pharmaceuticals, suggesting that scavenging birds in Europe are not protected against NSAIDs and other veterinary medicines used in animals for human consumption. In addition, NSAIDs are widely used in human medicine and are commonly detected in surface waters of EU member states. We assessed the risk of secondary poisoning based on the detected concentrations of diclofenac in surface waters and identified a risk for piscivorous raptors. We conclude that obligatory risk assessment followed by risk-management measures during the authorisation process does not sufficiently reduce the risk of pharmaceuticals for necrophagous and piscivorous raptors. We propose recommendations and alternative risk-management strategies, underscoring the urgency of protecting European necrophagous and piscivorous raptor populations to sustain the crucial ecosystem services they provide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110575"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149292023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indoor NO2, temperature, and humidity in relation to maternal stress, sleep, and cognitive performance during pregnancy","authors":"J.S. Opbroek,&nbsp;N. Mueller,&nbsp;Y. Zhao,&nbsp;A. Domínguez,&nbsp;C. Persavento,&nbsp;M. Ferrer,&nbsp;M. Gómez-Roig,&nbsp;E. Llurba,&nbsp;P. Dadvand,&nbsp;I. Rivas,&nbsp;S. Koch,&nbsp;J. Garcia-Aymerich","doi":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envint.2026.110581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Evidence characterising indoor environmental exposures and their effects on maternal neurobehavioural well-being during pregnancy remains scarce.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To estimate the associations between indoor residential environmental exposures (nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), temperature, and relative humidity (RH)) and maternal neurobehavioural well-being (measured as perceived stress, sleep quality, and cognitive performance).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We included pregnant individuals (n = 906) from the population-based Barcelona Life Study Cohort (BiSC) who were recruited from 2018 to 2021. Weekly average indoor residential NO₂ concentrations, temperature, and RH were objectively measured in participants’ homes at ∼ 12 and ∼ 32 weeks of gestation using indoor monitoring devices. Linear, negative binomial, and mixed-effects regression models estimated the associations between indoor environmental exposures and perceived stress (10-item Perceived Stress Scale [PSS-10]), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), and cognitive performance (N-back reaction time and Primary Mental Abilities-Revised [PMA-R]); PSQI was assessed at both visits, while PSS-10 and cognitive tests were performed at ∼ 32 weeks of gestation only.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After covariate adjustment, higher indoor NO₂ exposure was associated with higher perceived stress (0.66 points (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.11, 1.21; p = 0.019)) and a greater increase in PSS-10 scores for a NO₂ interquartile range increase (11.2 µg/m³) but not with sleep quality or cognitive performance. Indoor temperature and RH metrics, including nighttime minima and maxima, were not associated with any outcome.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings suggest an association between indoor NO₂ concentration and prenatal perceived stress, indicating that the residential environment may be a relevant factor in maternal antenatal health that warrants further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":308,"journal":{"name":"Environment International","volume":"217 ","pages":"Article 110581"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149292025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}