{"title":"El autorreconocimiento étnico como determinante en la satisfacción laboral: Un estudio empírico para Santiago de Cali, 2013.","authors":"Geovanny Castro-Aristizabal, Diana Constanza Camacho Jiménez, Jeinson Fabián Prado Flórez","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V38I2.41563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V38I2.41563","url":null,"abstract":"En este trabajo se analiza si el autorreconocimiento étnico es un determinante sobre la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores de la ciudad de Santiago de Cali, también se evalúa la incidencia de otras variables demográficas y las características del empleo. Se estiman un modelo logit ordenado y un probit ordenado a partir de la Encuesta de Empleo y Calidad de Vida –EECV– para el Municipio de Santiago de Cali, realizada por el Ministerio de Trabajo y la Alcaldía de Santiago de Cali, en el periodo Noviembre 2012 a Enero 2013. Los resultados muestran que considerarse afrodescendiente no incide significativamente sobre sentirse o no satisfecho con el empleo, sin embargo, cuando se evalúa la variable raza de manera conjunta (incluyendo todos los grupos étnicos) esta variable influye en la satisfacción laboral. Igualmente, se evidencia que factores como la edad, el estrato, el estado civil, el medio de transporte para ir al trabajo y la calidad del empleo son determinantes en el nivel de satisfacción que un caleño siente con su empleo.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42367985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johnny Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, M. Ruiz-Fuentes, Carlos Murillo-Zamora
{"title":"Espacios públicos y construcción de identidad: La experiencia de Montes de Oca","authors":"Johnny Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, M. Ruiz-Fuentes, Carlos Murillo-Zamora","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V38I2.45207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V38I2.45207","url":null,"abstract":"El desarrollo y la planificación urbanística, en un mundo cada vez más globalizado y caracterizado por la comunicación digital y el predominio de las redes sociales, repercute directamente en la naturaleza de los espacios públicos -sobre todo cuando se piensa en términos del ágora griegay en la construcción de identidades en las comunidades; afectando, en forma directa, la participación ciudadana. En ese sentido, el espacio público en los condominios y en general en los barrios se constituye en un lugar en donde no necesariamente se produce la interacción entre personas para el debate público sobre los problemas comunitarios y la construcción de identidad. Pero, sobre todo, el espacio público es sustituido por aquel no público, que se sitúa en los centros comerciales y otros ámbitos no públicos. Frente a ello los Gobiernos locales no adoptan políticas públicas que fomenten y faciliten la interacción ciudadana. El cantón de Montes Oca, provincia de San José es un buen ejemplo de la forma en que se usan los espacios públicos hoy.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42174921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diferencias entre la educación universitaria pública y privada costarricense: rendimientos y calificación del trabajo","authors":"Laura Cristina Blanco, María José Sauma Chacón","doi":"10.15517/rce.v38i1.39039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v38i1.39039","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSe estimaron los niveles de sobreeducacion para la poblacion costarricense graduada de estudios superiores utilizando la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares 2011-2017. Posteriormente, se estimaron ecuaciones de Mincer mediante minimos cuadrados ordinarios para analizar la relacion existente entre el salario y el tipo de centro educativo, el area de estudio y el tipo de emparejamiento laboral. Se encuentra que estudiar en una universidad publica se asocia con un premio que oscila entre 4,7% y 9,5%. Este premio, ademas, varia por area de estudio, aunque se encuentra que las universidades publicas mantienen su ventaja en la mayoria de los casos. Para las cohortes de mayor edad, el premio por estudiar en una universidad publica desaparece. Ademas, se encuentra que no existe un problema por genuina sobreeducacion en el mercado laboral costarricense, aunque si existe un porcentaje importante de personas aparentemente sobreeducadas, el cual es mayor entre quienes estudiaron en universidades publicas. EnglishOvereducation rates were estimated for the Costa Rican graduate working population using the National Household Survey 2011-2017. Further on, Mincerian wage equations were estimated using ordinary least squares to analyze the existing relationship between wages and the type of university attended, degree subject, area and skill mismatches. Results show that attending a public university is associated with a wage premium ranging from 4.7% to 9.5%. This premium varies by degree subject, but public universities exhibit an advantage in most cases. For elderly cohorts, the premium associated with being a graduate from a public university disappears. Genuine overeducation is not found to be a problem in the Costa Rican labor market, despite the existence of a considerable percentage of apparently overeducated graduates; and this percentage is found to be higher among public universities alumni.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44897162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Johnny Madrigal-Pana, Sebastián Flores-Alvarado, María Fernanda Benavides-Prado, Manuel Fiallos-Gonzáles
{"title":"Cambio de Metodología en la Encuesta de Confianza de los Consumidores en Costa Rica","authors":"Johnny Madrigal-Pana, Sebastián Flores-Alvarado, María Fernanda Benavides-Prado, Manuel Fiallos-Gonzáles","doi":"10.15517/rce.v38i1.38671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v38i1.38671","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEn mayo del 2019, se modifico la metodologia de la Encuesta de Confianza de los Consumidores, cambiando de la telefonia fija a la movil, por lo que las cuatro encuestas previas se realizaron con ambos metodos para investigar el efecto en el Indice de Confianza del Consumidor (ICC), entre otras estadisticas de interes. En tres de las encuestas no se encontro evidencia de diferencias en las magnitudes del ICC. Ademas, la disminucion de la confianza que registro el indice de mayo a noviembre se dio con ambos tipos de encuesta (-16,8 puntos con la fija y -16,0 puntos con la movil) y el aumento de la confianza en las encuestas siguientes fue similar (6,6 y 6,4, respectivamente). Se concluye que, usando ambas metodologias, la magnitud de las estimaciones del ICC, y de otros indicadores de interes, no mostraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas en tres de las cuatro encuestas y que tambien reproducen la misma tendencia. EnglishIn May 2019, the methodology of the Consumer Confidence Survey was modified, changing from fixed to mobile telephony, so the previous four surveys were conducted with both methods to investigate the effect on the Consumer Confidence Index (ICC), among other statistics of interest. In three of the surveys no evidence of differences in the magnitudes of the ICC was found. In addition, the decrease in confidence recorded by the index from May to November was with both types of survey (-16,8 points with the fixed and -16,0 points with the mobile) and the increase in confidence in the following surveys was similar (6,6 and 6,4, respectively). It is concluded that, in general, the magnitude of the ICC estimates, and other indicators of interest, is similar using both methodologies and also reproduces the same trend.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47289250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incidencia del estatus migratorio en el ingreso y brechas salariales de género de migrantes costarricenses en el noreste de Estados Unidos","authors":"J. Arroyo-González","doi":"10.15517/rce.v38i1.42574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v38i1.42574","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first study regarding the income of Costa Rican immigrants in the northeast of the United States. The estimations were possible after the submission of a questionnaire during the first semester of 2018. The study shows that the majority of the population lives in New Jersey; that 32% of the population lives under an irregular migratory status; that almost 90% of the population has a job, but women are 11.29% less likely to be employed than men. The study shows that the legal authorization for work in the U.S. does not impact the income of the majority of the population, moreover, it would represent a 29% decrease in the income of men who work in basic-skilled occupations. Also, showed that women receive 23.8% less income than men and there is statistical evidence that supports the existence of a discriminatory component against women.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44469235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emparejamiento entre competencias y empleo en el mercado laboral costarricense","authors":"Laura Cristina Blanco","doi":"10.15517/rce.v37i2.38868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v37i2.38868","url":null,"abstract":"Se utilizA³ la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares 2011-2017 para estimar los tipos de emparejamiento laborales a partir de la definiciA³n de Chevalier (2003). Se estudian los covariantes al tipo de emparejamiento utilizando un anAilisis logit multinomial y se analizan las ecuaciones salariales en funciA³n del tipo de emparejamiento y el nivel de competencias. Para la poblaciA³n ocupada mayor de edad se encuentra una tasa de subcalificaciA³n de 28.9%, mientras que las tasas de aparente y genuina sobrecalificaciA³n son de 13.3% y 0.8%, respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que la subcalificaciA³n se encuentra asociada a un premio salarial de aproximadamente 30%, mientras que la aparente sobrecalificaciA³n y la sobrecalificaciA³n real presentan un castigo promedio equivalente al 35% y 47.5% del salario, respectivamente. Para la poblaciA³n con estudios superiores, el castigo a la aparente y genuina sobrecalificaciA³n se estiman en 38.9% y 49.3%, respectivamente","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44619145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Costa Rica: Estimaciones de la tasa de desempleo que no acelera la inflación","authors":"Cristian Álvarez Corrales, Evelyn Muñoz-Salas","doi":"10.15517/rce.v37i2.40127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v37i2.40127","url":null,"abstract":"espanolEste documento presenta varias estimaciones de la tasa de desempleo que no acelera la inflacion (NAIRU por sus siglas en ingles) para Costa Rica. De los resultados obtenidos, destaca lo siguiente: este indicador muestra una tendencia creciente desde inicios de los noventa, que se acentua posterior a la Gran Recesion, periodo a partir del cual Costa Rica exhibe tasas de inflacion historicamente bajas; las estimaciones de brecha de desempleo (diferencia entre la tasa de desempleo observada y la NAIRU) apuntan a que desde inicios de los noventa y hasta los primeros anos de la decada de los 2000, esta tiende a ser mayormente negativa, y positiva en adelante. Para el segundo trimestre de 2017, las diferentes estimaciones coinciden en senalar que la brecha de desempleo estaba cerrada, indicando la ausencia de presiones de demanda agregada. Asimismo, a partir del ano 2004 se encuentra un fortalecimiento en la relacion entre brecha de desempleo e inflacion. EnglishIn this paper we present estimations of the Non-accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment or NAIRU for the Costa Rican economy. We highlight the following results: The NAIRU displays an upward trend since the early 90s which was accentuated after the Great Recession when the Costa Rican inflation rate exhibits historically low levels; the estimations of the unemployment gap (the difference between the observed unemployment rate and the NAIRU) indicates that this gap was negative in the nineties and the first half of 2000’s but became positive afterwards. At the second quarter of 2017, the different estimates of the unemployment gap coincide in pointing out that this gap was closed, indicating the absence of aggregate demand pressures. In addition, since 2004, there has been a strengthening in the relationship between inflation and the unemployment gap.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46025534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gains from trade: The Costa Rican case","authors":"Alonso Alfaro Ureña","doi":"10.15517/rce.v37i2.40031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v37i2.40031","url":null,"abstract":"One of the oldest and most interesting questions in the economic literature is how to quantify the gains from trade. Recently, Costinot & Rodriguez-Clare (2014) (CRC) developed a methodology that uses the World Input Output Database (WIOD) to compute this value for a list of countries. Costa Rica has never been part of this database given the lack of appropriate data. However, with the publication of a new Input Output Table for Costa Rica, the Foreign Trade Ministry (COMEX) was able to develop a domestic version of the WIOD that includes the country. This paper presents the results of the CRC methodology using this version of the WIOD to compute gains from trade for the Costa Rican economy. Counterfactual exercises that compare the current situation with autarky and other average tariff levels using different productive structures and competition schemes in the economy are also presented. The results can provide valuable information on how much a small open economy like Costa Rica’s can benefit from international trade, and what are the differences in the results when compared to similar countries.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43770987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"El desempeño de los fondos de inversión en Bolivia (2012-2016)","authors":"Alejandro Vargas Sánchez","doi":"10.15517/rce.v36i1.33851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v36i1.33851","url":null,"abstract":"One of the central issues in the portfolio management process, is the task of evaluating the return and risk of an investment. This paper presents for the first time a measurement of the performance achieved by the Mutual Funds in Bolivia. The research uses public information obtained from the Supervision Authority of the Financial System for the period 2012 to 2016. The chosen method is based on the application of performance indicators and the econometric estimation of the market model, in this way the Mutual Funds are plotted according to their equilibrium level stated by the Securities Market Line. Based on the results, it was possible to identify the Mutual Funds that accomplish the best performance.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67288701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alberto Castillo Aroca, Adelaida Patricia Acosta Betancourt
{"title":"Calidad del empleo y migración interna en Colombia en 2015","authors":"Alberto Castillo Aroca, Adelaida Patricia Acosta Betancourt","doi":"10.15517/rce.v36i1.33856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v36i1.33856","url":null,"abstract":"En el presente estudio se calculó un Índice Compuesto de Calidad del Empleo (ICCE) para los de-partamentos de Colombia, distinguiendo entre zonas urbanas y rurales. Para ello, se utilizaron datos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (GEIH) de los años 2014 y 2015. Posteriormente, se em-plearon modelos de regresión de respuesta binaria (logit y probit) para determinar cómo los subín-dices referentes a las dimensiones del ICCE explican la decisión de migrar de la PEA de Colombia a través del país. Los resultados indican que el empleo de calidad predomina en las zonas urbanas, destacándose el liderazgo de Bogotá y Medellín. Por otro lado, los datos obtenidos señalan que tanto el ICCE como sus componentes fueron significativos al momento de explicar los patrones migratorios internos de Colombia.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67288852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}