{"title":"Asimetrías en el traspaso de precios de materias primas en Costa Rica, ¿influye el nivel de competencia?","authors":"Cristian Álvarez Corrales, Manfred Esquivel Monge","doi":"10.15517/rce.v36i1.33855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v36i1.33855","url":null,"abstract":"Se estudia la presencia de asimetrías en el traspaso de precios de materias primas a precios de bienes de consumo en Costa Rica, mediante modelos multiecuacionales estructurales de rezagos distribuidos. Esto en contraposición a la literatura tradicional que emplea modelos VAR censurados, pues estos últimos generan estimaciones del traspaso asintóticamente sesgadas. La evidencia sugiere que el traspaso al índice de precio al consumidor no muestra evidencia de asimetría, pero en productos asociados a trigo, maíz, arroz y fertilizantes el traspaso es asimétrico; además, se encuentra que la asimetría se acentúa en los mercados donde existe alta concentración de oferentes.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67288767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eficiencia técnica relativa en la prestación del servicio de transporte público en Costa Rica. Rutas autobuseras interregionales","authors":"David Navarro-Rodríguez, Jorge Hidalgo-Rojas","doi":"10.15517/rce.v35i2.31753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v35i2.31753","url":null,"abstract":"Este articulo presenta una aplicacion de modelos de frontera para la evaluacion de la eficiencia tecnica relativa del sector regulado del transporte publico en Costa Rica. Se elaboro un modelo de analisis envolvente de datos (DEA) para calcular la eficiencia tecnica relativa en la prestacion de servicio de una muestra de rutas interregionales a nivel nacional, a partir de una encuesta realizada sobre los operadores, por parte de la Autoridad Reguladora de Servicios Publicos (ARESEP) en el ano 2009. Como variables de producto a evaluar se utilizaron los promedios mensuales de pasajeros por kilometro recorrido y de pasajeros por bus. Como variables de insumo se consideraron los gastos devengados en diferentes aspectos clave para la prestacion del servicio. A partir del modelo, se evaluo el desempeno de las 29 rutas y se determinaron los mecanismos de mejora para aquellas clasificadas como ineficientes.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45198686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Propuesta de un instrumento para la calificación, registro y certificación de los consultores ambientales según la ley orgánica del ambiente 7554: caso de estudio de Costa Rica","authors":"R. Vargas","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V35I2.31763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V35I2.31763","url":null,"abstract":"En esta investigacion se comprueba que Costa Rica carece de un instrumento para la calificacion y registro de los consultores ambientales que sea normalizado, sistematizado y que tenga la confianza y reconocimiento de la sociedad civil costarricense. Esta carencia origina, entre otras cosas, una calidad variable de las Evaluaciones de Impacto Ambiental. Como metodologia para la recoleccion e indagacion del objeto de estudio, se estudiaron las normas ISO (relativas a los procesos de calificacion y registro) y se entrevistaron diferentes grupos de expertos a nivel local e internacional. El principal resultado de la investigacion es el diseno de un esquema de calificacion y registro de profesionales que desean ejercer la consultoria ambiental. Las competencias incluidas en el esquema para la evaluar a los profesionales que desean ejercer la consultoria ambiental fueron: educacion, experiencia, formacion y atributos personales. Estas competencias fueron evaluadas para las dos categorias de consultor ambiental consideradas: Coordinador de EIA y Especialista de EIA.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43370786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimación de la tasa de interés real neutral para Costa Rica","authors":"Evelyn Muñoz-Salas, Adolfo Rodríguez-Vargas","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V35I2.31746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V35I2.31746","url":null,"abstract":"Un banco central que utilice la tasa de interes como instrumento de control monetario requiere contar con una estimacion de la tasa de interes real neutral (TIRN) como referencia para tomar las decisiones de politica conducentes a lograr su objetivo de inflacion. Este documento aborda por primera vez la estimacion de la tasa de interes real neutral, utilizando datos de una tasa de politica monetaria para Costa Rica, establecida en junio del 2011 por el Banco Central de Costa Rica como su instrumento de control monetario. Considerando informacion mensual para el periodo 2009-2015 y combinando las estimaciones provenientes de diversas metodologias, la TIRN para Costa Rica se estima en torno a 1,4%.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46049839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mujeres proveedoras: contribución económica de las mujeres que viven en pareja en los hogares costarricenses","authors":"Camila Salazar Mayorga","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V35I2.31750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V35I2.31750","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the economic contribution of married and cohabiting women to the household income, in comparison to the income their partners generate, in Costa Rica. From a perspective of gender roles, human capital theory and female labor participation, this paper examines what variables influence the probability of contribution. Based on data by the 2014 National Household Survey, this study found that 51% percent of married or cohabiting women do not generate any income, which shows there is an unequal economic relationship in half of Costa Rican households and the males assume the breadwinning role. Household chores and the number of children reduce the probability of economic contribution. On the other hand, women with more years of schooling have a higher probability to contribute equally to the couple’s total income.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49497397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Latinoamérica en pisa 2012: factores asociados a la alfabetización matemática","authors":"A. Aráuz","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V1I1.28926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V1I1.28926","url":null,"abstract":"Eight countries in Latin America participated in the PISA 2012 assessment, obtaining poor results in mathematics assessment. In analyzing the factors associated with this performance, the results of this research show that attendance at preschool education plays an important role in the future student performance. Moreover, even controlling for variables traditionally associated with performance as the socioeconomic status of the household or the educational level of parents, this research shows that personal factors have a great importance when explaining the differences in outcomes: self-concept students in the math area, their interest towards mathematics and familiarity with mathematical concepts are variables that were significant to predict scores on the PISA test.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41722922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Balance fiscal estructural Costa Rica 1998 – 2014","authors":"Daniel Rojas","doi":"10.15517/rce.v1i1.29096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v1i1.29096","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a structural fiscal balance for the Costa Rican economy. The structural balance is an ex-post indicator of fiscal policy performance which attempts to contribute to the development of a fiscal rule. In order to derive this indicator the IMF’s general methodology was applied to data from the Costa Rican Ministry of Finance. The elasticities of tax revenues and current expenditure to national output were estimated by means of a simple OLS model while potential output was estimated by means of the Hodrick-Prescott. The article’s main conclusion is that the structural fiscal balance moves in the same direction as that of the output gap.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45992428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probabilidad de corrección súbita de cuenta corriente para Costa Rica: un enfoque de análisis de supervivencia","authors":"Jorge León Murillo, Esteban Méndez-Chacón","doi":"10.15517/rce.v34i2.27316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v34i2.27316","url":null,"abstract":"Using a survival model approach using data panel, an exploratory analysis is made to estimate the probability of a sudden current account correction in Costa Rica. The results show that the estimated probability of a current account reversal decreases when: i) the five years ahead real-growth increases, ii) the external situation of similar countries improves, iii) the economic dependency ratio increases, iv) the world’s GDP percentage for which the country have signed a trade agreement increases, v) reserves accumulation accelerates and vi) the institutional framework becomes more democratic. On the other hand, an increase in the total factor productivity (TFP) growth 5-year ahead raises likelihood of a reversal. The effect of capital controls on the probability showed an ambiguous behavior. Annual data from 1981 to 2012 for 116 countries is used.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67288883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Morera, Andrés Bien Briceño, Mauricio Villalobos Delgado
{"title":"Capacidad de una medida de inflación percibida para predecir el índice de confianza del consumidor, las expectativas de inflación y la inflación en costa rica, 2006-2012","authors":"D. Morera, Andrés Bien Briceño, Mauricio Villalobos Delgado","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27106","url":null,"abstract":"En este estudio se construyo el Indice de Precios Percibidos al Comprador (IPPC) para estimar la inflacion percibida en Costa Rica de julio 2006 a diciembre 2012. Con base en los fundamentos teoricos de Brachinger (2006,2008), se modifico la metodologia del indice de Precios del Consumidor (IPC), dandole un mayor peso a los bienes de la canasta que se compran con mas frecuencia. Se utilizo el IPPC para estimar modelos ARMA y ARDL, donde se evidencio una buena capacidad de pronostico para el IPC de estratos bajos y las expectativas de inflacion. Al comparar el IPC y el IPPC, la diferencia relativa entre los dos indices tiende a ser superior para niveles mas altos de inflacion, siendo mayor el indice propuesto. Ademas, articulos comprados semanalmente como la gasolina, el casado y el transporte en taxi predominan en la media de la variacion interanual mensual del IPPC; mientras que el peso de bienes comprados semestral o anualmente es practicamente nulo.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67288021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efecto de la cultura organizativa en la innovación: Un estudio empírico","authors":"Tomás Vargas-Halabí, Ronald Mora-Esquivel","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27081","url":null,"abstract":"El estudio evaluo la contribucion directa e indirecta de rasgos de cultura organizativa en el desempeno innovador (DI). Para ello, se genero y valido una escala para medir el DI y se adapto y valido la escala de D.O.C.S., aplicadas a 445 profesionales matriculados en programas de maestrias del Instituto Tecnologico de Costa Rica que ocupaban cargos de supervision y gerencia en empresas manufactureras, comerciales y de servicios radicadas en Costa Rica. En el analisis de los datos se empleo el modelaje de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) con constructos latentes. Se utilizo maxima verosimilitud con el programa EQS 6.3 para estimar estadisticos robustos. Tambien, se corroboraron los resultados mediante analisis de sendero al utilizar puntajes escalares ajustados con confiabilidad y al hacer uso de minimos cuadrados ordinarios con Process 2.13. El estudio mostro la influencia positiva de la dimension cultural Mision en la dimension Adaptacion y esta, a su vez, en el DI. Se corroboro el efecto supresor de la dimension cultural proclive a la eficiencia (Consistencia) en el DI. Contrario a lo esperado, la dimension cultural Involucramiento no tuvo un efecto mediador ni directo en el DI.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67288129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}