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Aproximación metodológica para evaluar la efectividad de profesores: estudio de los docentes de la Cátedra Xe0156 Universidad de Costa Rica 评估教师效能的方法论方法:哥斯达黎加大学Xe0156教授的研究
Revista de Ciencias Economicas Pub Date : 2016-12-08 DOI: 10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27323
José Alfonso Muñoz-Alvarado
{"title":"Aproximación metodológica para evaluar la efectividad de profesores: estudio de los docentes de la Cátedra Xe0156 Universidad de Costa Rica","authors":"José Alfonso Muñoz-Alvarado","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27323","url":null,"abstract":"The following article presents a first approach to more precisely measure the effectiveness of a teacher when giving a course in lectures, specifically in this case Introduction to Economics for non-economists. To achieve this, a probit model was used based on the dynamic model of effectiveness and talent developed by Holmstrom (1999), in addition to several control variables. It was possible to order the 18 professors of the chair for the second half of 2015 and also to obtain interesting results of the control variables, such as the optimal size that each group should have.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67288488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
El trabajo en Smith: valor o medida del valor? 史密斯的劳动:价值还是价值的衡量?
Revista de Ciencias Economicas Pub Date : 2016-12-08 DOI: 10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27195
A. Herrera
{"title":"El trabajo en Smith: valor o medida del valor?","authors":"A. Herrera","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27195","url":null,"abstract":"Smith es considerado el padre de la teoria del valor trabajo desarrollada por David Ricardo y Karl Marx y simultaneamente de la teoria de los costos de produccion desarrollada por John Stuart Mill y Alfred Marshall. Esta polisemia se debe en parte a que en su investigacion misma Smith esta desarrollando la terminologia para referirse al valor y la medida del valor, y a menudo la utiliza con imprecision. Esto ha llevado a diferentes interpretaciones sobre su posicion en estos temas, la mayoria de ellas derivadas de un error de interpretacion de Ricardo y Marx.Este articulo revisa los conceptos desarrollados por Smith para formular su teoria del valor (valor, precio real y valor de cambio). Nuestra interpretacion de sus textos sobre el valor no coincide con la que tradicionalmente se ha hecho. De acuerdo con nuestra interpretacion, no seria correcta la critica de Ricardo y Marx a la posicion de Smith sobre el papel del trabajo como medida de valor. Para estos autores, Smith no es consistente al proponer que el valor de una mercancia es definido o medido como la cantidad de trabajo necesaria para producirla y simultaneamente como la cantidad de trabajo que puede ser comprada por esta mercancia. Tratamos de demostrar que para Smith el trabajo tiene un doble papel –como fuente y como medida del valor–, y que a ello se debe la confusion generada por su uso de algunos terminos: Smith propone el trabajo como una medida de valor porque lo concibe como una fuente de valor. Con esta interpretacion queda claro, paradojicamente, que la teoria del valor trabajo de Smith corresponde sustancialmente con la que mas tarde desarrollaran Ricardo y Marx.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67288609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Better off without the euro? Evaluating monetary policy and macroeconomic performance for the u.k. and sweden 没有欧元会更好吗?评估英国和瑞典的货币政策和宏观经济表现
Revista de Ciencias Economicas Pub Date : 2016-12-08 DOI: 10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27330
Stefan Krause Montalbert
{"title":"Better off without the euro? Evaluating monetary policy and macroeconomic performance for the u.k. and sweden","authors":"Stefan Krause Montalbert","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V34I2.27330","url":null,"abstract":"I compare macroeconomic performance, measured by the volatility of real GDP and inflation, for two of the countries that opted not to enter the EMU: the United Kingdom and Sweden. In particular, I am interested in finding out how much of the macroeconomic performance changes experienced by the U.K. and Sweden after 1999 is due to increased efficiency in the conduct of independent monetary policy. Eventually, the objective is to analyze whether or not further changes in macroeconomic volatility could have been attained if these two countries would have instead adopted the Euro starting January 1999.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67288571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evolución de la Eficiencia en el Sistema Bancario Costarricense 2005-2015: Evidencia desde el Análisis Envolvente de Datos 2005-2015年哥斯达黎加银行系统效率的演变:来自数据包络分析的证据
Revista de Ciencias Economicas Pub Date : 2016-12-08 DOI: 10.15517/rce.v34i2.27303
Andrés Salas-Alvarado
{"title":"Evolución de la Eficiencia en el Sistema Bancario Costarricense 2005-2015: Evidencia desde el Análisis Envolvente de Datos","authors":"Andrés Salas-Alvarado","doi":"10.15517/rce.v34i2.27303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/rce.v34i2.27303","url":null,"abstract":"En esta investigacion se estima el nivel de eficiencia tecnica y de escala para el sistema bancario ostarricense para el periodo 2005-2015 mediante la metodologia de Analisis Envolvente de Datos (AED). Las estimaciones se realizan desde la perspectiva de rendimientos variables de escala con variables de holgura desarrollada por Banker, Charnes, y Cooper (1984) y rendimientos constantes de escala esarrollada por Charnes, Cooper, y Rhodes (1978). Los niveles de eficiencia se estiman anualmente de forma individual para cada entidad bancaria para obtener promedios para el sistema total, segmento privado y estatal. Los insumos y productos considerados el modelo fueron definidos de acuerdo al enfoque de intermediacion. Mediante la aplicacion de los modelos AED se concluye que a) no hay evidencia de mejoras en el nivel de eficiencia tecnica y de escala del sistema bancario durante el periodo analizado, b) los bancos mas eficientes fueron el Banco BCT y el Banco General, c) los bancos privados son en promedio mas eficientes que los estatales y d) los bienes de uso neto son el insumo con mayor nivel de holgura.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67288727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Análisis cíclico y modelación econométrica de la mora legal bancaria por actividad económica de 1999-2013 1999-2013年按经济活动划分的法定银行违约的周期分析与计量模型
Revista de Ciencias Economicas Pub Date : 2016-06-29 DOI: 10.15517/RCE.V34I1.25302
Marlon Yong Chacón, Kerry Loaiza Marín
{"title":"Análisis cíclico y modelación econométrica de la mora legal bancaria por actividad económica de 1999-2013","authors":"Marlon Yong Chacón, Kerry Loaiza Marín","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V34I1.25302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V34I1.25302","url":null,"abstract":"We looked for the effect of the fundamental macroeconomic variables (interest rates, exchange rate, production and price level) on the magnitude of bank non-performing loans in Costa Rica, for the period of January 1999 to November 2013. We did a cyclical analysis with the Hodrick-Prescott Filter and econometric modelling with Panel Data, on non-performing loans for its term and economic activity for the entire National Financial System, public and private banks, because they have the bigger proportion of credit given in the nation. The economic activities chosen were: i) agriculture, ii) commerce, iii) construction, iv) consumption, v) industry, vi) services; in the fact that this activities represent the biggest proportion of the credit given to the private sector. There was evidence of a differentiated behavior of non-performing loans depending of its term, time horizon and economic activity, even in its aggregation in the entire System, public and private banks.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67287081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Depreciación del capital humano en la Alianza del Pacífico durante 2007-2014 2007-2014年太平洋联盟人力资本贬值
Revista de Ciencias Economicas Pub Date : 2016-06-29 DOI: 10.15517/RCE.V34I1.24498
Alberto Castillo-Aroca
{"title":"Depreciación del capital humano en la Alianza del Pacífico durante 2007-2014","authors":"Alberto Castillo-Aroca","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V34I1.24498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V34I1.24498","url":null,"abstract":"En el presente trabajo se estimo la tasa de depreciacion del capital humano segun genero, edad, region urbano-rural y sector economico, a traves del metodo propuesto por Neuman & Weiss (1995). Para ello, se emplearon las encuestas de hogares de los paises miembros de la Alianza del Pacifico durante 2007-2014. Los resultados muestran que la variacion interanual de las tasas de depreciacion fueron practicamente nulas durante el periodo observado. Al mismo tiempo, las mujeres, los mayores de cincuenta anos, el sector industrial, el de servicios y las zonas urbanas presentan una mayor vulnerabilidad a la obsolescencia.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67287253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Índice de tensión financiera para Costa Rica 哥斯达黎加的金融紧张指数
Revista de Ciencias Economicas Pub Date : 2016-06-29 DOI: 10.15517/RCE.V34I1.25300
Cristian Álvarez Corrales, C. M. Gómez
{"title":"Índice de tensión financiera para Costa Rica","authors":"Cristian Álvarez Corrales, C. M. Gómez","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V34I1.25300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V34I1.25300","url":null,"abstract":"En este documento se presenta un Indice de Tension Financiera para Costa Rica. Este es un indice sintetico construido utilizando datos semanales de 20 variables del sistema financiero costarricense para el periodo comprendido entre julio de 2008 y marzo de 2014. Los indicadores financieros son ponderados por medio del metodo de componentes principales, donde se supone que la tension financiera es el principal factor responsable por los co-movimientos observados entre estas variables. El indice tiene como objetivo ser una medida contemporanea de la tension en el sistema financiero y se espera que sea parte de los instrumentos analiticos a disposicion de las autoridades economicas, con el fin de evaluar la estabilidad del sistema financiero costarricense. El indice construido identifica diversos episodios de tension financiera experimentados en Costa Rica, especialmente los relacionados con la crisis financiera internacional del ano 2008, la crisis de la deuda europea de los anos 2011 y 2012, y el periodo de altas entradas de capitales a finales de 2012.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67287388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Implementación del Cuadro de Mando Integral en pequeñas empresas: una revisión de literatura 在小型企业中实施计分卡:文献综述
Revista de Ciencias Economicas Pub Date : 2015-12-16 DOI: 10.15517/RCE.V33I2.22227
Estefanie Argüello-Solano, Christian Quesada-López
{"title":"Implementación del Cuadro de Mando Integral en pequeñas empresas: una revisión de literatura","authors":"Estefanie Argüello-Solano, Christian Quesada-López","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V33I2.22227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V33I2.22227","url":null,"abstract":"The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) has been used for performance measurement and strategy management for many years. This literature review analyzed studies about the implementation of the BSC in small companies, identifying implementation cases of BSC reported in small enterprises, factors of influence of small enterprises to implement the BSC model, main stages of implementation of the BSC in small enterprises, and future research lines. As a result 23 papers, 12 academic theses and 8 industry reports were identified. Our results shown that small enterprises can take advantage of its specific characteristics to implement the BSC and the implementation process in small companies may differ from the original BSC implementation process. There is little literature on the implementation of the BSC in small businesses, thus it is necessary additional empirical evidence on the effectiveness of CMI implementations in small businesses.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67287062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
La tercerización y el rendimiento financiero: muestra de empresas estadounidenses, 2000-2009 外包与财务绩效:2000-2009年美国公司样本
Revista de Ciencias Economicas Pub Date : 2015-12-16 DOI: 10.15517/RCE.V33I2.22213
Pedro L. Ortiz Santos, A. H. Juma'h
{"title":"La tercerización y el rendimiento financiero: muestra de empresas estadounidenses, 2000-2009","authors":"Pedro L. Ortiz Santos, A. H. Juma'h","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V33I2.22213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V33I2.22213","url":null,"abstract":"Este estudio evaluo la relacion entre tercerizacion y el desempeno financiero de las empresas en Estados Unidos de Norte America (2000-2009). Con este fin, se calculo el efecto de tercerizacion en dos variables: la rentabilidad y la liquidez. En el primer caso se utilizo el margen operacional antes de interes e impuestos, el retorno sobre activos y el retorno sobre patrimonio; mientras que en el segundo caso, se empleo la razon rapida, la razon de deuda a total de activos y la razon de deuda a patrimonio neto. Se utilizaron los cambios porcentuales en los parametros financieros en el ano de anuncio de tercerizacion (t0) y el ano subsiguiente (t1), los cuales resultaron no significativos (α = 0,05) para las empresas que tercerizan. Tambien, no se encontro diferencias significativas (α = 0,05) en la rentabilidad y liquidez de las empresas con anuncios de tercerizacion y aquellas sin ellos.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67286734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Aplicación del análisis factorial confirmatorio a un modelo de medición del rendimiento académico en lectura 验证性因素分析在衡量阅读学习成绩模型中的应用
Revista de Ciencias Economicas Pub Date : 2015-12-16 DOI: 10.15517/RCE.V33I2.22216
A. Aráuz
{"title":"Aplicación del análisis factorial confirmatorio a un modelo de medición del rendimiento académico en lectura","authors":"A. Aráuz","doi":"10.15517/RCE.V33I2.22216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15517/RCE.V33I2.22216","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to show the differences between exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results obtained with confirmatory factor analysis show that both education and socioeconomic status of the parents of students, as well as material possessions at home are good indicators to measure the latent variable called Socioeconomic Extraction. Moreover, the enjoyment of reading and diversity of reading are good indicators of measurement for the latent variable Personal Attitude of the student, while the student's attitude towards school, which measure attitudes to educational process as a whole and not specifically to the reading is not a good measure for the latent variable of personal attitude. These results suggest that unobservable factors Socioeconomic Extraction, Reading Strategies and personal attitude could be used to assess the causal hypothesis of the effect of these variables on the educational performance of students in the reading test.","PeriodicalId":30863,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Ciencias Economicas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67286822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
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