{"title":"Struktur Komunitas Karang Lunak Pada Kedalaman Berbeda di Teluk Jemeluk Amed, Kabupaten Karangasem, Bali","authors":"Putu Adi Prawira, D. Wiyanto, I. P. Dirgayusa","doi":"10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i02.p16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i02.p16","url":null,"abstract":"Reef is ecosystem in tropical waters which rich of biota constituent, with high species diversity. One of biota that compiler coral reefs are soft corals (Octocorallia, Alcyionacea). The aim of this research is to know the soft coral community structure at different depths and the influence of the limiting factors of soft corals. Soft coral data retrieval is done in 3 observation points. Each depth research carried out by installing 6 transects quadrants through 100 meter transect line parallel to the shoreline. Data retrieval of water quality carried out on site research and laboratory testing. The water quality data taken include; temperature, brightness, salinity, pH, flow velocity, DO, depth, nitrate and phosphate. Retrieving data using the soft coral community structure. The highest density values found in every station a depth of 5 meters and the lowest at each station a depth of 15 meters. According to Odum (1971), the value of diversity in the research area included in the high category of H' ? 3.0, as well as to the value of uniformity in the high category at stations 1 and 3 on each depth of H ? 0.6 and at station 2 for each depth in the low category of E ? 0.4. According to Odum (1971), the value of dominance classified in the high category of 0.75 to 1.00, which means that there are species that dominate that Sinularia flexibillis except at a depth of 15 meters which is rated as moderate dominance. The observation of the condition of the community structure is still relatively good, as the limiting factor in the study area is very suitable for soft corals.","PeriodicalId":30849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42337060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Laurensyelen Wulu Beda Rianghepat, I. W. Nuarsa, Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika
{"title":"Pemetaan Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan Wilayah Pesisir di Kecamatan Bulak, Surabaya Tahun 2014 dan 2020","authors":"Maria Laurensyelen Wulu Beda Rianghepat, I. W. Nuarsa, Ida Bagus Mandhara Brasika","doi":"10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i01.p15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i01.p15","url":null,"abstract":"The coastal area is an intersection between mainland and ocean. The tourism potential in the coastal area of Bulak District in Surabaya is expanded. It is shown by the construction of Surabaya Bridge in 2015. This construction will affect land use change. Remote sensing technology is one of the acquisitions to monitor land use change. This research focuses on identifying the land use change in the coastal area in Bulak District, Surabaya, in 2014 and 2020, as well as to determine the accuracy of classification method applied for mapping the land use change in 2020. The application of 2014 acquisitions data was used as the bridge construction plan, while the application of 2020 acquisitions data was used as the premise for the land classification system in the previous year. There are two methods used to classify land use in coastal areas, that is pixel-based classification (maximum likelihood algorithm) and object-based classification (nearest neighbor algorithm). The research shows that there are 6 land use classes in study area: built-up land, rice fields, forests, shrubs, non-built-up land, and ocean. By applying these two methods, the result shows different area changes. The conversion of the highest mainland by applying a pixel-based classification was found in built-up land (+23.03 ha) and rice fields (-24.84 ha), while the area changes by applying object-based classification method were found in built-up land (+32.75 ha) and rice fields (-26.91 ha), respectively. The accuracy by applying the pixel and object-based method is 89% and 92%, respectively, from the percentage indicates good interpretation.","PeriodicalId":30849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42256759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analisis Sea Level Anomaly Dengan Menggunakan Data Multi Satelit Altimetri Di Perairan Indonesia","authors":"I. G. P. A. Wedangga, I. Dharma, I. N. W. Putra","doi":"10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i01.p14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i01.p14","url":null,"abstract":"Pemanasan global (global warming) menjadi salah satu permasalahan yang saat ini tengah dihadapi dunia. Secara umum global warming merupakan suatu fenomena dimana suhu rata-rata bumi mengalami kenaikan, baik suhu daratan, atmosfer, maupun laut. Sebagai dampaknya pemanasan global dapat menyebabkan perubahan iklim secara global, dan kenaikan permukaan air laut. Kenaikan permukaan air laut merupakan kondisi dimana meningkatnya volume air laut yang disebabkan oleh mencairnya lapisan es di kutub ataupun ekspansi termal. Pada penelitian ini digunakan data Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) dan Sea Surface Temperature (SST) dengan resolusi spasial sebesar 1/4° x 1/4° dan resolusi temporal harian selama 10 tahun (2008 – 2018). Penelitian dilakukan di perairan Indonesia dalam cakupan koordinat 10°LU – 13°LS dan 93°BT – 141°BT, dengan delapan area yang difokuskan untuk menganalisis tren sea level anomaly. Selama kurun waktu 2008 – 2018 terjadi tren positif dari sea level anomaly pada seluruh area penelitian. Kenaikan permukaan laut tertinggi terjadi pada area B (Laut Sulawesi) sebesar 4,788 cm dengan laju kenaikan 0,479 cm/tahun. Secara umum terjadi kenaikan rata rata sebesar 3,686 cm di perairan Indonesia dengan laju kenaikan sebesar 0,369 cm/tahun","PeriodicalId":30849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46141276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samsul Bahri, Hawis H. Madduppa, Agus S. Atmadipoera
{"title":"Keragaman Genetik Penyu Lekang (Lepidochelys olivacea) Dan Kaitannya Dengan Pola Arus Di Perairan Samudera Hindia Dan Perairan Tengah Indonesia","authors":"Samsul Bahri, Hawis H. Madduppa, Agus S. Atmadipoera","doi":"10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i02.p10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i02.p10","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is an important habitat for olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) that it is necessary for sustainable management with respect to biological and ecological aspects as well as its environment. Genetic diversity and connectivity of L. olivacea can be calculated by using mitochondrial DNA analysis approach. The water circulation pattern are greatly affects to the distribution of L. olivacea that can be a transport medium for its migrations. This study aims to determined the genetic diversity of L. olivacea and its relation to water circulation across western and center of Indonesian waters. Samples of L. olivacea were collected in 6 locations across western and center of Indonesian waters from August 2015 to December 2016. The molecular analysis was conducted on control region gen based on 791-bp fragment. The water circulation analysis was performed through INDESO data and visualized by using Ferret software. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there are population connectivity of L. olivacea between western and central Indonesian waters. While population of L. olivacea in Kapoposang Island tend to be different compared to other populations. Genetic diversity analysis showed that L. olivacea from western Indonesia are more higher than center Indonesia. The water circulation analysis suggests that there is an established connection between western and center indonesian waters that connected by Northwest and Southeast seasons current, which the current vector indicates the movement of alternating water throughout Aceh, Pariaman, Panggul, Serangan, Kapoposang Island and Tuafanu populations.","PeriodicalId":30849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48967593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhamad Gilang Arindra Putra, N. P. Zamani, N. M. Natih, Amir Yarkhasy Yuliardi
{"title":"Potensi Sumber dan Sebaran Sampah Laut di Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Perairan Pulau Kelapa, Pulau Kelapa Dua, dan Pulau Harapan, DKI Jakarta","authors":"Muhamad Gilang Arindra Putra, N. P. Zamani, N. M. Natih, Amir Yarkhasy Yuliardi","doi":"10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i02.p09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i02.p09","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution is a threat to coral reefs in Indonesian waters. The number of coral reefs that are in very good condition denies very little compared to the total area of ??coral reefs in Indonesia. One form of pollution that can threaten coral reefs is marine debris. This study aims to identify potential sources of marine debris that can disrupt the health of coral reefs. the research was carried out in the waters of Kelapa Island, Kelapa Dua Island and Harapan Island, DKI Jakarta. The data used includes current data obtained using secondary data, data on the amount of marine debris,and the water base data substrate obtained using the LIT method. The results showed that the waste was thought to come from community activities, tourism and fisheries. The location that can be a source of marine debris in the research location comes from the mainland of Jakarta Bay. The bottom substrate conditions are in the \"bad\" to \"medium\" category. The range of the lowest proportion of live coral cover is 10,8% and the highest live coral cover at 31.1%. The coral reefs in the research location are in a state of worry and their existence is threatened by pollution of marine debris.","PeriodicalId":30849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41683627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuni Debora Prasicilia Sitorus, Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro, A. K. Dewi
{"title":"Identification of Dominant Shark Fins Landed at The Port of Benoa, Bali Based on CO1 Gene","authors":"Yuni Debora Prasicilia Sitorus, Pande Gde Sasmita Julyantoro, A. K. Dewi","doi":"10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i02.p07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i02.p07","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is one of the world's most shark-catching countries. One of the fishery ports that has a by-product of sharks is the Port of Benoa. The purpose of this study was to determine the species and phylogenetic relationship of sharks from dominant fin samples landed at the Port of Benoa, Bali based on the results of morphological identification and DNA barcoding techniques. The study was conducted from January to February 2018 at the Pengawasan Sumberdaya Kelautan dan Perikanan Base (PSDKP) Benoa. This research uses exploration method with survey technique. The data used in this research is primary data of dominant shark fin samples in research location area and secondary data of location where shark caught by fisherman based on PSDKP database. The results showed that by-catch sharks from dominant fin samples at the Port of Benoa, Bali based on morphological identification and DNA barcoding technique were Prionace glauca (Blue Shark) species. The results of phylogenetic analysis of by-catch shark species from dominant fin samples landed at the Port of Benoa, Bali have close relation with Carcharhinidae family. Prionace glauca shark species have an amplified nucleotide base length of 600 pb with similarity reaching 99 values with species present in GenBank.","PeriodicalId":30849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44237110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trisilia Mulyawati Anggraeni, I. P. Dirgayusa, W. Widiastuti
{"title":"Kompossisi komunitas bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan acropora hyacinthus","authors":"Trisilia Mulyawati Anggraeni, I. P. Dirgayusa, W. Widiastuti","doi":"10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i01.p17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i01.p17","url":null,"abstract":"Karang keras merupakan penyusun utama dari ekosistem terumbu karang dan berfungsi sebagai tempat berlindung, berkembangbiak dan mencari makan bagi berbagai makro- dan mikroorganisme laut, salah satunya adalah bakteri yang hidup pada mukus karang. Mukus karang mengandung tidak hanya bakteri yang menguntungkan tetapi juga bakteri yang berpotensi sebagai patogen. Karang A. hyacinthus merupakan salah satu jenis karang yang dibudidayakan karena termasuk komoditas ekspor untuk karang hias, tetapi rentan terjangkit penyakit karang karena bakteri patogen apabila berada pada kualitas perairan yang buruk. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi komunitas bakteri yang berasosiasi pada mukus karang A. hyacinthus. Sampel fragmen karang diperoleh dari 3 koloni karang berbeda dengan ukuran fragmen ± 5 cm. Karang A. hyacinthus berasal dari budidaya karang tradisional di Desa Patas, Kecamatan Gerogak, Kabupaten Buleleng. Isolat bakteri ditumbuhkan pada media Nutrien Agar selama masa isolasi dan pemurnian. Identifikasi isolat bakteri dilakukan dengan uji morfologi dan biokimia. Identifikasi bakteri mengacu pada buku identifikasi Biochemical Tests for Identification of Medical Bacteria 2nd edition. Hasil identifikasi bakteri dari ketiga fragmen karang didapatkan 10 isolat bakteri. Hasil identifikasi isolat bakteri menunjukkan bahwa jenis bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan karang A. hyacinthus adalah genus Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Flavobacterium sp. dan Vibrio sp. Namun, komposisi jenis bakteri yang terdapat pada masing-masing koloni karang berbeda.","PeriodicalId":30849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44882571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hanifa Miranda I.H. Putri, I. W. Arthana, Elok Faiqoh, R. R. Yuneni, Yuniarti K. Pumpun
{"title":"Karakteristik Sosial Ekonomi Nelayan Pemanfaat Hiu Tikus (Alopiidae) di Manggis, Karangasem, Bali","authors":"Hanifa Miranda I.H. Putri, I. W. Arthana, Elok Faiqoh, R. R. Yuneni, Yuniarti K. Pumpun","doi":"10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i02.p14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i02.p14","url":null,"abstract":"Thresher sharks are known to have substantial economic value. They are caught globally as target and as bycatch in tuna fisheries. Due to their declining population, they are listed as an appendix II species on CITES, therefore any form of trade and fisheries related to the species have been nationally and internationally regulated. However, information on thresher shark fisheries in Bali is still limited. This study aims to socio-economically characterize thresher shark fishermen in Manggis, Karangasem. The research was conducted in August 2020 – October 2020 by interviewing 53 out of 119 recorded shark fishermen using a structured questionnaire. Shark fishermen use surface longlines to catch thresher sharks (Alopiidae) in between 3 areas, North Nusa Penida-Karangasem, east Nusa Penida and Bangko-Bangko. The fishermen catch sharks exclusively during the months of June-October and catch tuna the rest of the year. Operational costs for 1 boat ranges between Rp 121.000 – Rp 250.000 during 1 round trip. The income generated from shark fishing each trip averages to about Rp 627.714 per boat. Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, some of the fishermen work jobs in the tourism sector. However, due to the pandemic’s impact on tourism, they have no choice but to be fishermen full time. Although thresher shark fisheries in Manggis are generally small scale, conservation and management strategies need to be implemented to ensure sustainable use of shark resources.","PeriodicalId":30849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47146107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular Identification of Silver-Barb (Barbonymus sp.) Based on COI and Cyt-b gene region from East Java","authors":"Mutiara Rahmawati, A. Mukti, S. Andriyono","doi":"10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i01.p13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i01.p13","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the genetic character of cyprinid fish (Barbonymus sp.) using the mtDNA gene in the COI and Cyt-b gene regions. Samples were collected from the various areas in East Java Province, including Gresik, Mojokerto, Madiun, Malang, and Banyuwangi. The caudal peduncle of the cyprinid fish was used for molecular identification. Isolation and purification of its genomic DNA using the gSYNCTM DNA Extraction kit. We used a polymerase chain reaction machine for template DNA amplification with COI primers, including FishF1 and FishR1, while Cyt-b primers, including GluDG-L and CB2-H. The results showed that all cyprinid fish sequences were successfully amplified with the COI gene of 648 bp and the Cyt b gene of 408 bp. The results of the BLASTN analysis show that there are two species of cyprinid fish that have been found, namely Barbonymus gonionotus and Barbonymus schwanenfeldii, with percentage identities ranging from 99-100%. The species Barbonymus gonionotus was found in five regions (Gresik, Mojokerto, Madiun, Malang, and Banyuwangi), while Barbonymus schwanenfeldii was only found in Malang. The genetic distance value based on the COI gene ranged from 0.00000-0.10694, while the genetic distance value based on the Cyt-b gene ranged from 0.00000-1.15662. Conservation status based on IUCN Red List data, the species Barbonymus gonionotus and Barbonymus schwanenfeldii are included in the Least Concern (LC) category, and these species, according to CITES data, have not been evaluated or Not Evaluated.","PeriodicalId":30849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45226227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jenisia Barros Soares, I. P. Dirgayusa, Ni Luh Putu Ria Puspitha
{"title":"Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata Di Pantai Dolok Oan, Cristo Rei, Dili, Timor Leste","authors":"Jenisia Barros Soares, I. P. Dirgayusa, Ni Luh Putu Ria Puspitha","doi":"10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i01.p11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2022.v08.i01.p11","url":null,"abstract":"Timor – Leste merupakan suatu Negara yang terletak di utara benoa Australia dan selatan Indonesia dengan luas wilayah 14.874 km². Timor – Leste memiliki banyak sumber daya alam salah satunya adalah pantai yang terdapat di Timor – Leste di ibu kota Dili, derada di wilayah Cristo Rei yaitu pantai Dolok Oan. Pantai Dolok Oan merupakan pantai berpasir putih yang memiliki karakteristik pasir, air laut jernih sehingga sangat cocok untuk rekreasi, tetapi belum dimaanfatkan secara optimal. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui indeks kesesuaian wisata di pantai dan untuk mengentahui faktor – faktor pembatas indeks kesesuaian wisata di kawasan pantai Dolok Oan. Penelitian indeks kesesuaian wisata ( IKW ) dilaksanakan di pantai Dolok Oan, Cristo Rei, Dili, Timor – Leste, pada bulan Januari Tahun 2019. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara purposive sampling. Data yang diambil meliputi tipe pantai, lebar pantai, kedalaman perairan, kemiringan pantai, material dasar perairan, kecepatan arus perairan, kecerahan arus perairan, penutupan lahan pantai, biota berbahaya dan ketersediaan air tawar. Faktor pembatas pada IKW pantai Dolok Oan adalah tutupan lahan pantai dan lebar pantai. Nilai IKW untuk kegiatan kategori rekreasi pantai di pantai Dolok Oan sebesar 93,58% tergolong dalam kategori sangat sesuaia (S1) untuk kegiatan wisata pantai.","PeriodicalId":30849,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47517926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}