Folia Historica Cracoviensia最新文献

{"title":"Rywalizacja o władzę między prezydentem Franklinem Delano Rooseveltem a Sądem Najwyższym w USA","authors":"Bohdan Szklarski","doi":"10.15633/FHC.3417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15633/FHC.3417","url":null,"abstract":"1936 brought a lot more than the re-election of president Franklin Delano Roosevelt. It was also a year which brought a broad and radical challenge to the New Deal reform policies. American democracy demonstrated its com­plexity and unfinishedness. The conflict between FDR and the Supreme Court has many dimensions: institutional – conflict between the govern­ment (the president, Congress and the Administration) and the US Supre­me Court over the range of powers of each actor; political – regarding the accountability of political elites; socio-economic – regarding the direction of development of American democracy; philosophical – over the meaning of liberty; legal – regarding the separation of powers between the levels of government; personal – between persons and personalities represen­ting divergent visions of power; and historical – reviving the constitutional debates from the early republic. For some, the clash between FDR and the USSC touched the very essence of the representative democracy. After a year, the level of tensions subsided and all parties were scarred, yet the po­litical system as such demonstrated its resilience. Its outcome to these days serves as a pretext for deliberations about the relations between leaders and followers. Events in America may be useful for all countries where the auto­nomy of the judicial branch of government becomes a political issue.","PeriodicalId":30842,"journal":{"name":"Folia Historica Cracoviensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48877825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"„Kelnerska dyktatura…”. Walka organizacji gastronomicznych w Warszawie i Lublinie w 1919 roku na łamach prasy lokalnej","authors":"A. Jakimowicz","doi":"10.15633/FHC.3596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15633/FHC.3596","url":null,"abstract":"Poland’s regaining of independence in 1918 contributed to increased activi­ty of workers’ movements. Employees who wanted improved working con­ditions, normalised work hours and increased wages in many cases organi­sed demonstrations to achieve their goals. Members of the Trade Union of Waiters with the central office in Warsaw, who could not communicate with the stubborn owners of restaurants and cafes, undertook atypical forms of striking, which sometimes became a threat to the health and lives of the customers. Members of the Lublin branch, following the example of the wa­iters from Warsaw, organised many protests in restaurants, at the same time disputing with their employers in the local press.","PeriodicalId":30842,"journal":{"name":"Folia Historica Cracoviensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67142338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomia zamachu politycznego: zabójstwo kardynała Jerzego Utiešenovicia (Martinuzziego) i jego konsekwencje","authors":"Viktor Kanász","doi":"10.15633/FHC.3414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15633/FHC.3414","url":null,"abstract":"On 17 December 1551 on the grounds of alleged treason, soldiers of Chief Sergeant Sforza Pallavicini and Giovanni Battista Castaldo, the head of Fer­dinand I’s army, killed the Pauline monk, Archbishop of Esztergom, and Vo­ivode and Governor of Transylvania, Primate Gyorgy Frater (Martinuzzi/ Utyaszenich) in his castle at Alvinc. It all happened after the monarch himself had recommended Frater, one of the most prestigious politicians of the contemporary Kingdom of Hungary, for the red hat to Pope Julius III. This controversial act created a stir throughout the Christian world, and it had an effect on not only the subsequent history of the Kingdom of Hungary, but also on the relations between the Habsburgs and the papacy, as Ferdinand I was only tempora­rily absolved from excommunication. Regarding the murder, an investiga­tion was launched headed by Nuncio Girolamo Martinengo, during which 139 statements were recorded and numerous letters and letter extracts were collected, which form a unique source collection on the relations between Hungary, the Habsburg Empire and the papacy. As well, they provide the opportunity to explore not only the life of Frater, but also Hungary’s con­temporary internal politics, its relations with the Habsburgs and the Otto­man Empire, the informational channels, and finally the subjects’ farming methods. The investigation was closed in 1555 with the final exoneration of Ferdinand and his soldiers. The paper introduces the reasons for the assas­sination, the death of Gyorgy Frater and the ensuing investigation of the Holy See.","PeriodicalId":30842,"journal":{"name":"Folia Historica Cracoviensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49251975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Nie) wprowadzanie zaleceń Drugiego Soboru Watykańskiego na Słowacji (historia i działanie świeckich ruchów i stowarzyszeń)","authors":"Damina Saraka","doi":"10.15633/FHC.3415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15633/FHC.3415","url":null,"abstract":"Church movements and lay associations are one of the admirable fruits of the Second Vatican Council. However, it was not simple to inject the recommendations and regulations of the council into the life of the Catho­lic Church. In Eastern Europe and especially in former Czechoslovakia the Catholic Church had to confront a massive external conflict against totalitarian communist regimes which openly restrained implementing the fruits of the council into practical life. The Greek Catholic Church, which was prohibited by the totalitarian regime in Czechoslovakia for 18 years, became caught in the centre of that conflict. Despite the period of darkness and many conflicts, there came a period of freedom and blos­soming of new movements and communities, which involve new forms of communication with modern people and answer their need for strong and personal experiences with God. However, also in the middle of the free society and continuous activity and blossoming of movements there are internal conflicts, which are the consequence of adolescence, deve­lopment of structures and applying of charismas of particular movements and communities in the Catholic Church environment. It is the period of adolescing to ‘Church maturity’ which cannot be without conflicts. Despi­te the conflicts, church movements and lay associations are the answer to dramatic calls of the present-day period induced by The Holy Spirit.","PeriodicalId":30842,"journal":{"name":"Folia Historica Cracoviensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46746461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translacja klasztoru jako element reformy życia wewnętrznego (na przykładzie klasztoru kanoników regularnych w Żaganiu)","authors":"Z. Witczak","doi":"10.15633/FHC.3419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15633/FHC.3419","url":null,"abstract":"The location in which a church was based played an important role in the life of religious communities in the Middle Ages. Interactions with society and the mutual influence of a monastery on the surrounding societies could support or inhibit the development of an abbey. There were situations when monks were moved to serve in different locations. In Silesia, we have two examples of canons regular monasteries. Both the monastery of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Wroclaw and the convent of Żagan were originally located in other places. As described in the monastery chronicle, the transfer of the monastery from Nowogrod Bobrzanski to Żagan in 1284 was an event that opened new opportunities and perspectives for the abbey.","PeriodicalId":30842,"journal":{"name":"Folia Historica Cracoviensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49327475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sprawa następstwa tronu po Bolesławie V Wstydliwym, księciu krakowskim i sandomierskim","authors":"Karolina Supernak","doi":"10.15633/FHC.3323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15633/FHC.3323","url":null,"abstract":"Boleslaw the Chaste, the prince of Cracow did not have children, perhaps as a result of the weddings of chastity he made with his wife. In 1265, prince Boleslaw, probably during the illness, adopted his relative – Leszek the Black – and made him the successor to the throne in Cracow. The second title of Leszek to the throne was the election of the mighty. During the Piast period, in the Cracow-Sandomierz Duchy, the ruling prince was elected. The first such elected ruler of Cracow, called princeps, was Kazimierz the Just and then his minor son Leszek the White. Successive monarchs were also elected by electionbut, the elections were maintained in the Piast dynasty and were usually only a confirmation of the election, as in the case of Leszek the Black. Boleslaw selected Leszek among others because they had starded to cooperate with him during the war between Bohemia and Hungary. Leszek the Black as the heir of the Chaste married Gryfina, the niece of Kinga. It seems that the mighty have accepted the decision of Boleslaw on the succession of the throne.","PeriodicalId":30842,"journal":{"name":"Folia Historica Cracoviensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46692960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Przyczynek do dziejów ołtarza cechu sukienników w kościele farnym w Bieczu","authors":"M. Kotulska","doi":"10.15633/FHC.3320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15633/FHC.3320","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a short outline of the history of the Corpus Christi Collegiate Church in Biecz, which constitutes only an introduction to a wider discussion of the main subject of the text, i.e. the history of the altar and the chapel of the Biecz clothiers’ guild. It is currently held that St. Catherine’s and St. Michael’s chapel was owned by the guild. However, the earliest sources concerning the investigated subject contain a mention of the original Corpus Christi altar founded by the guild. This inconsistency is presumably caused by the co-existence of two guild foundations, initially the Corpus Christi altar, and later the entire chapel. It should also be emphasized that they were located in two different places inside the Biecz parish church. The author did not find any evidence which would suggest that the first altar could survive until today. The article has been enhanced by a source edition: The elders of the clothiers’ guild of the town of Biecz notify Cardinal Frederic of the foundation and provision of the Corpus Christi alter in the Biecz parish church of 1483. The document is stored in the National Archive in Krakow.","PeriodicalId":30842,"journal":{"name":"Folia Historica Cracoviensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49191666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sławomir Filipek, Obraz Matki Bożej Śnieżnej w Tokarni: studium nad ikonografią „Salus Populi Romani”, Wydawnictwo Muzeum Archidiecezjalne Kardynała Karola Wojtyły w Krakowie, Kraków 2017, ss. 135","authors":"Jakub Pieczara","doi":"10.15633/FHC.3326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15633/FHC.3326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30842,"journal":{"name":"Folia Historica Cracoviensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44716382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infanticide and the Conflicts in Early Modern South Bohemia (1690–1710). Five Women from Jindřichův Hradec","authors":"Pavel Stůj","doi":"10.15633/FHC.3322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15633/FHC.3322","url":null,"abstract":"Early Modern Child-Murder Investigations Were Characterized by Many Conflicts and Struggles on Different Levels of the Social Organization. Sources like broadside ballads or pamphlets highlighted the infanticide as a matter of considerable public concern. There the conflict between idea of early modern motherhood and family life and the everyday life of single-mothers dealing with unwanted children was apparent. These moralizing pamphlets were describing virtues of motherhood like self-sacrifice, solicitude, economic and social responsibility and on the other hand authors criticized murdering mothers. Finally, conflicts, antipathy and personal confrontations between members of the family and sexual partners can be traced in these sources. Events prior the crime can be characterized by disagreements between sexual partners, violence and verbal abuse. This contextual analysis of conflicts in five infanticide proceedings from south Bohemia (1690–1710) is the centre of the paper.","PeriodicalId":30842,"journal":{"name":"Folia Historica Cracoviensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47028136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zachowane baldachimy procesyjne na terenie Małopolski z wieku XVII i XVIII","authors":"Szymon Tracz","doi":"10.15633/FHC.3324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15633/FHC.3324","url":null,"abstract":"During 17th and 18th centuries processional canopies took a form of a decorative canopy usually made of fabric stretched on a frame, attached to ornamental poles. As a result, this construction enabled people to carry those canopies. First of all, processional canopies were used during theophoric processions. Such canopies were usually made of non-durable materials, and, therefore, only a few of them are still preserved. Based on information provided in various archival sources as well as remaining examples of processional canopies, one can divide them, due to their shape, into two types. The first type that is also the most numerous are canopies with a wooden or metal frame on a rectangular projection that is close to the square, with two or four poles. The second type are oval canopies in the shape of an umbrella, set on single poles, with an example of the 18th-century canopy in Bielany near Kety. In both types, the most important decorative element was fabric stretched on a frame that formed an inside ceiling of a canopy as well as its top, also forming its sides with a frill or pelmet. Generally, the inside ceiling and the top of the canopy were made of two different kinds of fabrics. The top of the canopy was usually flat, but there were examples of more dynamic forms, e.g. a canopy from the 2nd half of 18th century in Kacwina. Also, some decorative elements such as braids, laces, fringes, tapes, embroideries and tassels were used. Canopy poles were carved and painted. The best examples of a classic baroque canopy are the oldest remaining canopy in Lesser Poland dated approximately for 1663 in Polanka Wielka and a canopy made of the 17th-century fabric in the church of St. Anna in Krakow. Sometimes the top of a canopy was surrounded with openwork, a richly carved and gilded frame, such as a canopy from the 3rd quarter of the 18th century in Krzywaczka or in the church of St. Anna in Nowy Targ (2nd half of 18th century). An interesting type of canopies were the canopies made entirely of wood and decorated with painted and gilded woodcarvings. The examples of such canopies include the canopies preserved in Spisz, in the church in Frydman (2nd half of 18th century), in Krempachy (2nd half of 18th century) and Trybsz and, last but the least, a well-known from archival photographs but currently non-existing canopy from the end of the 18th century in Łapsze Nizne. The most important decorative elements of these canopies are richly carved and gilded wooden frames with their tops made of fabric or plank. The second type of canopies in the shape of an open and folded umbrella is represented by a currently non-existent 18th-century umbrella in Bielany near Kety. The canopies from the following two centuries mostly took a shape based on a simple wooden frame with a textile top and straight sides or on a form of a pelmet. Also, there are examples of canopies in which wood ­carvings are added to the textile elements.","PeriodicalId":30842,"journal":{"name":"Folia Historica Cracoviensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48677015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}