International Journal of Business Economic Development最新文献

{"title":"Insights from behavioural economics to enhance the environmental dimension of sustainable development","authors":"I. Ismail, Egypt Maritime Transport, Abeer Mohamed Ali Abd Elkhalek","doi":"10.24052/IJBED/V09N01/ART-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/IJBED/V09N01/ART-02","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals everywhere and every day take decisions and make choices that affect the environment either positively or negatively. By understanding and analysing the determinants and incentives of humans' decision-making process, behavioural economics helps change behaviours toward more sustainable practices using efficient and well- designed policies. Using a survey targeting 4000 households' participants from 11 Egyptian governorates in 2019, the paper explores attitudes' determinants and behaviour's motivations concerning environmental concerns, which- in turn- help policymakers to design effective policies considering households' attitudes. Using a structural equation model, the paper examines the critical links among attitudes, values, and behaviours related to sustainability. It provides empirical evidence from a data set collected from the surveyed sample. The paper also indicates how insights and tools from behavioural economics could help understand attitudes, values, and behaviours. The current study builds on contemporary literature and develops last research to explore how behaviour economics helps policymakers design cost-effective policies to change behaviours toward sustainable environmental practices. The results indicated that behavioural economics has a minimal role in designing sustainable development policies and environmental interventions in Egypt- as a developing country- and showed that there is an overall willingness to change the way of thinking toward more environmentally friendly choices, specifically if policy interventions derive the behaviours in that direction. Finally, many essential recommendations and policy implications were concluded to develop public policies according to environmental sustainability considerations.","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":"09 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42078001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): Implications in geo-strategy and geo-politics","authors":"Rahul Gupta Choudhury","doi":"10.24052/IJBED/V09N01/ART-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/IJBED/V09N01/ART-04","url":null,"abstract":"China is a very interesting country, and the entire world is looking at it. This is not only because of its spectacular rise in the world stage and the fact that it has become one of the largest markets in the world. China has become a superpower economically as well as militarily. Simultaneously it has a penchant for doing things differently – from the established norms and practices, as followed primarily by the West. It is likely that China will be in a position to challenge USA shortly as the number one power in the world. It is also likely that China will soon be influencing world events in a major way. These are the primary reasons for undergoing this study. The specific objective is to understand in detail one of the grandest and most ambitious schemes floated by any country in modern times - that of the Belt and Road Initiative by China. The author is sure that this project will have a very substantial impact on the strategies and politics of the entire world. The originality of this study is that it takes a macro-view of the entire initiative and dissects the implications for each major region of the entire world - in terms of strategy as well as politics. It wishes to connect Asia and Europe and also bring Africa into the project and thus form a unified market known as Afro-Eurasia. China, also known as PRC (People’s Republic of China), has developed tremendously in the past few decades and has now spare capacities as well as resources. So, it has initiated the project BRI wherein they are giving loans to underdeveloped countries to build infrastructure of these nations. There are two primary routes which PRC aims to develop. One of them is the land route called the BELT, which connects Europe to China over land. The other is the maritime route through the oceans which again connects the Eastern parts of China right up to Europe – and including Africa in between. The countries along these routes are being helped by China to develop their infrastructure like railways or seaports so that they may also emerge as modern logistics and distribution hubs for transporting goods between China and Europe. PRC thus ensures that it receives its continuous supply of energy requirements and other commodities for consumption. It will also be able to increase its exports right up to Western Europe through these routes which will save them a lot of time and costs also. Some nations are however skeptical about the real intentions of China. These countries think that China is emerging as a major superpower of the world and one day, it might want to dominate this part of the world entirely. Whether China has military intentions or not will be clear sometime later. As of today, China claims that its intentions are completely peaceful.","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45590876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro and macroeconomic determinants of profitability of conventional banks and stock performance using Tobin’s Q ratio: Evidence from the banking sector of Pakistan","authors":"J. Rolle, Bushra Javed, Gobind M. Herani","doi":"10.24052/ijbed/v08n02/art-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/ijbed/v08n02/art-05","url":null,"abstract":"The financial sector is the key player to enhance sustainable economic growth. Commercial banks play an important role to improve the performance of the financial sector of the economy and their profitability is closely connected to the soundness of the entire economy. The purpose of this study is to determine the internal determinants (bank-specific) and external determinants (macro-economic) of profitability. In this regard, the study adopted a quantitative research design by using the panel data of 17 commercial banks of Pakistan over the period of 2014-2018. Internal factors analyzed in this study were Liquidity, Size, and Capital Adequacy. While external factors were Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Inflation. The data was analyzed by using simple OLS regression and Tobin’s Q ratio. The analysis showed that GDP has a significant impact on profitability. However, inflation has no impact on profitability. Tobin’s Q ratio of most of the banks is increasing which depicted their equilibrium position. Based on the findings, the study recommended some policies that will encourage banks to reduce credit risk and minimize their liquidity holdings. Moreover, the Government should take the proper initiatives to enhance the confidence of investors towards the stock market.","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43015534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of remittances on household poverty","authors":"O. Iyemifokhae","doi":"10.24052/ijbed/v08n02/art-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/ijbed/v08n02/art-04","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015, the inflow of international remittances to Nigeria stood at $20.5 billion (World Bank, 2016). This represents 3.5% of the global flow and 58.5% of the Sub-Saharan Africa’s estimate. In spite of this increased flow, household poverty has remained pervasive in Nigeria. Previous studies have focused on the impact that aggregate remittances have on household poverty without considering the roles of the different types of remittances (cash, food and other remittances) on household poverty in Nigeria. This study was, therefore, designed to analyse the impact of the various types of remittances on household poverty across the rural and urban areas and the six geo-political zones of Nigeria. The study was premised on consumption theory which incorporates remittances as a form of income that affects household consumption. The methodology was similar to that of Mukherjee and Benson (2003). In this study, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) was used to estimate the mean of the per capita expenditures (which were compared with the absolute poverty line) of remittance-receiving households against households, community and regional profiles. Probit regression was used as robustness checks on the OLS estimates. In order to examine the effect of endogeneity, the Heckman’s two-stage estimation technique was deployed. The impact of aggregate, cash, food and other remittances on household poverty are chequered in rural, urban and across the six geo-political zones. These impacts are felt strongly in the rural and urban areas as well as in the North Central, South East and South West zones than in other geo-political zones of Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48043964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating risk-based selection methods for tax audits in Poland","authors":"M. Hybka, Poland Business","doi":"10.24052/ijbed/v08n02/art-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/ijbed/v08n02/art-02","url":null,"abstract":"Penalty rates and probability of fraud detection are among the most important factors shaping taxpayer’s compliance. While the first of those factors may be directly controlled by tax authorities the second is usually indirectly influenced by the amount and efficiency of resources employed to detect tax evasion (Allingham, Sandmo 1972, p. 330). In order to increase fraud detection rate tax authorities may implement diversified strategies. They include inter alia the application of various methods to select taxpayers for tax audits. In most of the cases these methods are used interchangeably or complement each other. Although applied quite often in practice by tax authorities they are comparatively rarely addressed by the economists in their publications. In fact, literature sources on this topic are sparse and published mainly by the OECD. One of the methods used to select taxpayers for tax audits is based on the so-called external risk areas. In Poland, this method was introduced shortly after accession to the European Union as a tool of the external risk management strategy in the public administration. Both this strategy and audit targeting tools have evolved tremendously since its first implementation. This article attempts to evaluate the application of external risk areas to select taxpayers for tax audits in Poland. The author uses various indicators to measure the efficiency of tax audits and compare this efficiency taking into account different tax audit selection methods.","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45469469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Inclusive entrepreneurship: A critical look at the inclusion of persons with disabilities\"","authors":"J. Rolle, J. Kisato, P. Rock, Jacqueline Winstanley, United Kingdom Universal Inclusion","doi":"10.24052/IJBED/V08N02/ART-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/IJBED/V08N02/ART-01","url":null,"abstract":"There have been many definitions of inclusion as it relates to the underserved and economic empowerment through entrepreneurship, but few of these definitions have focused specifically on persons with disabilities. Purpose of Research- Many studies have looked at increasing economic empowerment through entrepreneurship for women, minorities, youth, seniors, immigrants, and rural residents throughout literature. The gap is, however, the lumping of all these categories has led to overlooking of specific challenges faced by persons with disabilities. This oversight on economic inclusivity has been magnified especially during the Coronavirus pandemic. Design/ Methodology- This study reviews literature in search of evidence to document programs, projects, and policies used in both developed and developing countries to address the overall challenges of inclusive entrepreneurship. The paper explores several entrepreneurial studies on the inclusivity of business ecosystems in the UK, USA, Sub-Saharan Africa, and India. It highlights public-private partnerships and impact investment as it relates to challenges in increasing inclusivity in businesses. Results/Findings- It was evident that there are many government policies and programs to support entrepreneurship in the USA, UK, Sub-Saharan Africa, and India, but limited empirical studies have been documented to evaluate the impact of these policies on entrepreneurship for persons with disabilities. Some of the challenges cited in the literature included gender gap, cost of doing business, and the likelihood to be funded to launch a business as common dominant factors reported on the issue of inclusion. Practical implications and Conclusions-The authors find that there are much more empirical research and analyses warranted in the study of entrepreneurship inclusion and empowerment of the underserved, especially for persons with disabilities. A continue reviewing literature and use quantitative and qualitative research such that additional programs, projects, and policies may be developed to serve all inclusively.","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":"78 1-2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73029314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of public debt on economic growth in Nigeria: An empirical analysis 1981 - 2018","authors":"Alagba Ochuko S., Eferakeya Idowu","doi":"10.24052/ijbed/v07n02/art-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/ijbed/v07n02/art-02","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effect of public debts on economic growth of Nigeria for the period of thirtyeight (38) years, 1981 to 2018. Relevant secondary data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical bulletin and Debt Management Office. Among the objectives of the study is to: analyze the effect of domestic debts on the economic growth of Nigeria and evaluate the effect of foreign debts on the economic growth of Nigeria. The findings showed that domestic debts of the Federal government of Nigeria is positive and statistically significant to economic growth of Nigeria while foreign debts contribute less to the economic growth of the country. Cost of debts servicing is significant and has a negative effect on economic growth. Corresponding author: Alagba Ochuko S Email address for corresponding author: emurovwo@gmail.com First submission received: 10th June 2019 Revised submission received: 27th August 2019 Accepted: 9th September 2019","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44341551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-economic developments under ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ of China: Regional and global dimensions (Pakistan, a Case in Point)","authors":"Bashir Ahmad, Maawra Salam, Anita Laila, S. Rizvi","doi":"10.24052/ijbed/v07n02/art-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/ijbed/v07n02/art-03","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental theme of ‘economic growth driven concept’ introduced by China through ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ is to connect the business world in the contemporary environments of today and in times to come. Business and trade are fundamental to all economic pursuits of communities and societies. The people being more quality consciousness are looking for better, affordable and easily available products. This implies that in times to come, firms producing goods and services would require to be more competitive, innovative and agile to come up-to the standards of consumers. That is possible when they are better connected in people to people and state dimensions for sustaining growth of business and trade. The spirit behind Chinese Initiative of creating a network of roads and track appears to be idealized for mutual businesses where all stakeholders have win-win positions. The economic and social growth is the idea behind this initiative and countries especially those involved through corridors have very important roles to play for its ultimate success. ‘Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has two main components; one is ‘Silk Road Economic Belt’ and second ‘Maritime Silk Road’ covering land and sea voyage respectively. It covers Europe, Africa, Eurasia, Middle east, South East Asia and East Asia. Pakistan becomes its part through China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The paper aims at analyzing BRI with respect to its economic benefits to the states and social cohesion through business communications and interactions. It is based on secondary data about BRI and related economic corridors. Its analysis is based on mix methodology, corroborating quantitative and qualitative aspects. In its findings, the paper provides avenues of socio-economic developments of participating states and implications on cultural aspects as well as challenges. In its concluding parts, it also invites further studies to continue providing more academic insights to the readers. Corresponding author: Bashir Ahmad Email address for corresponding author: Bashirahmad.bukc@bahria.edu.pk First submission received: 7th May 2019 Revised submission received: 28th July 2019 Accepted: 9th September 2019","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45517844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of remittances on household investment in Nigeria","authors":"Ohiomoje Iyemifokhae Abubakar, Abiodun O. Folawewo","doi":"10.24052/ijbed/v07n02/art-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/ijbed/v07n02/art-05","url":null,"abstract":"Remittances are monetary and non-monetary items that migrants send to members of their respective families and communities in their countries of origin. Several studies have argued that remittances rarely fund productive investment while others argued otherwise. Previous studies have focused on the impact of the aggregate remittances on households’ investment without considering the roles of the different types of remittances like aggregate, cash, food and other remittances on households’ investment in Nigeria. This study was therefore designed to analyse the impact of the various types of remittances on households’ investment in the rural areas, urban areas and in the geo-political zones of Nigeria. Data were obtained from the Harmonised Nigerian Living Standard Survey of 2009/2010. The study was premised on the Investment Theory. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique was used in estimating the model and probit regression was used as robustness check of the OLS estimate. Instrumental variable test was used to verify the existence of endogeneity in the model. The impacts of the aggregate, cash, food and other remittances on households’ investments are chequered in the rural areas, urban areas and in the geo-political zones of Nigeria. Corresponding author: Ohiomoje Iyemifokhae Abubakar Email address for corresponding author: ohiomoje@yahoo.com First submission received: 21st July 2019 Revised submission received: 6th September2019 Accepted: 30th September 2019","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46053424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption of green jobs in Mauritius: drivers and challenges","authors":"S. Bhiwajee, Rebecca P M Docile","doi":"10.24052/ijbed/v07n02/art-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/ijbed/v07n02/art-06","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the drivers and challenges faced by Mauritian organisations in implementing green jobs. Data was collected through online questionnaires to companies in six major sectors of the economy to identify their level of awareness, to investigate their readiness to embark into green jobs while at the same time, assess the drivers and the challenges. The results showed that the implementation of green jobs in Mauritius is at an early stage and that much needs to be done. Furthermore, Spearman rho correlation found no relation between sector activity and the level of awareness. Moreover, regardless of the sector that the companies are; they face the same difficulties to implement green jobs. The study however showed that firms that do not have green jobs, do engage in green practices like the use of renewable energy, minimising pollution and maximising the use of day light. The major drivers identified were customer preferences and government regulations while the major challenges which emerged were costs and the lack of trained employees. Based on the findings, recommendations were made with respect to the enhancement of existing regulations and policies, subsidisation of costs and dispensing of training programmes to stakeholders concerned Corresponding author: S D Lukea Bhiwajee Email address for corresponding author: sbhiwajee@umail.utm.ac.mu First submission received: 4th July 2019 Revised submission received: 27th September 2019 Accepted: 10th October 2019 Introduction Growing concern about environmental problems during the past years has made “go green concepts” important for businesses (Yi Yong & Mohd-Yusoff, 2016). In fact, the term ‘green jobs’ was first introduced as an amendment to the Workforce Investment Act on a pilot basis in USA, it was then defined in the Green Jobs Initiative in 2008 by the UNEP (Renner, M; Sean, S; Jill., K, 2008) to assess, analyse and promote further green jobs through environmental policies in both developing and developed countries (Jarvis, et al., 2011). The expansion of renewable energy, making buildings and industry more energy efficient, and the need to produce fuel efficient vehicles are core components of a new policy conversation taking place in various countries thus giving \"green job\" an iconic status (Sweeney, 2009). At the same time, unemployment is now a major challenge worldwide with about 172 million people being unemployed in 2018 globally, with the youth being among those most affected. (ILO, 2019). Thus, the challenge for economies at the dawn of this 21st century is not only to provide jobs to the current and future generations, but to also ensure that jobs provided are “green” so that those concerned are provided with a sustainable living, in line with the Sustainable Development Goal 8 which is about International Journal of Business and Economic Development, Vol. 7 Number 2 November 2019 www.ijbed.org A Journal of the Centre for Business & Economic Research (CBER) 61 prom","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43603427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}