International Journal of Business Economic Development最新文献

{"title":"The crowding effects of foreign direct investment on domestic investment: Evidence from Asia","authors":"Nurul Azwanie Binti Budang, Taufik Abd Hakim","doi":"10.24052/ijbed/v07n02/art-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/ijbed/v07n02/art-04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper intends to investigate the impacts and consequences of the inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Domestic Investment (DI) by the occurrence of the financial crisis (before, during and after Asia financial crisis) in Asia. The data were collected from 1993 to 2001 and separated into three subperiods of 1993-1995 (Before Asia Financial Crisis), 1996-1998 (During Asia Financial Crisis) and 19992001 (After Asia Financial Crisis), consisting of 38 Asian countries. In this paper, we estimated the data using the balanced panel data of Fixed Effects (FE) and Random Effects (RE) estimators with the existence of Instrumental Variables (IV). The general empirical finding found that FDI has crowded out (negative) effect on DI for all sub-periods where sub-periods during and after the Asia financial crisis showed significant results. Thus, this study concludes that the inflow of FDI is not statistically significant and harmful for DI before the Asia financial crisis. However, the impact of FDI is significant but negatively correlated with DI for the case of during and after the Asia financial crisis. Therefore, this study reveals that different economic conditions influence the inconsistent significance or not significant impact of FDI on DI in Asian countries. Corresponding author: Nurul Azwanie Binti Budang Email address for corresponding author: nurulazwanie94.na@gmail.com First submission received: 5th May 2019 Revised submission received: 31st July 2019 Accepted: 26th August 2019","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":"07 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43536459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of entry modes of Foreign Direct Investment towards unemployment: Evidence from Asian countries","authors":"Meldebra Hilom-Polinon, Taufik Abd Hakim","doi":"10.24052/ijbed/v07n02/art-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/ijbed/v07n02/art-01","url":null,"abstract":"This study attempts to examine the impact of entry modes of foreign direct investment (FDI) namely Greenfield investment and Brownfield investment towards unemployment in 25 Asian countries over the period of 2006 – 2015 (10 years) where the countries were divided into three groups: total, developing and developed Asian countries. The Breuch-Pagan Lagrange Multiplier test has been used to determine whether Ordinary Least Square or Fixed Effect-Instrumental Variables is appropriate for this study. In order to avoid the endogeneity problem that usually occurs in the panel data analysis, this study includes instrumental variables in the fixed effect estimators. The results depict mixed findings where both total and developed Asian countries are negatively significant between FDI and unemployment while both of the entry modes are insignificant. However, for the case of developing Asian countries, this study found insignificant and positive relationship between FDI and unemployment, while both entry modes of FDI were negatively significant towards unemployment. Thus, this study concludes that the entry modes of FDI are significant to reduce unemployment in developing Asian countries compared to developed Asian countries. Corresponding author: Meldebra Hilom-Polinon Email address for corresponding author: meldebrastephen@gmail.com First submission received: 12th May 2019 Revised submission received: 31st July 2019 Accepted: 26th August 2019 1.0 Introduction Foreign direct investment is one of the fuels to the economic growth which it enhances private investment, encourage job creation, knowledge and technological labour skills transfer (Lloyd, 1996). The UNCTAD (2017) reported that the Asian region remains as the largest recipient of foreign direct investment in the world in 2017. Correspondingly, identifying the significance of foreign investors and also examining the effect of the foreign direct investment on the economy has become one of the major attractions for many parties. Basically, domestic investments and foreign investments are able to reduce the unemployment rate by creating more job opportunities in the host countries (Ndikumana & Verick, 2008). According to OECD (2002), foreign direct investment inflow consists of two entry modes namely Greenfield investment and Brownfield investment. Greenfield investment is constructing or creating new businesses in the host countries and for Brownfield investment it consists of merging or buying an existing facility (acquisition). In simply meaning, both Greenfield investment and Brownfield investment are part of foreign direct investment. Moreover, foreign direct investments have been considered as being International Journal of Business and Economic Development, Vol. 7 Number 2 November 2019 www.ijbed.org A Journal of the Centre for Business & Economic Research (CBER) 2 an important source towards the increase in internal market such as creating jobs. Foreign direct investment inflow can influence th","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44850283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From E- to Open-Government in delivering European Union funds to beneficiaries: the case of Greece","authors":"E. Fragouli, Ivana Despoina Doulgerof","doi":"10.24052/ijbed/v08n02/art-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/ijbed/v08n02/art-03","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current research is to examine how and to what extent existing e-government services in planning, managing, and delivering EU funds in Greece, can evolve into new open-government models. It also aims to examine how to effectively engage citizens and potential beneficiaries to participate in processes, such as policymaking or projects’ and funds’ allocation within the framework of the Partnership Agreement 2014/2020. The study comprises of a combination of both secondary and primary data being selected from public bodies (managing authorities) and potential beneficiaries (public entities and citizens) searching their awareness, perceptions, concerns and attitudes on existing and possible future open government models. Findings show that respondents recognize the benefits of e-government services, yet they encounter difficulties using them, mostly due to the platforms’ technocratic language. They are uncertain however on the impact open data have had on the EU funds management and demonstrate reservations on trust and security issues, including interaction and integration of their proposals in policy- and decision-making processes. The study concludes with proposals on future academic research and policy applications in order to further advance the openness of governance in the EU funds.","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49449530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Key Financial Drivers on Organizational Performance: Evidence from Public Establishments in Nigeria","authors":"Lawal Babatunde Akeem","doi":"10.24052/IJBED/V07N01/ART-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/IJBED/V07N01/ART-05","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examined the effect of key financial drivers on organizational performance of public establishments in Nigeria. There exists difficulty in achieving continued exercise and growth, poor management funding, failure to adequately anticipate cash flow, technology or reaction to competition with private establishments, indiscipline among members in public ministry and ill-timed financing. The objectives of this study are therefore to; examine the effect of cash flow management on organizational performance of public establishments in Nigeria and examine the effect of cost management on organizational performance of public establishments in Nigeria. The research design for this study was experimental design used to test the hypothesis in reaching a valid conclusion. The population of the study comprised of the public establishments in Ogun State, and the target population of the study was Agbado District Comprehensive High School, Oke Aro, Ogun State using purposive sampling. The study employed the use of primary data through the administering of questionnaire. Multiple regression models were used to analyze the data. Based on the findings, the study recommended that public establishments should take advantage of the excellent benefits derivable from the adoption of well-designed cash flow management. Also, public establishments should carefully implement cost management techniques to aid business performance and ensure continuity. Corresponding author: Lawal Babatunde Akeem Email address for corresponding author: ab400level@yahoo.com First submission received: 3oth November 2018 Revised submission received: 28th March 2019 Accepted: 30th March 2019 1.0 Introduction Organizational performance concept is core to public enterprises because the objective of government companies is to achieve profit, productivity and success. Mutindi, Namusonge and Obwogi (2013) observed that one of the important questions in business have been why some organizations succeed and why others fail, and this has influenced a study on the drivers of organizational performance. Kangangi (2014) highlighted performance measurement as one of the tools, which help firms in monitoring performance, identifying the areas that need attention, enhancing motivation, improving communication and strengthening accountability. Gichuki (2012) describes performance in terms of four perspectives, which are the financial, customer, internal processes and innovativeness. The financial perspective identified the key financial drivers of enhancing performance that are profit margin, asset turnover, leverage, cash flow, and working capital. Financial drivers of performance involve the translation of business strategies into deliverable results. It combines financial and operating principles to gauge how a company is able to meet its targets International Journal of Business and Economic Development, Vol. 7 Number 1 March 2019 www.ijbed.org A Journal of the Academy of Business and Retail Ma","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45097500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving public agency performance using balance scorecard in Lagos internal revenue service (LIRS)","authors":"Fatile Jacob Olufemi, I Ogunlela Yemisi, Akindele Iyiola Tomilayo, Oluwole Kazeem Sanni","doi":"10.24052/IJBED/V07N01/ART-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/IJBED/V07N01/ART-03","url":null,"abstract":"Improving public agency performance vis-à-vis productivity is the greatest challenge facing the public sector. The main objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of performance measurement using balanced scorecard (BSC) in Lagos Internal Revenue Service (LIRS). Primary and secondary data were utilized for the study. The primary data collected was analyzed using both descriptive statistics while the stated hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. The study adopts the theory of change (ToC) postulated by Weiss as a theoretical basis. The findings of the study reveal that using the balanced scorecard to measure performance periodically with stakeholders' reflection in LIRS has increased significantly the annual revenue generation in Lagos State. The study recommends among others that more attention should be paid to the provision of adequate incentives as well as training and development on contemporary issues in tax management for tax officers to promote their efficiency and effectiveness in developing economies including Nigeria. Furthermore, since citizens' expectation on societal general development and demand varies across divisions and localities Lagos state. Lagos state government should, therefore, accommodate the aspirations of the various groups to engender sustainable tax compliance by citizens.","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44459679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brexit: An unhappy marriage to the single market","authors":"Warren Matthews, Robert Driver","doi":"10.24052/IJBED/V07N01/ART-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/IJBED/V07N01/ART-04","url":null,"abstract":"The United Kingdom has voted to exit the European Union. Within the European Union, the rich states of the north (led by Germany) control most policies, and the less rich states of the southern tier are suffering the effects of austerity (Greece, Spain, Italy). Traditional political parties are losing strength, and populist and nationalist parties are gaining votes and forming coalition governments (Greece, Spain, Italy). The European Union is not serving the needs of all its members, and this casts doubt on the concept of a union of sovereign nations. Corresponding author: Warren Matthews Email address for corresponding author: wmatthews@belhaven.edu First submission received: 7th February 2019 Revised submission received: 25th March 2019 Accepted: 30th March 2019","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42738272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to value a patent: a simple formula for lost profits patent damages","authors":"Youngseo Yoo, S. Magee","doi":"10.24052/IJBED/V07N01/ART-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/IJBED/V07N01/ART-01","url":null,"abstract":"Patents are valuable only when they are enforced in court. The purpose of this paper is to measure a patent owner’s profits that are lost when a competing firm unlawfully makes infringing sales. Our microeconomic methodology computes a two-firm duopoly equilibrium with an infringer present and compares it with the same market but with the infringer removed. The second equilibrium represents a legally sanctioned single-firm patent monopoly. We derive a single equation representing the lost profits damage percent to be paid to the patent owner by the infringer. We incorporate product demand, both firms’ marginal costs, output, market shares, and prices in our equation. There are three contributions of this paper. One, we derive the simplest duopoly/monopoly damage equation we have seen that captures all the economic effects into a single percentage damage number. Second, that damage percent multiplied times the patent owner’s actual profits (with infringement ongoing) equals the dollar damages the infringer should pay in court for the patent owner’s lost profits. Third, we apply our formula to a small pilot study of classic US patent lost profit cases and find that our equation’s damage predictions had a correlation of .71 with the actual Federal court damage outcomes. We also illustrate the use of the formula. For example, if a patent owner’s actual profits on its patented product was $10 million with infringing sales present, then lost profits damages due to the patent owner would be $12.5 million if the two firms’ sales were equal. Patent damages increase to over $40 million if the infringer’s market share increased to triple that of the patent owner in the two-firm market. Corresponding author: Stephen P. Magee Email address for corresponding author: magee@mail.utexas.edu First submission received: 3rd January 2019 Revised submission received: 19th March 2019 Accepted: 21st March 2019","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42293711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ownership structure and Earnings Management: evidence from Egypt","authors":"Racha El Moslemany, Egypt Maritime Transport, Demyana Nathan","doi":"10.24052/IJBED/V07N01/ART-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/IJBED/V07N01/ART-02","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationships between ownership structure and Earnings Management (EM) of Egyptian companies. Discretionary accruals using the modified Jones model is evaluated to calculate the extent of EM. A sample of 50 companies listed on the Egyptian stock market for twelve years is used in the study. Three ownership indicators for concentration are included in the current research: block holder ownership, managerial ownership, and public ownership. A set of control variables are used in the current study: return on assets, firm size, firm age, debt ratio and market to book value. The statistical results indicated that there is a positive relationship between the Block holder ownership and the degree of earning management. However, no relationship was found between the Managerial Ownership and the Public Ownership on level of Earning Management. Corresponding author: Racha El Moslemany Email address for corresponding author: rachaelmoslemany@aast.edu First submission received: 7th January 2019 Revised submission received: 13th March 2019 Accepted: 19th March 2019 1.Introduction In academic literature, the corporate governance mechanism has gained remarkable attention. This is attributed to two main reasons. As a main reason the move toward globalization, the introduction of new technologies, the social and cultural environment encourages good corporate governance and promote financial information transparency. Second, the corporate financial scandals in many companies have led to losing confidence in the financial information provided (Zgarni, 2016). The reliability and accuracy of the financial information provided is required in the business environment in order to be able to make decisions and perform analysis. Earnings are considered the main source of information and would alter any decision (Elham; Salehi; and Vali Pour, 2016). This raised the need to set rules to guide and control the performance by enhancing the quality of the financial reporting and to ensure the transparency of the financial information (Zgarni, 2016). Despite this, accrual basis of accounting encourages managers to engage in earnings management. This is easily detected from the discontinuity in the distribution of earnings. Previous studies have elaborated the ways and methods managers undertake to manage their earnings (El-Sayed, 2012). Several definitions exist for EM. One the definitions is “purposeful intervention in the external financial reporting process with the intent of obtaining private gain” Schipper (1989, p. 92). Another definition is that “EM occurs when managers use judgment in financial reporting and in structuring transactions to alter financial reports to either mislead some stakeholders about the underlying economic performance of the company or to influence contractual outcomes that depend on reported accounting International Journal of Business and Economic Development, Vol. 7 Number 1 March 2019 www.ijbed.org ","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43108049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of strategic project management on ntrepreneurial orientation relationship with nternationalization","authors":"Juliette Brathwaite","doi":"10.24052/IJBED/V06NU02/ART-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/IJBED/V06NU02/ART-06","url":null,"abstract":"Firms’ strategic flexibility and agility in internationalization (INT) is influenced by context. However, there are few studies concerning INT conducted in and about emerging economies (EEs). There exists a dearth of literature on INT connected to strategic management (SM). Such gaps motivate this research to alleviate needs to further explore entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of owners and managers, their motives for foreign market entry, and effects of the innovation (IVN) and networking (NWG) with firms’ INT. It incorporates how strategic project management (SPM) flexibility can enable firms in EEs to be more agile in EO, influencing how they develop INT activities of exporting (EXP) and sales-subsidiary establishment (SSE), to minimize hindrances and improve performance. This is a vital attractive area of research to pursue for the importance of INT and advantages in and for EEs is increasing, and exploration reveals EO elements and enabling factors enhancing INT outcomes. The qualitative approach reviews literature in EO, INT and SPM, and presents a conceptual model with propositions, complemented by enhanced framework. Organization learning theory (OLT) perspective is utilized to better understand EO of firms in and from EEs, leading to effective INT outcomes. Findings and implications are that coordination assists EO, goal and role clarification, for SPM crucial to synergy, promotes agility, effective SM and outcomes, minimizing difficulties as IVN, NWG and learning (LNG) support drivers and mechanisms improving INT performance (Kodama, 2005; Belassi, Kondra and Tukel, 2007; Tomomitsu, Carvalho and Moraes, 2017). This paper contributes to theory and practice further developing EO-SPM-INT relationships, and focusing on SPM and IVN interactions, firms can better coordinate for more effective INT. Researchers and practitioners can benefit from the novel means to improve processes and critical managerial and success factors best integrating SO, SI and results beneficial in EEs’ INT. Corresponding author: Juliette Brathwaite Email address for corresponding author: juliepat02@yahoo.com First submission received: 12th April 2018 Revised submission received: 30th June 2018 Accepted: 16th July 2018","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46655928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of «One Belt, One Road» initiatives to the economy of Central Asian countries","authors":"Imomov Imomnazar","doi":"10.24052/IJBED/V06NU02/ART-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24052/IJBED/V06NU02/ART-03","url":null,"abstract":"One Belt – One Road” – the Chinese initiative to create the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the Maritime Silk Road (MSR) was first announced by the Chairman of the People Republic of China Xi Jinping during his official visit to Kazakhstan and Indonesia in 2013. The main goal of “One Belt – One Road” initiative lies in the exploration, formation, and promotion of a new model for international cooperation and development through strengthening of current regional bilateral and multilateral mechanism and structures of collaboration with the participation of China based on maintenance and development of the spirit Ancient Silk Road. Central Asia for many centuries was a dynamic center linking regional and international communities via the historic Silk Road. Nowadays Central Asia is tremendously important for China for several reasons. Firstly, Central Asia is the gate for China to the West. All land routes which going from China to Europe or South Asia passing through Central Asian countries. Secondly, three of Central Asian countries share a border with China. There are traditional -cultural links between peoples on both sides of the border. Lastly, Central Asian countries are rich in natural resources especially in hydrocarbon reserves which is more important for the lifeline of the Chinese economy. Connectivity and trade with Central Asia are considered necessary for development and stability of Chinese foreign policy. Corresponding author: Imomov Imomnazar Email address for corresponding author: imomnazartajdip@gmail.com First submission received: 20th March 2018 Revised submission received: 20th June 2018 Accepted: 26th June 2018 Introduction Nowadays, China is experiencing an economic growth very fast in world history. Still, it’s unclear that with which model Chinese are developing and going ahead. It’s the daily question between scholars and analytics. So, “One Belt – One Road” is supposed to be an answer for the future of Chinese long-term development goals. Chinese President Xi Jinping launched the “One Belt – One Road” (OBOR) initiative in Nazarbayev University, in Kazakhstan 2013. One of the biggest stories in Asian business is China’s One Belt, One Road initiative, an economic and diplomatic project that could transform trade. The implementation of Chinese initiative should help increase trade and investment in the countries along the Belt and Road. The Belt and Road run through the continents of Asia, Europe, and Africa, connecting the East Asia economic circle at one hand and developed European economic circle at the other, and encompassing countries with huge potential for economic development. “One Belt – One Road” is the first ambitions and megaproject which connecting the people of Asia to the Europe and Africa within economic trade tradition and cultural ties which the world history never experienced it before. “We can Use the innovative model of collaboInternational Journal of Business and Economic Development, Vol. 6 Number ","PeriodicalId":30779,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business Economic Development","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43881477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}