Annals of Tropical Pathology最新文献

{"title":"The continuing pandemic threat of COVID-19 - A need for public enlightenment","authors":"A. Fowotade, T. Fasuyi, M. Manga, I. Amao","doi":"10.4103/atp.atp_13_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atp.atp_13_20","url":null,"abstract":"A novel coronavirus 2019 now re-designated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus, emerged in Wuhan, China, on December 2019. Greater details about its origin and basis for high transmissibility remain largely unknown. The increasing incidence possibly linked to human-to-human transmission of the virus has resulted in rapid spread of the disease to 145 countries including Nigeria. To the best of our knowledge, the current review is one of the first locally published information on the novel COVID-19.We hereby describe the etiology, epidemiology, clinical management, and infection prevention and control of practices against COVID-19. This is to create more public awareness and sensitize health-care professionals on the urgent need for early recognition of suspect cases and practice of droplet and contact precautions to curtail the rapid spread of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":307224,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Pathology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126579884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choice of histopathology as a specialty among doctors yet to commit to a specialty in a young Nigerian teaching hospital","authors":"S. Ohayi, N. Onyishi, M. Ezeme","doi":"10.4103/atp.atp_45_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atp.atp_45_19","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the doctors' choice of pathology as a specialty and the factors affecting such choice. Materials and Methods: Self-administered objective-structured questionnaire was administered to doctors in Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, who were yet to commit to a postgraduate specialty by obtaining the primary postgraduate fellowship. Obtained data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 16.0. Missing data were excluded from the study. Results: There were 50 (69.4%) respondents from 72 questionnaires distributed. Most of them, 76% (n = 38), have excellent knowledge of the duties of a pathologist. Except for age (P = 0.04), sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of pathologists' duties do not significantly affect choice about pathology. A total of 29 of 47 (59.2%) respondents rejected histopathology; however, of the 24.5% who might choose histopathology, three rated it last choice while one rated it first. The most common reasons for choosing pathology include flexibility of work hours and availability of job positions. The most common reasons for rejecting pathology include desire for contact with patients, dislike for autopsy, and desire for better remuneration. Most participants, 87.5% (n = 42 of 49), have an overall positive perception of pathology and the pathologist. Course volume, quality of teachers, and pathology examination affect perception of pathology most but not significantly. However, perception does not significantly affect and has weak correlation with choice of pathology. Conclusion: Pathology is not a preferred specialty among doctors seeking postgraduate training in our center. Factors responsible for this state of affairs including desire for better remuneration and contact with patients should be addressed by all those concerned.","PeriodicalId":307224,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Pathology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123209225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic urinary schistosomiasis in a 25-year-old man, a case of neglected tropical disease","authors":"B. Usman, A. Oyewole, A. Umar, P. Ibinaye, S. Lawal, M. Ibrahim","doi":"10.4103/atp.atp_10_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atp.atp_10_20","url":null,"abstract":"Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by several species of trematodes, a parasitic worm of the genus Schistosoma. Out of the two major forms of schistosomiasis that exist, Schistosoma haematobium affects the genitourinary system. Radiologic imaging manifestations of urinary tract schistosomiasis are observed mainly in the ureters and bladder due to deposition of eggs on them, which elicits chronic granulomatous injury. This eventually causes nodules, polypoid lesions and ulcerations of the lumen of the ureter and bladder that manifest clinically in urinary frequency, dysuria, and terminal hematuria. It may ultimately end in renal failure or carcinoma of the bladder. This endemic but poorly reported neglected tropical disease is presented to increase the index of suspicion and reduce its complications and prevalence.","PeriodicalId":307224,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Pathology","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124583323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence of triple-negative breast cancer and poor survival outcome in Nigeria: A call for further molecular subtyping of triple-negative breast cancer","authors":"Jude Ogechukwu Okoye","doi":"10.4103/atp.atp_36_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atp.atp_36_19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":307224,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Pathology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133064517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of special stains in the detection of vascular invasion in cases of colon cancer in resource-limited settings in Africa","authors":"B. Duduyemi, Derrick Andoh, E. Adankwah, H. Nyarko, Divine Agyemang","doi":"10.4103/atp.atp_1_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atp.atp_1_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vascular invasion (VI) is a well-established independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) associated with the hematogenous spread and high risk of mortality. Its accurate detection is essential in identifying a high-risk group of patients who may benefit from adjuvant therapy and also to detect the risk of disease recurrence. The aim of the study was to determine the value of an elastic tissue stain in assessing vascular invasion in CRC. Materials and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded histologically confirmed CRC blocks were retrieved from the archives of the Histopathology Department of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Duplicate sections were made from each block and divided into two, with one part of the sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and the other with Verhoeff–Van Gieson (VVG) stain. Both H and E and VVG-stained sections were assessed for vascular invasion. Findings were put in tables and charts. Results: Forty-one cases were used for our study, comprising 40 adenocarcinomas (six well differentiated, 26 moderately differentiated, and eight poorly differentiated) and one high-grade non-Hodgkin large cell lymphoma. The mean age of our patient was 55 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.4. Of the 41 sections stained with H and E, venous invasion (VI) was detected in 14 cases (34%), whereas VVG was detected vascular invasion in 18 cases of the 27 undetected by H and E in addition to all the 14 cases detected by H and E (78%). Conclusion: The application of the VVG elastic tissue stain enhanced the sensitivity of detecting VI as compared to the use of H and E alone, and thus, recommendations should be made to include elastic tissue stains in CRC pathology reporting to bring therapeutic benefits to patients in our environment.","PeriodicalId":307224,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Pathology","volume":"261 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134477763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital tuberculosis: A diagnosis delayed in a child with atrial septal defect","authors":"P. Sinha, L. Singh, D. Dhingra","doi":"10.4103/atp.atp_42_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atp.atp_42_19","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital tuberculosis (CTB) is a rare disease presenting in infants with very few cases reported despite a high burden of tuberculosis. The fewer reported cases reflect in part the difficulty in making a definitive clinical diagnosis as signs and symptoms are non- specific along with difficult laboratory confirmation due to several reasons. We report a case of 4-month-old male child presenting with fever and cough for 3 months and respiratory distress and feeding difficulties for 5 days with no response to antibiotics. Systemic examination revealed bilateral crepitations, pansystolic murmur, and hepatosplenomegaly. Echocardiography revealed an 8 mm atrial septal defect. The patient did not respond to decongestive therapy. Ultrasonography revealed an enlarged liver with a 12 cm liver span. Liver biopsy showed necrotizing epithelioid cell granuloma. Based on the Cantwell's criteria, the diagnosis of CTB was proffered.","PeriodicalId":307224,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Pathology","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116317308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABO and Rh blood group incompatibility among icteric neonates and their mothers in Jos, Nigeria","authors":"E. Jatau, J. Egesie, B. Toma, O. Damulak, Z. Ayuba, Jasini James","doi":"10.4103/atp.atp_25_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atp.atp_25_19","url":null,"abstract":"Context: ABO and Rh blood groups play significant roles in health and diseases, one of which is blood group incompatibility, a common cause of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Aims: The aim of the study is to determine the frequency of ABO and Rh blood group incompatibilities among icteric neonates and their mothers for the purpose of instituting intervention for better neonatal outcomes. Settings and Design: This study was conducted at the Special Care Baby Units (SCBUs) of the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), and Plateau State Specialist Hospital (PSSH), Jos, Nigeria, from March 2013 to February 2014. It was a descriptive cross-sectional study that includes all jaundiced neonates admitted into the SCBUs and neonates who developed jaundice on admission in the neonatal wards. Subjects and Methods: A total of 150 icteric neonates admitted into the SCBUs of the JUTH, PSSH, and the BHUTH were recruited for this study with their parent's consent. Blood samples were collected from the neonates and their mothers in ethylene diaminetetra-acetic acid and plain bottles for ABO and Rh blood grouping, direct antihuman globulin test, and serum bilirubin (SB) assays. Statistical Analysis Used: Data obtained were analyzed using Epi Info Version 6 software. The results were reported in tables and frequencies, categorical variables were expressed as proportions, whereas continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were analyzed using Student's “t”-test. The level of statistically significant relationship was set at P ≤ 5% (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Thirty-four (22.7%) mother–neonate pair had ABO incompatibility with 14 mothers (9.3%) with blood group O, having neonates with blood group A and a mean SB of 249.5 ± 131.4 μmol/L. Three (2.0%) mothers were Rh D negative while their neonates were Rh D positive and showed a positive direct antihuman globulin test with a mean SB of 322.1 ± 246.7 μmol/L. Conclusions: Blood group O and Rh D-positive blood groups predominate while ABO and Rh incompatibilities present a risk for hyperbilirubinemia among icteric neonates in Jos, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":307224,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Pathology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131527913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological analysis of prostatic lesions in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria","authors":"S. Amin, P. Jibrin, Friday Olah, E. Oguntebi, N. Abubakar, Isiaka S Lawal","doi":"10.4103/atp.atp_14_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atp.atp_14_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Prostatic neoplasms are important source of morbidity and mortality among men globally. A rising trend is noted worldwide especially involving sub-saharan African males where paradoxically data is grossly inadequate. We hereby present prostatic lesions from a tertiary center in sub-saharan Africa.Materials and Method: A retrospective analytic study of all prostatic samples received in the histopathology of National Hospital Abuja (NHA), a tertiary hospital in Nigeria, from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2015 was carried out.Result: The major affected age group is the 61 – 70 year cohort. Majority of neoplastic lesions encountered are malignant adenocarcinomas of moderate differentiation. The predominant presenting symptoms are dysuria, frequency, and acute urinary retention in that order, while raised prostatic specific antigen (PSA) is a frequent sign. Conclusion: Prostatic adenocarcinoma is significant malignancy in NHA while benign prostatic hyperplasia is the commonest benign lesion. Gleason scores 5 and 7 are the predominant malignant differentiation obtained.","PeriodicalId":307224,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Pathology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115176581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological parameters of children with sickle cell anemia in steady and crisis states in Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"Y. Abubakar, H. Ahmad, J. Faruk","doi":"10.4103/atp.atp_22_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atp.atp_22_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most common and severest form of sickle cell disease. It affects about 3% of the Nigerian population with a high mortality in children. Hematological parameters are routinely used in the monitoring of SCA patients and might vary in crisis and steady states. Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed at comparing the hematological parameters of SCA patients in steady state with those in hemolytic and vaso-occlusive crisis states. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study carried out at the pediatric outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital in North West Nigeria. We recruited 170 SCA patients in steady state or in crisis state. Five milliliters of blood sample was collected for full blood count analysis using the Sysmex Xt 2000i automated hematology analyzer. Results: Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) levels for SCA patients in steady state were 8.28 ± 1.64 g/dl and 21.8 ± 4.04% while in vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) state were 7.81 ± 1.37 g/dl and 22.05 ± 1.37% and those with hemolytic crisis were 4.45 ± 0.12 and 13.35 ± 0.67, respectively. Total white blood cell (WBC) count in steady and VOC states was 14.51 ± 5.21 × 109/l and 17.46 ± 5.26 × 109/l, respectively, while those in hemolytic crisis had WBC of 14.92 ± 5.82 × 106/l. ANOVA test was 0.0001, 0.0001, and 0.03, respectively, which indicates a statistically significant difference between the groups. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in steady state were 76.67 fl ± 9.02, 27.18 pg ± 4.36, and 35.17 g/dl ± 4.25, while in VOC state, they were 74.88 fl ± 11.60, 27.24 pg ± 3.70, and 35.49 g/dl ± 1.42 and, in anemic crisis state, they were 76.63 ± 11.74, 26.71 ± 3.78 and 35.03 ± 1.20, respectively. Conclusion: Hematological parameters were lower during crisis states, although most of these were not significantly different from those in steady state apart from the WBC count, Hb, and HCT. Therefore, routine monitoring of hematological parameters should remain an important component in the management of SCA children.","PeriodicalId":307224,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Pathology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114248918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathologic spectrum of lymph node disease in a lagos facility","authors":"O. Oguntunde, N. Ikeri, U. Igbokwe, F. Abdulkareem, A. Banjo","doi":"10.4103/atp.atp_8_19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atp.atp_8_19","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Hematopathology is often a technical and challenging aspect of pathology, requiring robust ancillary testing and second specialist opinion, both of which are not readily available and affordable to the Nigerian population. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the histological spectrum of lymph node diseases and highlight the diagnostic challenges. Methodology: A retrospective review of lymph node biopsies submitted to The Specialist Laboratories, Lagos, Nigeria, over an 8-year period was carried out. A proportion of these had a specialist's second opinion and ancillary immunohistochemistry testing where necessary. Results: Two hundred and ten lymph node biopsies were studied. Majority of the cases were diagnosed as nonspecific reactive changes (31.0%). This was followed by metastases to the lymph nodes (22.9%) and lymphomas (18.6%). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma accounted for 79.5% of lymphomas, of which small cell lymphoma (35.5%) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (29.0%) were the most predominant subtypes. There was a 62.1% concordance between the preliminary and final diagnoses. Conclusion: These morphologic findings are in keeping with those in published literature. A significant number of discordant cases highlight the need for specialist training in hematopathology as well as the establishment of well-equipped facilities for accurate and cost-effective diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":307224,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Tropical Pathology","volume":"37 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113958329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}