{"title":"Tungsten-doping enables excellent kinetics and high stability of cobalt-free ultrahigh-nickel single-crystal cathode","authors":"Jinfeng Zheng , Shangquan Zhao , Weicheng Guan , Shengnan Liao , Ting Zeng , Shirui Zhang , Zhihao Yue , Shan Fang , Naigen Zhou , Yinzhu Jiang , Yong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cobalt-free ultra-high nickel (LiNi<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1-x</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, NM, <em>x</em> ≥ 0.9) single crystal cathode material possesses great potential application due to its low cost and high structure stability, but it demonstrates poor rate performance and low capacity, suppressing its practical application progress. Doping high-valent ions (such as tungsten, W) is suggested to be a promising solution to address the above problems, however, the doping intrinsic role of which is still unclear since non-doping effects coexist. In this work, only W bulk-doping in single crystal NM cathode is achieved by high-temperature two-step sintering method to explore the W-doping effects, which can enhance Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion and electronic conductivity regardless of the Co deficiency and long Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion channel, thereby increasing the available specific capacity and rate capability of the cathode material. It shows that the initial Coulombic efficiency increases by about 4 %, corresponding to a discharge specific capacity increase of >10 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> after doping W. Besides, the specific capacity of W-doped cathode can reach 133 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at a high current of 5 C, which is much higher than 107 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> of the pristine cathode. Moreover, the introduction of strong W–O bonds can bind lattice oxygen, inhibiting oxygen release and harmful phase transitions, improving structural and thermal stability as a result. This work provides an effective strategy for developing cobalt-free cathode materials and a new perspective for understanding the electrochemical performance enhancement by doping high-valence ions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 104251"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Chen , Guohui Zhou , Xinliang Huang , Yamei Liu , Xiaofan Tian , Lu Wang , Xiaomin Liu , Xin Ning , Daming Zhu , Zhongchao Bai , Nana Wang , Xiaochuan Ren , Shixue Dou
{"title":"Alleviating salt depletion at the Zinc anode interface by an ion-releasing separator to achieve ultra-stable Zinc anode","authors":"Yu Chen , Guohui Zhou , Xinliang Huang , Yamei Liu , Xiaofan Tian , Lu Wang , Xiaomin Liu , Xin Ning , Daming Zhu , Zhongchao Bai , Nana Wang , Xiaochuan Ren , Shixue Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The challenges of Zn dendrite growth and corrosion are closely tied to salt depletion at the Zn anode interface, arising from Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions consumption and the reverse migration of anions during zinc deposition. Herein, a functional separator (GFZP), composed of ultra-thin ZrP nanosheets with oxygen defects affixed to glass fiber, is developed to resolve these challenges. The GFZP separator effectively mitigates salt depletion by rapidly adsorbing and releasing significant quantities of ions under an electric field, preventing Zn<sup>2+</sup> depletion and replenishing SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> anions through reverse diffusion, ensuring uniform zinc anode deposition. In addition, the absence of a salt depletion region at the Zn interface, coupled with the strong interaction between GFZP and water molecules, suppresses water activity, thereby reducing Zn anode corrosion and side reactions. As a result, the Zn||Zn symmetric cells with GFZP separator survive 3000 h at 1 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and 1 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>. Furthermore, Zn||Na<sub>2</sub>V<sub>6</sub>O<sub>16</sub>•3H<sub>2</sub>O full cell achieves a high capacity of 4.9 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> and excellent cycling stability under limited zinc resources (N/P = 2.4).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 104247"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessing the thermal runaway characteristics of solid-state lithium batteries based on thermochemical reaction properties at material level","authors":"Luyu Gan , Xilin Xu , Xiqian Yu , Hong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-state batteries using solid electrolyte have attracted considerable attention in recent years as the most promising solution to the safety issue of lithium-ion batteries. Despite the verified thermal stability of a variety of solid electrolytes, the safety characteristics of practical solid-state batteries are still uncovered and argument has emerged about severe exothermic reactions in solid-state chemistry. In this perspective, key thermochemical reactions in solid-state chemistry related to battery safety are summarized and analyzed to assess the safety characteristics of solid-state batteries, compared with conventional lithium-ion batteries. The overall hazard degree is assessed through the evaluation of total heat release from battery thermal runaway, and the specific change of thermal runaway characteristics due the alterations of battery chemistry is predicted through the difference of thermochemical reactions. The importance of solid phase interfaces for the safety of solid-state batteries is further discussed. The assessment in this perspective provides a confidence of the enhancement of battery safety through solid-state battery chemistry, and urges comprehensive investigations into the safety aspects of solid-state batteries from materials to cells, modules, and systems level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 104223"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ying Zhang , Yuqin Wang , Xianzhong Yang , Haoxuan Liu , Kuan Wu , Lei Zhang , Dongliang Chao , Liangxu Lin , Shi-Xue Dou , Chao Wu
{"title":"Charge-driven flocculation strategy for lean-water quasi-solid electrolyte enabling stable aqueous Zn metal batteries","authors":"Ying Zhang , Yuqin Wang , Xianzhong Yang , Haoxuan Liu , Kuan Wu , Lei Zhang , Dongliang Chao , Liangxu Lin , Shi-Xue Dou , Chao Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The practical applications of zinc-based aqueous batteries have been impeded by their dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion, which stem from the side reactions related to free water in conventional electrolytes. Instead of traditional high-concentration aqueous electrolytes, in this study, we propose a charge-driven flocculation strategy via aggregating Zn<sup>2+</sup> onto 2D nanosheets of low-cost H<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>3</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>14</sub>, resulting in a highly concentrated lean-water Zn-ion quasi-solid electrolyte (LWZQE). This electrolyte features a Zn salt concentration of 13.75 M with just 16.4 wt % water content, and this lean-water characteristic significantly mitigates the side reactions from free water in the electrolyte, improves compatibility with the Zn anode, and suppresses the shuttle effect of the iodine cathode. The assembled symmetric batteries demonstrate dendrite-free Zn plating/stripping over 5500 h. The Zn-I<sub>2</sub> full cell endows a remarkable reversibility of 8000 cycles, with a capacity retention of 79.1 %. This charge-driven flocculation strategy opens up a new avenue for developing cost-effective, highly concentrated aqueous electrolytes for the next generation Zn-based batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 104246"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gang Yin , Weijian Xu , Songxin Lu , Weiliang Dong , Jiahui He , Yongbin Xu , Qiang Liu , Caizhen Zhu , Jian Xu , Lei Tian
{"title":"Ionic conductive rubber quasi-solid polymer electrolyte for solid-state lithium-metal batteries","authors":"Gang Yin , Weijian Xu , Songxin Lu , Weiliang Dong , Jiahui He , Yongbin Xu , Qiang Liu , Caizhen Zhu , Jian Xu , Lei Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rubber is a material renowned for its exceptional mechanical properties, including excellent elasticity, tensile strength, and low cost. However, conventional rubber lacks ionic conductivity, significantly limiting its application in solid-state electrolytes. In this work, we propose the concept of ionic conductive rubber (ICR) electrolyte to improve the ionic conductivity of conventional rubber and create a quasi-solid polymer electrolyte (QPE) suitable for lithium metal batteries. The developed ICR QPE exhibits outstanding elasticity, ensuring good dynamic contact during lithium stripping and plating processes. Consequently, these allow assembled symmetric cells demonstrate low polarization voltage and highly stable lithium stripping/plating cycles, sustaining over 1300 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Additionally, ICR QPE exhibits superior ionic conductivity of 0.4 × 10<sup>−3</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> at room temperature, and ultrahigh Li<sup>+</sup> transference number of 0.758. Moreover, the assembled LFP|ICR QPE|Li battery demonstrats excellent long-term cycle stability at 0.5 C and 25 °C, with an average coulomb efficiency of 99.6 % over 600 cycles. Our proposed ICR QPE breaks the traditional rubber ion conduction problem, and its unique low cost characteristics, superior mechanical properties and excellent ion conductivity provide a promising solution for long-cycle stable solid lithium metal batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 104244"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-situ capacity regeneration of degraded lithium-ion batteries using remanufacturing remediator","authors":"Yuhang Gao, Han-Ming Zhang, Jinfeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increasing application and production of lithium-ion batteries, the environmentally friendly and low-cost recycling of degraded lithium-ion batteries has become an urgent issue. Based on the battery degradation theory of active lithium loss, this work proposes a strategy for in-situ remanufacturing of degraded batteries through the injection of the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxide (TEMPO) remediator to replenish the active lithium loss. The mechanism of TEMPO remediator initiated in-situ remanufacturing (TRIISR) strategy is sustainable activation of the inactive Li<sup>0</sup> (lithium dendrites and dead lithium) to recover the degraded capacity. Moreover, TEMPO induces the LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation, further enhancing the dynamics and cycling stability of remanufactured batteries. Multiple characterizations and electrochemical tests corroborate the underlying mechanism of TRIISR according to the corresponding evolutions of structure and electrochemical performances of button cells. Based on this TRIISR strategy, the in-situ remanufactured commercial pouch cell exhibits a satisfactory capacity recovery of 5.89 % and a lifespan extension by 70 %. This work presents the simplicity TRIISR strategy with pro-environment, low-capacity loss rate, great techno-economic benefits due to the internal Li replenishment without damaging the cells. The insightful TRIISR strategy facilitates the secondary utilization of degraded batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 104248"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143806014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaxin Jing , Yu Bai , Xin Li , Tao Ren , Zhenhua Wang , Kening Sun
{"title":"Simultaneously Constructing Stable Cathode/Solid-Electrolyte Interphase by Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate Additive for High-voltage Lithium-Metal Batteries","authors":"Jiaxin Jing , Yu Bai , Xin Li , Tao Ren , Zhenhua Wang , Kening Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-energy-density Li||NCM622 batteries often suffer from an unstable electrode-electrolyte interface (EEI) at high cut-off voltage. This instability EEI causes continuous interfacial side reactions, structural deterioration of the NCM622 cathode, and the formation of lithium dendrites on the Li anode, ultimately culminating in rapid battery failure. Herein, we introduce trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) as an additive to the traditional carbonate electrolyte to address these issues. The introduction of the TMSOTf additive alters the solvation structure of Li<sup>+</sup> and helps to generate homogeneous and mechanically stable EEI enriched with LiF and Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>x</sub> (x = 0, 3, 4). The LiF-rich EEI can inhibit the deterioration of the NCM622 cathode and the growth of lithium dendrites. Meanwhile, the Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>x</sub> (x = 0, 3, 4) components with high ionic conductivity facilitate accelerating the migration of Li<sup>+</sup> in EEI. Moreover, the TMSOTf additive can scavenge HF in the electrolyte and effectively inhibit the corrosion of EEI and NCM622 cathode by HF. As expected, the Li||NCM622 battery with TMSOTf-contained electrolyte demonstrates excellent cycling stability and rate capability at a high cut-off voltage of 4.6 V.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 104241"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Junjie Fan , Jun Cao , Jing Liu , Maowen Xu , Yubin Niu
{"title":"Role of tin doping in Na4VMn(PO4)3 for sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Junjie Fan , Jun Cao , Jing Liu , Maowen Xu , Yubin Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Na<sub>4</sub>VMn(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (NVMP) is a high-voltage sodium storage cathode material that has been favorably studied lately. However, it still faces lower conductivity and a more serious Jahn-Teller effect plague, leading to unsatisfactory electrochemical performance. In this work, tin (Sn) trace doping at vanadium (V) sites is systematically investigated for its effect on the electrochemical properties of NVMP. The results show that Sn doping can significantly stimulate the electrochemical activity of the cathode material thanks to the enlargement of the sodium ion diffusion channel and the stabilization of the manganese (Mn) environment. Excessive doping (e.g., up to 0.07) generates Na<sub>4</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> on the surface of the active material, which leads to a partial loss of capacity but still comes out on top in terms of cycling stability and rate performance. When the Sn doping amount is 0.03, the best overall performance specimen, Na<sub>3.97</sub>V<sub>0.97</sub>MnSn<sub>0.03</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> having a discharge capacity of 103.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.2 C and a capacity retention of 87.3 % at 2 C as compared to 0.1 C can be obtained. In addition, it has 89.8 % capacity retention after 300 cycles at 1 C and remains as high as 89.4 % capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 C, which is significantly better than that of the undoped system. As an application demonstration, the utility of the resulting materials is further evaluated using coin-type and pouch cells, respectively, e.g., the pouch cells feature a capacity of 14 mAh at 0.2 C and a capacity retention of 60 % for 150 cycles at 1 C. It is expected that this work will provide another idea for the modification of Mn-containing cathode materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 104245"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143789711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinjing Huang , Xiaozhi Jiang , Chenyang Shi , Mengran Wang , Yangen Zhou , Bo Hong , Jie Li , Yanqing Lai
{"title":"Anion-diluent synergistic strategy for improved interfacial stability in lithium metal batteries","authors":"Xinjing Huang , Xiaozhi Jiang , Chenyang Shi , Mengran Wang , Yangen Zhou , Bo Hong , Jie Li , Yanqing Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recently, high-voltage Li metal batteries (LMBs) have shown great potential as high-energy-density energy storage devices. However, current electrolytes struggle to form stable interfacial films on both the Li anode and high-voltage cathode simultaneously, leading to unsatisfactory cycling stability in high-voltage LMBs. Here, lithium bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) with a large π conjugate structure and fluorine-rich hydrofluoroether (HFE) are co-introduced into conventional ether electrolyte to balance dipole-dipole interactions. This results in the formation of an elastic F- and B-O-rich anodic interfacial layer and a robust boron-rich cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI), leading to superior cycling ability. Consequently, the Li||Cu cell shows an extremely long cycle life of 9500 h under 1 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and 1 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>, which is the best as reported so far. The Li||LiCoO<sub>2</sub> cells exhibit a superior capacity retention of ∼82.32% under 4.5 V after 160 cycles, with an average CE of > 99.9%. The correspondent Li||NCM811 pouch cells (5 Ah, 400 Wh/kg; 3.3 Ah, 434 Wh/kg) could stably cycle at 0.5 C for 200 cycles and 130 cycles, respectively. This work offers a novel and effective strategy to commercialize ether-based electrolytes for high-energy-density and long-life LMBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 104239"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhenzhen Liu , Zongkun Bian , Heng Zhang , Xi Wu , Zhen Fu , Haimin Zhang , Guozhong Wang , Yunxia Zhang , Huijun Zhao
{"title":"Direct regeneration of highly degraded LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 to high-performance single-crystalline cathodes","authors":"Zhenzhen Liu , Zongkun Bian , Heng Zhang , Xi Wu , Zhen Fu , Haimin Zhang , Guozhong Wang , Yunxia Zhang , Huijun Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2025.104240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread popularization of electric vehicles and portable electronics gives rise to the concomitant surge of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Considering the resource shortage and environmental concerns, recycling degraded cathode materials is highly desirable to ensure the sustainable development of the whole LIBs industry. To this end, a facile LiBr-LiOH eutectic molten salt strategy is proposed for direct regeneration of highly degraded polycrystalline LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (denoted as D-NCM622), which enables efficient renovation of the nonstoichiometric composition and damaged crystal structure in D-NCM622, including full Li-supplement, complete restoration from rock salt/spinel phases to the original layered structure, suppressive cation disorder, and reconstructed single-crystalline nature. Benefiting from these favorable structural characteristics, the regenerated cathodes (R-NCM622) exhibit significantly enhanced electrochemical performance relative to D-NCM622, delivering an initial discharge capacity of 174.0 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.2 C, capacity retention of 82.5% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C, and excellent rate performance (136.7 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 5 C), which is comparable to the fresh commercial NCM622 (C-NCM622). More significantly, the current regeneration route possesses the incomparable advantages in economic benefit and environmental impact compared to conventional recycling routes based on techno-economic analysis, ensuring sustainable recycling from highly degraded cathode materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 104240"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}