Energy Storage Materials最新文献

{"title":"A physics-guided virtual probe for anode potential estimation via target-label-free sim-to-real adaptation","authors":"Shu Xiong,&nbsp;Yinzhong Yan,&nbsp;Xiaoli Yu,&nbsp;Yuqi Huang,&nbsp;Yikai Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable estimation of the effective graphite-anode potential is important for lithium-plating-risk assessment during fast charging, but direct measurement requires a reference electrode and is impractical in conventional battery systems. Physics-based simulations can provide abundant internal-state labels, whereas models trained solely on simulated data often fail to transfer to experimental cells because of the sim-to-real domain gap. Here, we propose a physics-guided sim-to-real framework that adapts an effective-anode-potential estimator without using target-domain internal labels during adaptation or checkpoint selection. A Doyle–Fuller–Newman model generates labeled source-domain data. Terminal-voltage components are grouped according to their cross-specification predictability into domain-insensitive and domain-sensitive terms, which are coupled with the estimated effective anode potential through terminal-voltage reconstruction. During adaptation, the domain-insensitive estimator and temporal feature extractor are frozen, and only the final linear output layers are recalibrated using measured terminal voltage. The framework was evaluated on two NMC811/graphite three-electrode cells using cell-specific adaptation and cycle-disjoint subsets. Evaluation-cycle anode-potential measurements were also used to select the grouping threshold. Compared with direct source-domain deployment, adaptation reduced the effective-anode-potential MAE from 37 ± 9.7 mV to 11 ± 3.3 mV. Ablation results showed that lower terminal-voltage reconstruction error did not necessarily yield more accurate internal-potential estimates, supporting structured voltage decomposition and constrained parameter updates. The model recovered the overall charging-stage potential trend, although low-potential classification and crossing-time errors remained. These results support terminal-voltage-constrained adaptation under the tested cells and operating protocol, without establishing direct lithium-plating detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105610"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149292027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mechanically adaptive silicon-carbon anode with a self-limiting interphase for high-loading quasi-solid-state batteries without external stack pressure","authors":"Wenwei Ding,&nbsp;Qilin Zhang,&nbsp;Zhefei Sun,&nbsp;Decai Ji,&nbsp;Qian Ni,&nbsp;Wenjuan Zhu,&nbsp;Chuyang Li,&nbsp;Xiang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicon-based quasi-solid-state batteries are promising candidates for high-energy storage, yet their practical implementation is hindered by particle pulverization, conductive-network disruption, and continuous solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) reconstruction. Here, we develop a hierarchical microsized silicon/hard-carbon/nitrogen-doped-carbon (Si-HC-NC) composite anode based on a dual inner-buffering/outer-confinement strategy. The porous HC framework accommodates the internal volume variation, while the defect-rich NC shell maintains electronic connectivity. Coupling with a viscoelastic poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/ Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃ (LATP) electrolyte eliminates liquid-solvent infiltration and establishes dynamically adaptive and highly ionic conductive solid-solid interphases. Spatially resolved chemical analysis reveals the in-situ formation of an ultrathin, LiF-rich SEI with Li₂S species preferentially distributed at the outer interphase boundary. Consequently, the quasi-solid-state Si-HC-NC||LiFePO₄ full cells operated without external stack pressure maintain cycling stability over 1500 cycles, and retain 80% of their capacity after 200 cycles at a practical loading of 11.9 mg cm^-2. Even at 15.2 mg cm^-2, stable cycling is maintained for 150 cycles at 0.5 C, corresponding to a material-level energy density of 407.1 Wh kg^-1. The strategy is further validated in high-voltage Si-HC-NC||NCM811 cells, which operate stably for over 400 cycles. This work demonstrates that integrating hierarchical mechanical regulation with interphase chemistry provides a practical route toward silicon-based quasi-solid-state batteries operating without external pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105620"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149292464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bulk-surface co-modification strategy enabling stable operation of ultrahigh-nickel Li(Ni0.96Co0.03Mn0.01)O2 cathode beyond 4.7 V","authors":"Weicai Zhang,&nbsp;Weigang Ding,&nbsp;Xiangru Liao,&nbsp;Jianguo Si,&nbsp;Haoliang Huang,&nbsp;Haiyan Ji,&nbsp;Liwen Wang,&nbsp;Wei Wang,&nbsp;Fei Lin,&nbsp;Miao Liu,&nbsp;Yunbing He,&nbsp;Shunyi Yang,&nbsp;Lifeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrahigh-nickel layered Li(Ni<em>_x</em>Co<em>_y</em>Mn<em>_z</em>)O₂ (<em>x</em> ≥ 0.9) holds substantial promise for use as cathode-active materials to boost the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, they typically suffer rapid performance degradation under high-voltage operation. Herein, we report the synthesis of Li(Ni_0.96Co_0.03Mn_0.01)O₂ (NCM96) and design an integrated bulk-surface co-modification strategy that combines low-dose Zr bulk incorporation (2000 ppm relative to the total transition-metal content) with sequential surface modifications by Al₂O₃/TiO₂ and H₃BO₃ (M-NCM96). The M-NCM96 cathode is assessed under various voltage windows in lithium metal cells, delivering a specific capacity as high as 252.2 mAh g^–1 at a cutoff voltage of 5.0 V. In separate cycling tests under the same cutoff voltage, it retains 74.2% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles. Moreover, in the optimized voltage window of 2.6 – 4.7 V at 25 °C, the M-NCM96 cathode affords an initial capacity of 196.1 mAh g^–1 at 1.0 C and exhibits 91.3% capacity retention after 200 cycles. Furthermore, M-NCM96 also demonstrates good performance in pouch cells, confirming that the co-modification strategy is effective at the device level. Comprehensive characterization and density functional theory calculations indicate that Zr-mediated bulk stabilization and Al/Ti/B-derived surface protection cooperatively mitigate lattice breathing, microcrack initiation/propagation, gas evolution, and electrode-electrolyte interfacial degradation, thereby enabling markedly improved cycling stability under high-voltage operation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105609"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149292029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lattice-matched epitaxial Na2ZrO3 enabling chemo-mechanical robustness in NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2","authors":"Runjie Bi,&nbsp;Jianhua Zhang,&nbsp;Lingkun Yang,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Zuo,&nbsp;Jie Yue,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang,&nbsp;Haofei Yang,&nbsp;Dongzhu Liu,&nbsp;Guohua Liu,&nbsp;Wenyi Jia,&nbsp;Xintian Li,&nbsp;Yifan Li,&nbsp;Wei Xiao,&nbsp;Wenbin Li,&nbsp;Xuexia Song,&nbsp;Xifei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chemo-mechanical coupling degradation, driven by heterogeneous strain accumulation and aggressive interfacial parasitic reactions, remains an obvious obstacle to the cycling stability of NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ (NFM). To address this challenge, this study constructs a lattice-coherent Na₂ZrO₃ (NZO) epitaxial coating onto NFM. The atomic-level lattice coherence of the epitaxial NZO layer endows the NFM/NZO interface with strong bonding and continuous ion-transport pathways while imparting exceptional mechanical resilience. Owing to the high Young’s modulus of the epitaxial NZO layer, the engineered interface delivers robust mechanical protection for primary-particle surfaces while maintaining superior structural integrity. It further mitigates severe stress concentration upon cycling, thereby suppressing secondary-particle cracking. Beyond mechanical reinforcement, the NZO layer, as a dynamic chemical barrier, in situ transforms into a thin, dense, Na₂ZrF₆-rich cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) during cycling. This robust CEI acts as an effective barrier against electrolyte corrosion and transition-metal dissolution, thereby stabilizing the electrode-electrolyte interface. Through these synergistic effects, the optimized NFM cathode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 116.51 mAh g⁻¹ and capacity retention of 81.04% over 500 cycles at 5 C. By simultaneously addressing ion-transport limitations and interfacial degradation, this epitaxial engineering approach reveals an atomic-scale design strategy for developing high-rate, long-cycle sodium-ion battery cathodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105641"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149364307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-frequency lattice dynamics and zinc storage in an intrinsic SnBi4Te7 van der Waals superlattice","authors":"Kai-Siang Jhang,&nbsp;Tsao-Chun Chou,&nbsp;Yen-Chen Ko,&nbsp;Nhat Quyen Nguyen,&nbsp;Chih-Wei Luo,&nbsp;Hsing-Yu Tuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>SnBi₄Te₇ is identified as an intrinsic 5L–7 L van der Waals superlattice cathode, in which periodically alternating nonequivalent slabs create crystallographically differentiated interlayer environments for Zn storage. Under photoexcitation, SnBi₄Te₇ exhibits a 1.7-fold longer slow relaxation component and a 1.8-fold stronger low-frequency modulation at 0.159 THz than Bi₂Te₃. TUNA-AFM further reveals edge-enhanced tunneling conduction, while operando XRD identifies changes in the SnBi₄Te₇ lattice and Zn–Te-related diffraction features during electrochemical cycling. SnBi₄Te₇ delivers 529.7 mAh g⁻¹, achieves 97.1% capacity recovery after rate testing to 20 A g⁻¹, and sustains stable cycling over 2000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹, with performance retained at the pouch-cell level under mechanical deformation. These results establish the 5L–7 L van der Waals superlattice as a promising crystal-engineering platform for aqueous zinc-ion cathodes, offering a materials-intrinsic approach to combining differentiated interlayer environments, favorable charge transport, and stable electrochemical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105628"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149364379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boron-driven closed-pore formation and interphase stabilization in hard carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Guopan Ren,&nbsp;Yuhang Wang,&nbsp;Kexin Tang,&nbsp;Yide Qiao,&nbsp;Gege Long,&nbsp;Rong Tang,&nbsp;Shu Wang,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Qiang Tan,&nbsp;Yuanzhen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hard carbon is a leading anode candidate for sodium-ion batteries. However, its sodium storage capacity and cycling stability are limited by insufficient closed pores and poor interfacial chemistry. Here, we use a 3-hydroxyphenylboronic acid-derived phenolic resin to couple in situ self-templating with boron-mediated interfacial regulation. During pre-carbonization, boron species in the resin convert in situ to B₂O₃, which can be removed by hot water washing to expose concentrated sub-nanometer pores within the carbon matrix. Upon carbonization at 1400 °C, these preformed pores serve as local spatial constraints for framework reconstruction, resulting in increased closed-pore formation and expanded interlayer spacing. Boron-incorporated carbon sites further modulate interfacial reactions by promoting anion decomposition and suppressing solvent reduction, leading to a NaF-enriched solid electrolyte interphase. The resulting BRF-1400 anode delivers a reversible capacity of 425.8 mAh g⁻¹ with a 78.0% plateau contribution at 0.1 C and retains 84.9% of its capacity after 2000 cycles at 5 C. The full cell delivers an energy density of 273.5 Wh kg⁻¹ at 31.4 W kg⁻¹ and maintains 187.1 Wh kg⁻¹ at 1490.5 W kg⁻¹. This work presents an internally generated templating route that links confined-pore construction with interphase stabilization in hard carbon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105639"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149364381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calendar aging corrosion of lithium metal in garnet solid electrolyte","authors":"Qiong Yuan,&nbsp;Ruixin Hao,&nbsp;Hui Wang,&nbsp;Haochen Zhang,&nbsp;Hongsheng Shi,&nbsp;Yining Zhang,&nbsp;Xiangchen Hu,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Jiameng Yu,&nbsp;Tianyi Gao,&nbsp;Wei Liu,&nbsp;Yi Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) hold great promise for applications due to their extremely high energy density. However, in practical applications, the capacity fading caused by long-term storage of SSLMBs has not been sufficiently investigated, which is closely related to their service life. Here, we reveal the calendar aging behavior of Li deposits in the garnet solid-state electrolyte Li_6.4La₃Zr_1.4Ta_0.6O₁₂ (LLZTO): spherical Li deposits are gradually corroded into top-concave and side-concave Li during resting, and the side-concave Li tends to form isolated Li. The concave portions are attributed to irreversible capacity loss, whereas the isolated Li can be reconnected during subsequent deposition to recover capacity. By using transmission electron microscopy, we observed that Li grown along the 〈110〉 direction starts to form concavities from the top, whereas Li grown along other directions start from the side. Sintering-aid-free LLZTO prepared by ultrafast high-temperature sintering effectively suppresses such aging by avoiding Al³⁺ incorporation into the LLZTO lattice, which would otherwise reduce LLZTO stability against Li and ultimately cause corrosion of Li deposits. This study provides new insights into the long-term storage and calendar aging behavior of SSLMBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105621"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149364449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The kinetic mechanism of electrochemical oscillation in Co-doped lithium titanate","authors":"Wenting Ji,&nbsp;Jie Bai,&nbsp;Yuqin Huang,&nbsp;De Li,&nbsp;Liang Yang,&nbsp;Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical oscillation, subtle periodic voltage or current fluctuations during the galvanostatic or potentiostatic (dis)charge curves, have been reported in two-phase electrode materials, such as Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ and LiCrTiO₄ in Li-ion batteries and Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ in Na-ion batteries. This oscillation should be closely correlated with the two-phase reaction of numerous-particle electrodes, involving the electronic conduction, ionic diffusion, nucleation, phase transition, etc., while the underlying kinetics has not been revealed yet. Herein, the electrochemical oscillation is notably tailored in Co-doped Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, and the oscillation kinetics is profoundly analyzed according to the Butler–Volmer equation. Specifically, the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) shows the nucleation potential barrier and the two-phase relaxation process, the constant-current electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (Ctrl-I EIS) present the dynamic evolution of reaction impedance, and the in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) exhibits the structure transition during the two-phase reaction. Based on the kinetic properties, a million-particle-electrode model with the high nucleation barrier and the hysteretic phase transition is proposed to numerically simulate the collective behavior of electrochemical oscillation, which takes a discrete phase-transition reaction period by period. Thereby, this investigation not only reveals the kinetic mechanism of electrochemical oscillation, but also provides an opportunity to diagnose and optimize the two-phase reaction in Li-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105607"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149292031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural engineering of gel electrolytes for decoupled suppression of side reactions in aqueous zinc batteries","authors":"Minghao Li,&nbsp;Zhen Yang,&nbsp;Hongyu Wang,&nbsp;Fujun Wang,&nbsp;Yanling Tian,&nbsp;Faze Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are critical bottlenecks limiting the practical application of aqueous batteries, and their concurrent suppression remains challenging due to the intricate coupling of ion transport and interfacial reactions. Herein, a bubble-embedded gel electrolyte (BE-GE) is developed to decouple dendrite suppression from hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) regulation through internal architecture engineering. The BE-GE features a stable heterogeneous water distribution enabled by its smooth outer layer and bubble-derived pores in the interior. The water-poor outer shell enhances electrode/electrolyte interfacial stability and regulates interfacial water activity, leading to homogeneous Zn deposition and a remarkably low HER rate of ∼5.5 ppm h^-1. The unique discrete-pore structure facilitates rapid ion transport while providing physical confinement against dendrite propagation, enabling robust dendrite resistance even under high current densities and prolonged cycling conditions. Benefiting from these synergistic advantages, the Zn||Zn symmetric cell with BE-GE exhibits ultra-stable operation for over 3000 h under high areal capacity loading, and the corresponding full cells retain 94% of their initial specific capacity after 400 cycles. Our findings establish a versatile design paradigm for gel electrolytes, offering a promising strategy to advance the development of aqueous batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105614"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149292284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mastering interfacial stability in all-solid-state batteries via flux-matching between lithium deposition and creep rate","authors":"Ziwei Yuan,&nbsp;Jiangbin Yu,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Li,&nbsp;Junxiong Wu,&nbsp;Shihong Chen,&nbsp;Zulin Li,&nbsp;Yukun Wang,&nbsp;Chao Ni,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Chen,&nbsp;So Yeon Kim,&nbsp;Liumin Suo,&nbsp;Yuming Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ensm.2026.105633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physical failure of sulfide-based solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries is fundamentally dictated by the dynamic competition between electrochemical matter accumulation and mechanical stress relaxation. At high current densities, the mismatch between the Li electrochemical flux (<span><math><msub><mi>J</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><msup><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>,</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) and the slower mass transport via mechanical deformation leads to interfacial voids and dendrite penetration. Here, we designed a porous, ultrathin mixed ionic–electronic conductor (MIEC) interlayer by confining the pore architecture to the nanoscale, activating interfacial-diffusional Coble creep and reconciling the kinetic–mechanical divergence in Li anodes. The accelerated stress-driven creep flux (<span><math><msub><mi>J</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><msup><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>,</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) effectively counterbalances the <span><math><msub><mi>J</mi><mrow><mi>L</mi><msup><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>,</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> even at high current densities, maintaining a stress-equilibrated, seamless interface. Theoretical simulations and experimental evidence confirm that this flux-matching mechanism promotes homogeneous nucleation and directs dense Li deposition. Consequently, symmetric cells with this nanoporous interlayer achieve an exceptional critical current density of 8.1 mA cm^–2 and stable cycling over 2000 h at 2 mA cm⁻², while the LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811) full cell deliver 83.8% capacity retention after 400 cycles at 2 C. This work establishes a mechanistic framework for harnessing size-dependent diffusion creep to stabilize Li metal anode interfaces in next-generation energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":306,"journal":{"name":"Energy Storage Materials","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 105633"},"PeriodicalIF":19.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149364306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}