{"title":"Origins of the crop production in Ukraine (on the materials of historical and archeological research)","authors":"G. Pashkevych, R. Boguslavskyi","doi":"10.36814/pgr.2019.24.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2019.24.11","url":null,"abstract":"Aim – on the basis of literary sources analysis and results of archaeological research, to define sortiment of cultivated plants were grown in the most ancient known period of agriculture in the territory of Ukraine – Trypillia culture, and also the state of agriculture in that time.\u0000\u0000Results. There is determined that the agriculture on the territory of Ukraine arose on the basis of a crops introduced from the South West Asian cultivated plants origin center through Balkans and Caucasus. The Trypillia tribes growed hulled wheats - emmer and eincorn, barley hulled and nacked, leguminous plants – peas and vetch ervilia. These crops were well adapted by their biological characteristics – resistance to climatic conditions, tolerance to soil conditions and resistance to fungal diseases – both to natural conditions and to primitive griculture level: tillage with horn and wood tools, harvesting not by sickles but by special devices for breaking off ears etc. At the same time, they satisfied people with nutritional and qualitative properties. Use by ancient growers of wild flora – herbaceous, fruit, nutty, berry plants, grapes, forest species is considered. These crops were the start from which agriculture began in Ukraine. In the modern period in Ukraine, as in the whole world, interest in ancient crops as sources of \"healthy nutrition\" is renewed. On the basis of ancient forms of spelt and emmer, domestic breeding varieties were created.\u0000\u0000Conclusions. The most ancient known period of agriculture on the territory of Ukraine is Trypillia culture. The Trypillia tribes grew hulled wheats, barley, peas and ervil vetch. These crops were well adapted both to natural conditions and to the primitive agriculture level. Plants of wild-growing flora were used also. Ukraine is not included in the primary or secondary cultivated plants origin centers. But the talent and industriousness of the population in combination with various, predominantly favorable natural conditions conditioned the development of of the cultivated plants diversity through the creative role of the initially folk and then scientific breeding, in which Ukraine occupies leading positions in the world.","PeriodicalId":306712,"journal":{"name":"Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116632888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"State of National Plant Genebank of Ukraine in wartime of 2022","authors":"V. Riabchun, N. Kuzmyshyna, R. Bohuslavskyi","doi":"10.36814/pgr.2022.30.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2022.30.01","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to analyze the state of the National Plant Genebank of Ukraine in the first half of 2022, during the military aggression of the Russian Federation.\u0000Results and Discussion. There is carried out formation and maintaining of the National Plant Genebank of Ukraine in wartime conditions of the first half of 2022. One of the largest National Plant Genebanks in terms of number and genetic diversity has been formed in Ukraine, which includes 154.000 accessions of 544 crops and 1.802 plant species. The formation and management of the National Plant Genebank is carried out by 30 institutions of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS), which are united in the Plant Genetic Resources System of Ukraine (PGRSU) under the scientific-methodical and organizational management of the National Center of the PGRSU. The military actions of the Russian Federation against Ukraine disrupted the normal course of the scientific process and made it practically impossible in four temporarily occupied institutions. The Institute of Bast Crops of NAAS and the Institute of Potatoes of NAAS resumed their work after the temporary occupation. The experimental base of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuryev of NAAS, the main building and warehouses of the Institute of Vegetable and Melon Growing of NAAS. Despite the difficult conditions, the scientists preserve and study the genepool accessions and enrich the National Plant Gene Bank with new sources of valuable economic and biological traits.\u0000Conclusions. The National Plant Genebank of Ukraine is maintained under conditions of war with the Russian Federation. Most of accessions have been relocated to safer regions. Accessions and collections submitted for registration undergo examination. Accessions and collections submitted for registration are being examined. The National collection of plant gene pool accessionss and duplicate collections are maintained. On-line communication with institutions in the temporarily occupied territory is maintained.","PeriodicalId":306712,"journal":{"name":"Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources)","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123269429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reaction norm of introduced potato samples by economic traits under Polissia conditions of Ukraine","authors":"V. Hordienko","doi":"10.36814/pgr.2021.28.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2021.28.01","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the reaction norms in introduced potato varieties and backcrosses of multi-species hybrids upon cultivation in the woodlands of Ukraine.\u0000Results and Discussion. Expression of major economically valuable traits in introduced potato accessions was studied in the woodlands of Ukraine. Varieties and backcrosses of multi-species hybrids bred in Ukraine and other countries were evaluated. Thirteen varieties were created by Belarusian breeders; 2 varieties were bred in the Netherlands; and 5 varieties - in Ukraine. Backcrosses of multi-species hybrids were kindly provided by the Scientific-Practical Center of NAS of Belarus.\u0000The introduced accessions responded differently to changes in soil and climatic conditions of cultivation. Valuable sources of individual or several economically valuable traits were selected; they show high reaction norms when grown in the woodlands of Ukraine and are recommended for practical breeding to create new varieties: Arizona and Harmoniia were distinguished due to their performance; Bohach, Lad, Alians, Dvorets, Vektor, and Harmoniia – due to the starch content in tubers; Harmoniia – due to several features. Of the backcrosses of multi-species hybrids introduced from Belarus, accessions with high performance (9-10-11, 54-10-3, 19u06-2a, 89u06-2a, 210.76a / 07-32, 9-10-11, and 212.81-7), tuber weight (9-10-11), starch content in tubers (9-10-11, 65-09-9, 56-09-38, 212.48-1, 54-10-3, and 89у06-2а), and several useful features (9-10-11) were selected. Sources of resistance to soft rot were also identified: 212.216-2, 65-09-9, and 212.81-7.\u0000Conclusions. Three-year studies of introduced accessions allow us to draw conclusions about the value of selected forms for breeding as sources of individual or several economically valuable traits.","PeriodicalId":306712,"journal":{"name":"Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122484260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Solonechna, V. Riabchun, V. Muzafarova, L. Vecherska, R. Bohuslavskyi
{"title":"Trait collection of spring durum wheat by pasta properties as a source of valuable starting \u0000material for breeding","authors":"O. Solonechna, V. Riabchun, V. Muzafarova, L. Vecherska, R. Bohuslavskyi","doi":"10.36814/pgr.2022.30.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36814/pgr.2022.30.05","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To evaluate the genetic diversity of spring durum wheat accessions, to systematize them, to select reference accessions for pasta qualities and valuable economic traits, and to form a trait collection.\u0000Results and Discussion. 2016-2019 studies resulted in the trait collection by pasta qualities based on the genetic diversity of spring durum wheat accessions from the NCPGRU collection. The trait collection comprises 64 accessions from 11 countries (including 17 Ukrainian accessions; the foreign ones were received from the following countries: 22 accessions from Kazakhstan; nine – from Russia; three – from Italy; three – from France; three – from Azerbaijan; two – from Canada; Belarus, USA, Syria, and Albania provided one accessions each). The collection accessions represent one botanical species (Triticum durum Desf.) and seven varieties (var. falcatimelanopus, var. hordeiforme, var. leucomelan, var. leucurum, var. melanopus, var. muticohordeiforme, var. rubriprovinciale). The collection was formed by 20 traits, including; in addition to the main indicators of pasta qualities of grain (vitreousness, flour and pasta color, weight increase, volume increase, cooking loss, total pasta score), valuable economic traits were also studied: growing period, performance, plant height, resistance to diseases and lodging, thousand kernel weight, protein content in grain and flour. Eleven spring durum wheat accessions with high pasta qualities (the total score of 7.0-9.0 points) were identified: Meisa, Nadiusha, МІП Kseniia (UKR), Omskaia Biriuza, Dar Chernozemia 2 (RUS), Rozaliia (BLR), Boshak, Kustanayskaia 1, Asangaly 20 (KAZ), Valdyur (FRA), and Capeiti 8 (ITA). The collection comprises 12 valuable accessions registered with the NCPGRU: Kharkivska 27, Kharkivska 39, Terra, MIP Raiduzhna, Damsinskaia 40, Valnova, Capeiti 8, Senatore Cappelli, etc.\u0000Conclusions. Decline in the spring durum wheat area in Ukraine leads to the production of pasta mainly from bread wheat flour or from imported raw materials. Our research is focused on solving this problem. The trait collection by pasta qualities is of significant value for science and production. It is starting material to breed new productive cultivars with high grain quality and a set of important economic characteristics.","PeriodicalId":306712,"journal":{"name":"Genetičnì resursi roslin (Plant Genetic Resources)","volume":"37 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128801315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}