Pandecta Research Law Journal最新文献

{"title":"Efektifitas Pengaturan dan Pengawasan Bisnis Financial Technology (Peer to Peer Lending) di Indonesia","authors":"Kornelius Benuf, Ery Agus Priyono, Siti Mahmudah, S. Badriyah, Bagus Rahmanda, Amiek Soemarmi","doi":"10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.21777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.21777","url":null,"abstract":"In the industrial era 4.0 as it is now, the ease and speed of getting something are highly sought after, including the ease and speed of obtaining financial services. Financial Technology (Fintech) is a digital commercial service that offers and provides convenience and speed of financial services. The emergence of Fintech certainly makes it easy for people to get financial assistance. But as a state of law, Indonesia must regulate Fintech's business practices. Including the implementation of Fintech's business, it must be controlled and monitored by existing laws in Indonesia, not just stopping the formation of the rules, but also must be ensured that the rules apply effectively. This study aims to describe the basis for Fintech's business arrangements in Indonesia and will explain the effectiveness of the regulation in society. The writing method used is normative juridical, with a statutory approach, using secondary data by analyzing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Based on the research results, it is known that in Indonesia, Fintech's business is regulated by three institutions, namely the Ministry of Communication and Information, Bank Indonesia, and the Financial Services Authority. Regarding the effectiveness of the rules regarding the implementation of Fintech in Indonesia has not been going well because there are still shortages both in terms of legal structure, a legal substance, and legal culture.","PeriodicalId":30516,"journal":{"name":"Pandecta Research Law Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89161475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kebijakan Penal Mengenai Kriminalisasi dan Penalisasi terhadap Korporasi (Analisis terhadap Undang-undang bidang Lingkungan Hidup)","authors":"Mahrus Ali","doi":"10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.23833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.23833","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan penal mengenai kriminalisasi terhadap korporasi dalam undang-undang bidang lingkungan hidup. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normative dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa hanya UU PPPH dan UU PPLH yang mengatur tentang tindak pidana oleh korporasi dengan mengadopsi doktrin identifikasi dan teori pelaku fungsional. Kriteria penentuan pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi hanya ditemukan pengaturannya di dalam UU PPLH, yaitu sepanjang pengurus mempunyai kedudukan fungsional dalam struktur organisasi korporasi yang bersangkutan. Oleh karena itu, teori strict liability perlu diadopsi terutama untuk delik-delik yang bergantung kepada persyaratan administratif. Keempat UU yang diteliti mengatur sanksi pidana bagi korporasi meskipun ancaman pidananya bervariasi dan relatif berat. Sayangnya, ketentuan tersebut tidak diikuti dengan aturan pelaksanaan pidana sehingga berpengaruh kepada penerapan aturan tersebut di tahap aplikasi karena pelaku lebih memilih menjalani pidana kurungan daripada membayar denda. This research is aimed at analyzing penal policy on criminalization against corporation in the Laws related to environment. By using normative legal research accompanied by statutue and conceptual approaches, this study reveals that offense to corporation is only formulated in both Illegal Logging Act and Environmental Protection and Management Act (EPMA) adopting doctrine of identification and functioneel daaderschap. Meanwhile, only EPMA that formulates the criteria for corporate official to be criminally liability for the offense as long as he acts as a functional position in the corporate structure. It is also suggested to adopt strict liabity for administrative dependent of criminal law. All Acts determine the criminal sanction for the petpetrators in the various severity of punishment. This study also found that the strafmodus for fine in those Acts was not formulated. Hence, they prefer to choose short imprisonment then that of fine. This will give impact to the application of the provision.","PeriodicalId":30516,"journal":{"name":"Pandecta Research Law Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"261-272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84891027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penataan Ruang dan Peran Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan Wilayah","authors":"E. Sinaga","doi":"10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.23717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.23717","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia memiliki wilayah daratan dan lautan yang sangat luas, untuk itu perlu dilakukan penataan agar dapat dimanfaatkan sebesar-besarnya untuk kemakmuran rakyat. Pemerintah Indonesia telah membuat Undang-undang Nomor 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang. Namun masyarakat masih kurang peduli dan belum memahami esensi penataan ruang. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan hukum normatif untuk menjelaskan berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku berkaitan dengan penataan ruang dan peran masyarakat, serta upaya yang harus dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peraturan perundang-undangan atau kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah telah memberikan peran bagi masyarakat secara optimal, dan komprehensif terhadap keterlibatan masyarakat. Reforma agraria dikatakan berhasil jika dapat mempersempit jurang kesenjangan antar kelas dan antar sektor. Reforma agraria yang dijalankan pemerintah bergantung pada tingkat respons terhadap penataan ruang dan peran masyarakat. Upaya yang perlu dilakukan dalam meningkatkan peran masyarakat dalam perencanaan tata ruang, antara lain dengan mempersiapkan peraturan yang lebih operasional, berupa pedoman pelibatan peran masyarakat dalam penataan ruang yang lebih teknis dan rinci, serta mudah dipahami. Indonesia has vast land and sea area, so it is necessary to arrange it to be utilized as much as possible for prosperity. Indonesia has enacted Law Number 26 /2007 on Spatial Planning. However, the public still does not care and understand it. The research uses a normative legal approach to explain various applicable laws and regulations relating to spatial planning and the community's roles. The implementation of regional spatial planning is inseparable from the role of land stewardship, which is a sub-system of spatial planning in realizing spatial plans for the benefit of the community somewhat. Spatial planning carried out by the government depends on the level of response and the role of the community. Efforts that need to enhance the role of the community in spatial planning, among others, are by preparing more operational regulations, in the form of guidelines for involving the community's role in spatial planning that is more technical and detailed, and easy to understand.","PeriodicalId":30516,"journal":{"name":"Pandecta Research Law Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75125299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penghindaran Pajak Dalam Diskursus Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang","authors":"Nindi Achid Arifki, Ilima Fitri Azmi","doi":"10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.18667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.18667","url":null,"abstract":"Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tindakan penghindaran pajak terhadap ketentuan formil tindak pidana pencucian uang secara yuridis. Penghindaran Pajak sendiri merupakan subsistem pada objek Tindak Pidana Pajak yang pada dasarnya dapat menimbulkan kerugian pada pendapatan negara sebagaimana tercantum dalam peraturan perpajakan. Kerugian pada pendapatan negara merupakan bagian dari konsep kerugian keuangan negara baik yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Korupsi maupun dalam lingkup Hukum Keuangan Negara. Adanya kerugian pada pendapatan negara dalam tindak pidana perpajakan memunculkan suatu diskursus terkait peruntukan atas hasil kerugian pendapatan negara oleh pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang (TPPU). Menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan penelusuran preskripsi doktrinal serta pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penghindaran pajak dalam diskursus tindak pidana pencucian uang pada konstruksi hukum tindak pidana pajak sebagai Predicate Crime. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah menempatkan kegiatan penghindaran pajak sebagai kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan tindak pidana pajak dan TPPU karena 2 argumen pokok yaitu sifat dan bentuk dari penghindaran pajak, selain itu dalam penegakan hukum TPPU dan Tindak Pidana Pajak dalam prosesnya menggunakan asas concursus realis dalam memaknai Predicate Crime dan Derivatif Crime . This article aims to study tax avoidance towards formal requirements of money laundering crime juridically . Tax Avoidance is a subsystem on the object of Tax Crimes, which basically can cause losses to state revenues as stated in tax regulations. Losses on state revenues are part of the concept of loss of state finances, whether regulated in the Corruption Act or within the scope of State Finance Law. The loss of state income in tax crimes raises a discourse regarding the allocation of the results of a loss of state income by the perpetrators of Money Laundering (TPPU). Using the normative juridical method using the search for doctrinal prescriptions and the Statute approach, this paper attempts to examine tax avoidance in the discourse of money laundering in the legal construction of tax crimes as the Predicate Crime. The conclusion obtained is to place tax avoidance activities as activities related to tax crime and TPPU because of two main arguments, namely the nature and form of tax avoidance, in addition to the TPPU law enforcement and Tax Crime in the process using the realist concursus principle in interpreting the Predicate Crime and Derivative Crime.","PeriodicalId":30516,"journal":{"name":"Pandecta Research Law Journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"167-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78744657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berdamai dengan Para Pencuri (As-Sulhu sebagai Cara Penyelesaian Pencurian di Batang Kumu)","authors":"Salma Salma, Ritonga Najuddin, Masna Yunita","doi":"10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.24299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.24299","url":null,"abstract":"Pencurian adalah kejahatan universal dan dihukum berat para pelakunya dalam setiap komunitas masyarakat. Hukum Islam menjelaskan bahwa pencurian termasuk kategori hudud dengan hukuman tertinggi potong tangan. Berbeda dengan Indonesia, pencuri dihukum dengan hukuman penjara dan tertinggi dengan hukuman mati seperti yang dijelaskan dalam pasal 362-367 KUHP. Di wilayah Batang Kumu, Riau kasus pencurian tidak diselesaikan oleh kepolisian tetapi diselesaikan secara adat oleh para tetua dengan mendamaikan kedua pihak dan di dalamnya terlibat kepolisian. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian lapangan dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dengan para pencuri, korban pencurian, tetua adat, perwakilan masyarakat dan ulama lokal. Data juga dikumpulkan melalui studi dokumen dan akhirnya data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik reduksi, display dan verifikasi (penarikan kesimpulan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cukup banyak kasus pencurian yang terjadi di wilayah Batang Kumu. Pencurian itu dilakukan oleh warga sekitar Batang Kumu, sehingga Kepala Desa mengeluarkan imbauan yang berisi tentang peringatan dan ancaman adat bagi orang yang mencuri. Kasus-kasus pencurian diselesaikan melalui perdamaian dan tetua agama dan adat menjadi mediator atau juru perdamaian antara orang yang mencuri dan korban pencurian serta disaksikan oleh sebagian warga masyarakat. Model perdamaian itu bisa dibenarkan dalam konsep as-sulhu karena pencurian sebagai bagian dari hudud bisa dimaafkan selama kasus itu belum sampai pada pihak berwenang. Uniknya, di antara hukuman adat yang diberikan adalah hukuman kurungan setidaknya selama satu minggu di tahanan kepolisian atas nama pinjaman polisi kepada para tetua adat. Theft is a universal crime and severely punished by the perpetrators in every community. Islamic law explains that the theft is one of the hudud categories with the severest punishment for cutting hand. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, a thief is sentenced to imprisonment, and the severest punishment is a death penalty, as described in articles 362-367 of the Criminal Code (KUHP). In the Batang Kumu area, Riau Province, the theft cases were not resolved by the law but were resolved customarily by reconciling the two parties and involved police institutions. The field research used in-depth interviews with thieves, victims of the theft, religious elders, and community representatives. Data collected through document studies. The results showed that there were a quite number of theft cases occurred in the Batang Kumu area. The theft was carried out by residents around Batang Kumu, so the village head issued an appeal containing warnings and common threats for theft. The theft cases resolved peacefully. Religious and customary elders have become mediators or peacekeepers between victims and the thief (s). Some people of the community witnessed the reconciliations. The model of reconciliation justified as a sulhu concept.  Theft is part of hudud,","PeriodicalId":30516,"journal":{"name":"Pandecta Research Law Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"283-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88424998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penyalahgunaan Keadaan (Misbruik van Omstagdigheden) dalam Kesepakatan Perjanjian Kredit","authors":"Etty Mulyati","doi":"10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.19527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.19527","url":null,"abstract":"Perjanjian kredit perbankan dalam praktik dibuat dalam bentuk perjanjian baku yang isinya ditentukan secara sepihak oleh pihak bank sebagai pihak yang dominan, sedangkan pihak debitur hanya dapat menyetujuinya dan dengan terpaksa menerima semua persyaratan yang sudah dibakukan oleh pihak bank. Ketidakseimbangan kedudukan para pihak dalam perjanjian baku, dapat dimanfaatkan oleh pihak yang dominan untuk melakukan penyalahgunaan keadaan dan pihak yang kedudukannya lebih rendah akan mengalami keadaan yang kurang menguntungkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bagaimana penyalahgunaan keadaan dalam kesepakatan perjanjian kredit perbankan. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penyalahgunaan keadaan tidak hanya berhubungan dengan isi perjanjian, tetapi juga berhubungan dengan apa yang telah terjadi pada saat lahirnya perjanjian. Debitur yang sangat membutuhkan dana, sebagai pihak yang berada dalam keadaan darurat dapat dengan terpaksa menyetujui isi perjanjian kredit walaupun persyaratannya sangat memberatkan, sementara pihak bank secara ekonomi dan psikologis mempunyai kedudukan yang lebih kuat. Di Indonesia penyalahgunaan keadaan belum diatur secara jelas dalam KUHPerdata. Diperlukan adanya perubahan dan pengembangan KUHPerdata terkait penyalahgunaan keadaan agar terjadi keseimbangan antara penerapan asas kebebasan berkontrak dan penerapan asas kepatutan, keadilan dan keseimbangan.","PeriodicalId":30516,"journal":{"name":"Pandecta Research Law Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89247587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tinjauan Kebijakan Pidana terhadap Martabat Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden dalam RKUHP","authors":"Wemby Adhiatma Satrio Prayogo","doi":"10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.22402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.22402","url":null,"abstract":"Penghinaan terhadap Kepala Negara atau Presiden dan/atau Wakil Presiden kembali dihadirkan dalam rancangan kitab undang-undang hukum pidana versi Agustus 2019. Tentu hal ini menimbulkan kegamangan atas ketentuan tersebut yang sebelumnya pernah dicabut melalui proses negative legislation oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam putusan No. 13-22/PUU-IV/2006. Melalui riset ini penulis menitik beratkan tinjauan pada konsep kriminalisasi kejahatan dan konsep pidana serta pemidanaan yang dirumuskan pada pasal tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa selain kriminalisasi tindak pidana penghinaan presiden dan/atau wakil presiden sudah tidak relevan dengan kondisi saat ini disertai dengan  alasan hukumnya, konsep pidana pada pasal  tersebut juga tidak selaras dengan 4 (empat) misi pembentukan hukum pidana nasional yaitu misi dekolonialisasi hukum pidana, demokratisasi hukum pidana, konsolidasi hukum pidana, dan adaptasi serta harmonisasi hukum pidana terhadap berbagai perkembangan baru dibidang hukum pidana. Konsep pemidanaan yang dituangkan juga jauh dari semangat restorative justice sebagai tujuan pemidanaan. The defamation to the President and Vice President represented in the criminal law draft in August 2019. This criminalization created uncertainty over the provision that had previously been revoked through the Constitutional Court's negative legislation in the ruling No. 13-22 / PUU-IV / 2006. This study reviews the concept of criminalization and the concept of crime and punishment formulated in the article. This study concludes that criminal acts that insult the President or vice president are no longer relevant to the current conditions. The criminal concept in the article is also not in line with the 4 (four) missions for the formation of national criminal law. They are the decolonization, democratization, consolidation of criminal, and adaptation and harmonization of criminal law. The concept of punishment also far from the spirit of restorative justice as a goal of punishment.","PeriodicalId":30516,"journal":{"name":"Pandecta Research Law Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"207-217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84861350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kebijakan Kriminal Non Penal Dengan Techno Prevention (Analisis Pencegahan Konten Negatif melalui Internet)","authors":"Cahya Wulandari","doi":"10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.23650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.23650","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of information technology, especially related to the use of the internet, having a positive and negative impact. The negative impact of the use of technological developments and the spread of negative content encourages a non-criminal criminal policy through techno prevention. The use of various internet programs and applications that have been created by Kemenkominfo become one form of non-criminal policy through efforts to use techno prevention in overcoming the spread of negative content. Techno prevention forms include Internet Sehat dan Aman (INSAN), Internet Cerdas Kreatif dan Produktif (INCAKAP), software Whitelist Nusantara, Family Link application, YouTube Kids, Dinner Time, MamaBear, Bandwidth throttling, and a number of say no to hoax fanpage and discussion groups, Trend Micro Online Guardian, YouDiligence, Avira Social Network Protection and STOPit.  Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi khususnya terkait dengan penggunaan internet selain memberikan dampak positif juga memberi dampak negatif. Dampak negatif dari penggunaan perkembangan teknologi dan adanya penyebaran konten negatif mendorong suatu kebijakan kriminal non penal melalui techno prevention . Penggunaan berbagai program dan aplikasi internet yang telah diciptakan oleh Kemenkominfo menjadi salah satu bentuk kebijakan kriminal non penal melalui upaya penggunaan techno prevention dalam penanggulangan penyebaran konten negatif. Bentuk techno prevention diantaranya, program Internet Sehat dan Aman (INSAN), Internet Cerdas Kreatif dan Produktif (INCAKAP), software Whitelist Nusantara, aplikasi Family Link, YouTube Kids, Dinner Time, MamaBear, Bandwidth throttling, dan sejumlah fanpage dan grup diskusi anti hoax , Trend Micro Online Guardian , YouDiligence, Avira Social Network Protection dan STOPit.","PeriodicalId":30516,"journal":{"name":"Pandecta Research Law Journal","volume":"154 1","pages":"228-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75165740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deviasi Hukum dan Moral dalam Sistem Regulasi dan Pelayanan Badan Pelaksana Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan","authors":"Saharuddin Daming","doi":"10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.23932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.23932","url":null,"abstract":"Kesehatan merupakan kebutuhan dasar sekaligus menjadi bagian penting dari hak asasi manusia yang harus dipenuhi oleh negara. Karena itu, pasal 3 Undang-Undang Nomor 36 tahun 2009 mengamanatkan bahwa pemerintah harus mewujudkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat setinggi-tingginya sebagai investasi bagi pembangunan sumber daya manusia yang produktif secara sosial dan ekonomis. Sistem jaminan sosial nasional merupakan program negara yang bertujuan memberikan kepastian perlindungan dan kesejahteraan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Pasal 28H ayat (1), ayat (2), dan ayat (3) dan Pasal 34 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Selain itu, dalam Ketetapan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat Nomor X/MPR/2001, Presiden ditugaskan untuk membentuk sistem jaminan sosial nasional dalam rangka memberikan perlindungan sosial bagi masyarakat yang lebih menyeluruh dan terpadu. Untuk maksud tersebut, lahirlah Undang-undang No 40 tahun 2004 Tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional, disusul Undang-undang No 24 tahun 2011 Tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial. Berdasarkan regulasi tersebut, maka Negara melalui Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan sosial akan mengoptimalkan layanan sebaik-baiknya demi terwujudnya pemenuhan hak kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Karena itu tulisan ini akan meneliti bentuk deviasi dalam sistem layanan yang menghambat optimalisasi dalam melaksanakan pemenuhan hak kesehatan bagi masyarakat, selain itu, juga mengkaji perbandingan antara sistem layanan dalam Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial kesehatan dengan asuransi kesehatan pada umumnya. Health is a basic need as well as an important part of human rights that must be fulfilled by the state. Therefore, article 3 of Law Number 36 of 2009 mandates that the government must realize the highest degree of public health as an investment for the development of socially and economically productive human resources.  National social security system is a state program that aims to provide certainty of protection and social welfare for all people as mandated in Article 28H paragraph (1), paragraph (2), and paragraph (3) and Article 34 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In addition, in the Decree of the People's Consultative Assembly Number X / MPR / 2001, the President was assigned to establish a national social security system in order to provide a more comprehensive and integrated social protection for the people.For this purpose, Law No. 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System was born, followed by Law No. 24 of 2011 concerning Social Security Organizing Bodies. Based on these regulations, the State through Social Security Organizing Bodies for health will optimize the best possible services for the realization of the fulfillment of the right to health for the community. Therefore this paper will examine the form of deviations in the service system that inhibits the optimization in implement","PeriodicalId":30516,"journal":{"name":"Pandecta Research Law Journal","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73687899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analisis Hukum Kedaulatan Digital Indonesia","authors":"Siti Yuniarti, Erni Herawati","doi":"10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.18293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15294/PANDECTA.V15I2.18293","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrak Perkembangan TIK, khususnya internet, memunculkan berbagai aktivitas melalui ruang siber ( cyberspace ) yang memunculkan manfaat dan resiko secara bersamaan. Dalam perspektif negara, pemanfaatan TIK dapat dioptimalkan untuk menjalankan fungsi negara dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Guna mendorong pemanfaatan dalam ruang siber secara optimal, diskusi mengenai kedaulatan negara dalam ruang siber menjadi salah satu pertanyaan mendasar. Penegakan kedaulatan digital oleh negara kerap pula diperlukan untuk meminimalisasi efek negatif yang timbul pada lingkup politik, sosial, ekonomi, budaya dan keamanan nasional. Olehkarenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana kedaulatan digital diinterprestasikan oleh Indonesia melalui instrumen pemerintahan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tahap awal yang memerlukan penelitian lanjutan. Menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, penelitian awal ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam rangka pembentukan kedaulatan digital oleh negara, Indonesia saat ini memusatkan pada pembentukan cyber territory dan sumber daya manusia sebagai langkah awal untuk membangun kedaulatan digital. Namun, Indonesia belum memiliki regulasi pada level undang-undang yang secara khusus mengatur mengenai perlindungan data pribadi. The development of ICT's, especially the internet, has led to various activities through cyberspace that has generated benefits and risks simultaneously—from a state's perspective, using ICTs to carry out the state's function in externalizing the welfare's society. To optimize cyberspace's utilization, the discussion on state sovereignty in cyberspace is one of the fundamental questions. The state's enforcement of digital sovereignty is often needed to minimize the adverse effects on political, social, economic, cultural, and national security. Therefore, this research goal is to analyze how Indonesia interprets digital sovereignty through government instruments. This research is early-stage research that requires further research. This preliminary study concludes that Indonesia is currently focusing on developing cyber territory and human resources as a first step to develop Indonesia's digital sovereignty. However, the protection of personal data has not been covered by a specific personal data act at this moment.","PeriodicalId":30516,"journal":{"name":"Pandecta Research Law Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"154-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87772576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}