JRSM Cardiovascular Disease最新文献

{"title":"Inter-reader agreement of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT for the quantification of carotid artery plaque inflammation.","authors":"Kjersti Johnsrud,&nbsp;Therese Seierstad,&nbsp;David Russell,&nbsp;Mona-Elisabeth Revheim","doi":"10.1177/2048004020980941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2048004020980941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>A significant proportion of ischemic strokes are caused by emboli from unstable atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques. Inflammation is a key feature of plaque instability. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-deoxy-2-(¹⁸F)-fluoro-D-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG) is a promising technique to quantify plaque inflammation, but a consensus on the methodology has not been established. High inter-reader agreement is essential if ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT is to be used as a clinical tool for the assessment of unstable plaques and stroke risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the inter-reader variability of different methods for quantification of ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in 43 patients with carotid artery stenosis ≥70%. Two independent readers delineated the plaque and collected maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) from all axial PET slices containing the atherosclerotic plaque.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Uptake values with and without background correction were calculated and intraclass correlation coefficients were highest for uncorrected uptake values (0.97-0.98) followed by those background corrected by subtraction (0.89-0.94) and lowest for those background corrected by division (0.74-0.79).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quantification methods without background correction have the highest inter-reader agreement for ¹⁸F-FDG PET of carotid artery plaque inflammation. The use of the single highest uptake value (max SUV_max) from the plaque will facilitate the method's clinical utility in stroke prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"2048004020980941"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2048004020980941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38786879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary embolism: Successful treatment of floating thrombus in SFJ after vena cava filter insertion and surgical thrombectomy.","authors":"Andrea Ascoli Marchetti,&nbsp;Bernardo Orellana Davila,&nbsp;Fabio Massimo Oddi,&nbsp;Arnaldo Ippoliti","doi":"10.1177/2048004020976256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2048004020976256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The floating venous thrombus in the common femoral vein has a high potential risk for pulmonary embolization. Clinical treatments, using anticoagulants or fibrinolytic, open thrombectomies, or thrombectomies by endovascular devices have all been used. Our case describe an obese patient affected by floating thrombus coming from GSV and diving in common femoral vein successful treated by combined both temporary vena cava insertion and open surgical thrombectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"2048004020976256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2048004020976256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38351388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Netrin-1: Focus on its role in cardiovascular physiology and atherosclerosis.","authors":"Vasco Claro, Albert Ferro","doi":"10.1177/2048004020959574","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2048004020959574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The netrins form a family of laminin-related proteins which were first described as modulators of cell migration and axonal guidance during fetal development. Netrin-1 is the most extensively studied member of this family and, since its discovery, non-neural roles have been associated with it. Together with its receptors, DCC/neogenin and UNC5, netrin-1 has been shown to be involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, organogenesis, cancer and inflammation. An NF-κB-dependent truncated isoform of netrin-1 has also been shown to be produced in endothelial and some types of cancer cells, which both accumulates in and affects the function of the nucleus. In atherosclerosis, conflicting roles for netrin-1 have been reported on plaque progression via its receptor UNC5b. Whereas endothelial-derived netrin-1 inhibits chemotaxis of leukocytes and reduces the migration of monocytes to the atherosclerotic plaque, netrin-1 expressed by macrophages within the plaque plays a pro-atherogenic role, promoting cell survival, recruiting smooth muscle cells and inhibiting foam cell egress to the lymphatic system. In contrast, there is evidence that netrin-1 promotes macrophage differentiation to an alternative activated phenotype and induces expression of IL-4 and IL-13, while downregulate expression of IL-6 and COX-2. Further work is needed to elucidate the precise roles of the two isoforms of netrin-1 in different cell types in the context of atherosclerosis, and its potential as a putative novel therapeutic target in this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"2048004020959574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/61/f2/10.1177_2048004020959574.PMC7691900.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38678644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of pulmonary hypertension in older adults based on vital capacity and systolic pulmonary artery pressure.","authors":"Simon Wernhart,&nbsp;Jürgen Hedderich","doi":"10.1177/2048004020973834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2048004020973834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Right heart catheterization (RHC) is associated with a higher procedural risk in older adults, but non-invasive estimation of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a challenge. We aimed to elaborate a non-invasive prediction model to estimate PH.</p><p><strong>Methods and design: </strong>We retrospectively analysed 134 older adults (70.0 years ±12.3; 44.9% males) who reported to our clinic with unclear dyspnea between 01/2015 and 01/2020 and had received RHC as a part of their diagnostic workup. Lung function testing, analysis of blood gas samples, 6 min walk distance and echocardiography were performed within 24 hours of RHC.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measures: </strong>In a stepwise statistical approach by using an in/exclusion algorithm (using the AIC criterion) we analysed non-invasive parameters to test their value in predicting PH (defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure, PA_mean, >25mmHg). Discrimination capability of the final model was measured by the AUC (area under curve) from an ROC (receiver operating characteristics) analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We yielded a sensitivity of 87.2% and a specificity of 62.5% in a combinatorial logistical model with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) and forced vital capacity (VC_max), the discrimination index was 86.7%. The odds ratios for an increase of 10 mmHg of sPAP were 2.99 (2.08-4.65) and 1.86 (1.11-3.21) for a 1 l decrease in VC_max. On their own, VC_max proved to be specific (83.3%), while sPAP was a sensitive (79.1%) predictor for PH.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We provide a combinatorial model to predict PH from sPAP and VC_max in older adults, which may help to avoid invasive procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"2048004020973834"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2048004020973834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38647008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between coronary slow flow phenomenon and carotid femoral pulse wave velocity and aortic elastic properties.","authors":"Hasan Akkaya,&nbsp;Ertuğrul Emre Güntürk","doi":"10.1177/2048004020973094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2048004020973094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between coronary slow flow (CSF) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>78 (27 women, mean age 43.95 ± 7.28) patients with CSF, and 70 (22 women, mean age 44.34 ± 7.08) healthy individuals were included in the study. Arterial stiffness measurement was performed to both groups via CFPWV, which is considered the gold standard. Aortic elastic properties (ASI-β and aortic distensibility) were evaluated in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CSF group had significantly higher CFPWV and aortic distensibility values and significantly lower ASI-β values compared to the control group. There was a positive correlation between TIMI frame count (TFC) obtained in all coronary arteries and CFPWV and aortic distensibility, and a negative correlation between TFC and ASI-β. It was determined that CFPWV predicted CSF with 97% specificity and 98% sensitivity at a 7.68 cut-off value (ROC area = 994, p < 0.001). ASI-β was determined to predict CSF with 64% specificity and 47% sensitivity at a 2.98 cut-off value (ROC area = 047, p < 0.001). Aortic distensibility was determined to predict CSF with 76% specificity and 79% sensitivity at a 3.94 cut-off value (ROC area = 706, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Arterial stiffness increases in CSF patients, suggesting that CSF is a systemic pathology rather than a local disease and that a systemic cause such as atherosclerosis plays a role in etiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"2048004020973094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2048004020973094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38647004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of virtual fractional flow reserve derived from routine coronary angiography using segmentation free reduced order (1-dimensional) flow modelling.","authors":"Kevin Mohee,&nbsp;Jonathan P Mynard,&nbsp;Gauravsingh Dhunnoo,&nbsp;Rhodri Davies,&nbsp;Perumal Nithiarasu,&nbsp;Julian P Halcox,&nbsp;Daniel R Obaid","doi":"10.1177/2048004020967578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2048004020967578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Fractional flow reserve (FFR) improves assessment of the physiological significance of coronary lesions compared with conventional angiography. However, it is an invasive investigation. We tested the performance of a virtual FFR (1D-vFFR) using routine angiographic images and a rapidly performed reduced order computational model.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) was performed in 102 with coronary lesions assessed by invasive FFR. A 1D-vFFR for each lesion was created using reduced order (one-dimensional) computational flow modelling derived from conventional angiographic images and patient specific estimates of coronary flow. The diagnostic accuracy of 1D-vFFR and QCA derived stenosis was compared against the gold standard of invasive FFR using area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>QCA revealed the mean coronary stenosis diameter was 44% ± 12% and lesion length 13 ± 7 mm. Following angiography calculation of the 1DvFFR took less than one minute. Coronary stenosis (QCA) had a significant but weak correlation with FFR (r = -0.2, p = 0.04) and poor diagnostic performance to identify lesions with FFR <0.80 (AUC 0.39, p = 0.09), (sensitivity - 58% and specificity - 26% at a QCA stenosis of 50%). In contrast, 1D-vFFR had a better correlation with FFR (r = 0.32, p = 0.01) and significantly better diagnostic performance (AUC 0.67, p = 0.007), (sensitivity - 92% and specificity - 29% at a 1D-vFFR of 0.7).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>1D-vFFR improves the determination of functionally significant coronary lesions compared with conventional angiography without requiring a pressure-wire or hyperaemia induction. It is fast enough to influence immediate clinical decision-making but requires further clinical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"2048004020967578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2048004020967578","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38632878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiology and clinical utility of the peripheral venous waveform.","authors":"Devin Chang,&nbsp;Philip J Leisy,&nbsp;Jenna H Sobey,&nbsp;Srijaya K Reddy,&nbsp;Colleen Brophy,&nbsp;Bret D Alvis,&nbsp;Kyle Hocking,&nbsp;Monica Polcz","doi":"10.1177/2048004020970038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2048004020970038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The peripheral venous system serves as a volume reservoir due to its high compliance and can yield information on intravascular volume status. Peripheral venous waveforms can be captured by direct transduction through a peripheral catheter, non-invasive piezoelectric transduction, or gleaned from other waveforms such as the plethysmograph. Older analysis techniques relied upon pressure waveforms such as peripheral venous pressure and central venous pressure as a means of evaluating fluid responsiveness. Newer peripheral venous waveform analysis techniques exist in both the time and frequency domains, and have been applied to various clinical scenarios including hypovolemia (i.e. hemorrhage, dehydration) and volume overload.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"2048004020970038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2048004020970038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38607172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive and negative well-being of older adults with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: A population-based investigation.","authors":"Snorri Bjorn Rafnsson,&nbsp;Gerry Fowkes","doi":"10.1177/2048004020961717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2048004020961717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated positive and negative subjective well-being in relation to lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) in a sample of older adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>4760 participants in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) provided baseline data on symptomatic PAD, sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle risk factors, and co-morbid conditions. Baseline and two-year follow-up data were available for life satisfaction, quality of life, and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with PAD symptoms had lower baseline levels of life satisfaction (β = -0.03, p < .05) and quality of life (β = -0.04, p < .01), and more depressive symptoms (β = 0.03, p < .05). These associations remained statistically significant in multivariate analyses. Baseline PAD did not, however, influence well-being levels at two-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Greater awareness of the potential for chronic vascular morbidity to disrupt the lives of older adults is needed to inform effective multidisciplinary support and interventions that help maintain the quality of life of those affected.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"2048004020961717"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2048004020961717","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25315637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galactin-3 and soluble ST2 as complementary tools to cardiac MRI for sudden cardiac death risk stratification in heart failure: A review.","authors":"Niel N Shah,&nbsp;Puvanalingam Ayyadurai,&nbsp;Muhammad Saad,&nbsp;Constantine E Kosmas,&nbsp;Muhammad U Dogar,&nbsp;Upen Patel,&nbsp;Timothy J Vittorio","doi":"10.1177/2048004020957840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2048004020957840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heart failure (HF) is recognized as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Every year about 500,000 new cases of HF are diagnosed in the United States. The predominant etiology of death in HF patients include sudden cardiac death (SCD) and pump failure. Prediction of mode of death may help in devising management decisions. In patients with HF, the presence of myocardial fibrosis has been a known risk factor for SCD and thus it could be used as a criterion in risk stratification for SCD. However, the underlying pathophysiology of SCD is uncertain and controversial, which makes it necessary to develop newer tools to enhance SCD risk stratification. The newer tools should be innovative enough either to complement or to replace the currently available tools. In this scoping review, we highlighted the utilization of novel biomarkers galectin-3 (gal-3) and soluble ST2 (sST2) and discussed that how they might complement currently available tools such as, cardiac MRI (CMR) for SCD risk stratification in HF patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"2048004020957840"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2048004020957840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38516266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paravalvular leak closure with real time transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy fusion.","authors":"Hosam F Ahmed,&nbsp;John W Petersen,&nbsp;Anthony A Bavry,&nbsp;Mahmoud Alhussaini,&nbsp;Thomas M Beaver","doi":"10.1177/2048004020947290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2048004020947290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transcatheter technology has been increasingly used for paravalvular leak closure. We report the use of \"<i>Fusion Technology</i>\" (EchoNaviagator, Phillips, Tustin, CA) that combines real-time 2 and 3 dimensional trans-esophageal echocardiography with fluoroscopy imaging to facilitate paravalvular leak closure. This could help to identify the exact site, size, depth and shape of the paravalvular leak for proper positioning of the occluder device, which may result in saving time and effort.</p>","PeriodicalId":30457,"journal":{"name":"JRSM Cardiovascular Disease","volume":" ","pages":"2048004020947290"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2048004020947290","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38417303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}