Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety最新文献

{"title":"Exposure to microplastics during pregnancy and fetal liver function","authors":"Chuanzhuo Wang ,&nbsp;Hua Chang ,&nbsp;Huan Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Silu Ding ,&nbsp;Fang Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging evidence suggests that in-utero exposure to microplastics (MPs) may have physiological consequences for fetal development, yet human data remain limited. This study investigates the association between placental microplastic exposure and umbilical liver enzyme levels as markers of fetal hepatic function. A prospective cohort study was conducted in Shenyang, China, including 1057 pregnant women. Placental microplastic quantification was performed using LD-IR chemical imaging, targeting polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and polybutylene succinate (PBS). Umbilical cord blood was collected at delivery, and liver enzyme levels alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were analyzed using biochemical assays. Associations were assessed via multivariable regression models adjusting for maternal and socioeconomic confounders. Mixture effects were examined using Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) and quantile g-computation (g-comp). Placental microplastics were detected in most samples (PVC: 88.4 %, PP: 88.8 %, PBS: 89.1 %), with a median total MPs of 12 particles per 10 g of tissue (IQR: 8). Higher placental PVC particles was significantly associated with increased ALP levels (β = 28.07, 95 % CI: 6.65–49.49, p = 0.01). PP exposure correlated positively with ALT (β = 0.63, 95 % CI: 0.01–1.25, p = 0.05) and AST (β = 3.42, 95 % CI: 0.87–5.96, p = 0.01). Both PP and total MPs burden exhibited strong associations with GGT elevation (p &lt; 0.01). Mixture analysis revealed significant overall effects on ALP (β = 30.04, 95 % CI: 11.15–48.92, p &lt; 0.01), AST (β = 7.30, 95 % CI: 4.33–10.27, p &lt; 0.01), and GGT (β = 22.98, 95 % CI: 7.49–38.46, p &lt; 0.01), with ALT showing a suggestive positive trend. Our findings provide novel evidence that placental MP exposure is associated with altered fetal liver enzyme levels, particularly ALP, AST, and GGT, indicating potential impacts on hepatic function. These results underscore the need for further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and long-term health implications of prenatal MP exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 118099"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomics reveals increased toxicity in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) of the transformation product methyl-triclosan","authors":"J.D. Gillis ,&nbsp;G.W. Price ,&nbsp;S.O. Prasher ,&nbsp;Behnam Asgari Lajayer","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of triclosan (TCS) and its transformation product methyl-triclosan (MTCS) on the earthworm <em>Eisenia fetida</em> were investigated using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics. Earthworms were exposed to 0, 0.25, 1, 4, 16, and 64 µg g⁻¹ of either TCS or MTCS for 14 days in commercial worm bedding. Only MTCS exposure caused any effects on the earthworm metabolites targeted in this study. Succinic acid was elevated relative to the control at concentrations ≥ 0.25 µg g⁻¹ and glucose was elevated at 1 µg g⁻¹. Earthworms exposed to 1 µg g⁻¹ MTCS had the greatest separation from the control using Principal Components Analysis (PCA), while 0.25 and 1 µg g⁻¹ had the largest separation in Discriminant Analysis (DA). Essential amino acids valine, leucine, serine, and phenylalanine had large, standardized coefficients for PCA and DA reflecting their contribution to separation, suggesting that essential amino acid homeostasis was perturbed by MTCS. Malic acid, succinic acid, margaric acid, and glucose were highly correlated (p &lt; 0.01) with Canonical 1 and PC 2, while maltose was correlated with Canonical 2 and PC 7, indicating a strong relationship between these metabolites and the multivariate separation expressed in the canonical variables. Disruption of succinate metabolism by membrane destabilization in mitochondria was hypothesized as a possible mode of action for MTCS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 118128"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Comprehensive analysis of adverse outcome pathway, potency, human exposure supports carcinogenicity of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate in lung cancer” [Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 287 (2024) 117222]","authors":"Yong Joo Park ,&nbsp;Ha Ryong Kim ,&nbsp;Jun Woo Kim ,&nbsp;Jong-Hyun Lee ,&nbsp;Younghee Kim ,&nbsp;Jungyun Lim ,&nbsp;Yong-Wook Baek ,&nbsp;Kyu Hyuck Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 118117"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limiting the mobility and phytoavailability of cadmium in paddy-upland soils after the application of various biochar fractions and proportions","authors":"Zhuoyi Yan ,&nbsp;Wenchuan Ding ,&nbsp;Gengxin Xie ,&nbsp;Ming Yan ,&nbsp;Qianliu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study delves into the pivotal role of biochar particle size and addition ratio in mitigating cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy-upland soils, with a specific focus on curbing Cd uptake by Chinese cabbage (<em>Brassica chinensis</em> L.) during the pivotal transition from paddy to upland cultivation. Through a meticulously designed laboratory experiment, we uncovered that biochar's adsorption capacity for soil Cd is markedly lower than its maximum adsorptive capacity as determined by adsorption kinetics, potentially due to competitive adsorption by other cationic species present in the soil. This insight underscores the critical need to optimize biochar application rates in Cd-contaminated soils to effectively modulate Cd phytoavailability. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that biochar not only effectively converts non-residual soil Cd fractions into a more stable \"residual Cd\" form but also diminishes the uptake of Cd by Chinese cabbage from the soil. Notably, the application of fine biochar (<em>Φ</em>₃ &lt; 0.25 mm) at a 10 % application rate was particularly efficacious, reducing soil non-residual Cd concentration by 28.2 %, equivalent to approximately 1.79 mg/kg. This research introduces a novel perspective on biochar-mediated remediation of soil Cd contamination, emphasizing the critical influence of particle size and addition ratio on regulating Cd phytoavailability and enhancing food safety in agricultural soils under paddy-upland rotation cultivation affected by Cd contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 118124"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid metabolism-mediated fertility decline in male mice exposed to Fluorene-9-bisphenol: An integrated DNA methylation and transcriptomics analysis","authors":"Danni Jiang ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaojuan Han,&nbsp;Qianni Li,&nbsp;Yingxiu Ma,&nbsp;Jun Jiao,&nbsp;Lan Chao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF), a widely recognized alternative to bisphenol A (BPA), has been increasingly used in a wide range of industries. However, despite numerous studies, the direct mechanism underlying its male reproductive toxicity remains poorly understood. Here, a BHPF-exposed mouse model was established to evaluate the effect of BHPF on male fertility. The results showed that BHPF exposure induced reproductive dysfunction, including testis damage, spermatogenesis impairment, steroid hormone disruption and sperm quality degradation. Mechanistically, over 90,000 differentially methylated regions were identified and increased global testicular methylation levels indicated that DNA methylation may be associated with BHPF-induced testicular damage. Transcriptome analysis revealed 221 up-regulated genes and 227 down-regulated genes in BHPF-exposed mice, mainly enriched in the steroid biosynthetic pathway. Further combined methylome and transcriptome analysis revealed the critical methylated genes potentially involved in lipid metabolism. The differentially expressed genes (Cyp4a10 and Rdh1) were further confirmed to correlate with impaired male mouse fertility. Taken together, the results of this study provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of toxicity effects induced by BHPF exposure from the perspective of methylome and transcriptome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 118116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarker potential of serum microRNAs in thyroid nodules patients residing in high water iodine areas","authors":"Ming Li,&nbsp;Shuang Li,&nbsp;Weijia Li,&nbsp;Jiasen Cao,&nbsp;Peng Liu,&nbsp;Chunpeng Lv,&nbsp;Fangang Meng,&nbsp;Lijun Fan,&nbsp;Xu Huang,&nbsp;Xianglan Chen,&nbsp;Jiashuang Gu,&nbsp;Huan Li,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Dianjun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence of thyroid nodules is notably higher in high iodine areas. Currently, there is no study on the relationship between microRNAs and benign thyroid nodules. In this study, accompanied by urinary, blood and water iodine detection, we analyzed microRNA expression profiles through RNA sequencing in patients with benign thyroid nodules and healthy controls from iodine deficiency, adequate and high areas, respectively. Subsequently, specific microRNAs found in high iodine areas and their target genes involved in iodine metabolism were validated using Reverse Transcription-Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that elevated blood iodine levels, upregulated expression of hsa-miR-185–5p, downregulated expression of hsa-miR-21–5p, and enlarged thyroid volume are independent risk factors for thyroid nodules. Furthermore, a strong negative correlation was observed between hsa-miR-185–5p expression and monocarboxylate transporter 8 (<em>MCT8</em>) mRNA expression. For diagnosing high iodine-associated thyroid nodules, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) values for <em>MCT8</em> mRNA exceeded 0.9, and those for hsa-miR-185–5p and hsa-miR-28–3p were approximately 0.8. Furthermore, the combination of <em>MCT8</em> mRNA alongside hsa-miR-185–5p and hsa-miR-28–3p was identified as the most effective diagnostic indicator, achieving AUC values greater than 0.99. In conclusion, elevated blood iodine levels and hsa-miR-185–5p-<em>MCT8</em> axis may play critical roles in high iodine-related thyroid nodules. Additionally, the combining <em>MCT8</em> mRNA with hsa-miR-185–5p and hsa-miR-28–3p could serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing high iodine-related thyroid nodules. These findings provide a foundation for future biological therapy as well as monitoring strategies study related to high iodine-associated thyroid nodules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 118133"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute exposure of perchlorate on zebrafish larvae: Neurotoxicity during development","authors":"Xiaoran Xue ,&nbsp;Zaiqiu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Lin Hu,&nbsp;Mingyi Zhao,&nbsp;Qingnan He","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the acute developmental toxicity of perchlorate exposure and identify its manifestation of neurotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Zebrafish larvae were exposed to sodium perchlorate at early developmental stages and the phenotypes of various developmental abnormalities were observed and recorded. Neurodevelopmental toxicity has been studied in particular in terms of central nervous system apoptosis, peripheral motor abnormalities, and abnormal autonomic motor behavior. Samples were processed for pathological, transcriptomic, and PCR analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Acute exposure of zebrafish larvae to perchlorate resulted in developmental toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. Heart rate abnormality (33 %), slow blood flow (37 %), abnormal size of liver (23 %), delayed yolk absorption (70 %), and abnormal body pigmentation (100 %) were observed in the 3.83 mg/mL group. Heart edema (10 %), heart rate abnormality (60 %), slow blood flow (67 %), abnormal size of liver (77 %), delayed yolk absorption (100 %), abnormalities in intestinal morphology (30 %), abnormal body pigmentation (100 %), and shorter body length (47 %) were observed in the 4.03 mg/mL group. Developmental neurotoxicity was characterized by brain apoptosis, damage to the central nervous system (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) and peripheral motor neurons (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001), and reduced autonomous motor distance (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that <em>c3a.1, c5, fga, fgb,</em> and <em>fgg</em> were upregulated in the complement and coagulation cascades, and the mRNA levels of <em>c3a.1, dusp1, slc2a6, purba,</em> and <em>klf9</em> were found upregulated in PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Acute perchlorate exposure on zebrafish larvae caused various developmental toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner, notably neurotoxicity. We believed the immunological and inflammatory responses were involved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 118111"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dilution effect of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers on reproduction of Daphnia magna","authors":"Hiroyuki Mano ,&nbsp;Rie Tai ,&nbsp;Akihiro Moriyama ,&nbsp;Yoko Iizumi ,&nbsp;Tomohiko Matsuzawa ,&nbsp;Toshiya Okazaki ,&nbsp;Isamu Ogura","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The expanding use of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TEMPO-CNFs) raises concerns about their environmental release and potential ecological impacts. Evaluating their environmental effects is critical for ensuring their sustainable use. In this study, we aimed to assess the ecotoxicity of TEMPO-CNFs on <em>Daphnia magna</em> reproduction and explore mechanisms underlying observed effects. Reproductive toxicity was evaluated according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline, determining the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and 10 % effect concentration (EC10). Mechanistic insights were investigated through water chemistry analyses, a feeding inhibition test, a gut evacuation experiment, and 10-day life table experiments. The NOEC and EC10 for TEMPO-CNFs were 12.5 mg/L and 3.4 mg/L, respectively. Results supported the dilution-effect hypothesis, indicating reduced availability of essential food, such as <em>Chlorella</em>, as a driver of toxicity. Gut evacuation experiments indicated that TEMPO-CNFs in <em>D. magna</em> individuals were excreted within 24 h when they were transferred to a CNF-free environment. The results suggest that TEMPO-CNFs are unlikely to impact <em>D. magna</em> reproduction unless exposure is continuous and at high concentrations. These findings support the environmentally sustainable application of TEMPO-CNFs with controlled exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 118101"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nanoplastics and compound pollutants containing nanoplastics on plants, microorganisms and rhizosphere systems: A review","authors":"Haoran Liu,&nbsp;Lena Ciric,&nbsp;Manpreet Bhatti","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoplastics (NPs) are the most widespread and least detectable type of plastic pollutant due to their extremely small particle size. The root system of plants has become an important pathway for NPs to enter the food chain from the natural environment. By combining with heavy metals or organic pollutants, NPs can exhibit greater biological toxicity compared to single pollutants. Although many studies have focused on the phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity of NPs separately, to the best of our knowledge, no review summarizes the toxicity of NPs from the perspective of the plant rhizosphere system with a combination of pollutants. By summarizing samples from 2015 to 2025, this review highlights that NPs can affect photosynthesis, gene transcription, and enzyme activity in both plants and microorganisms. NPs with large particle size can also disrupt the chemical balance of the rhizosphere environment and intensify competition for nutrients between plants and microorganisms, ultimately affecting the geochemical cycle. NPs of different particle sizes and concentrations can poison various biological structures, from surface layers to genetic material. In compound pollutants, where NPs combine with other contaminants, they can further disrupt elemental cycles in plants, reduce microbial community diversity, and increase the accumulation of other pollutants in the rhizosphere system compared to single pollutants. These findings provide new insights into the biotoxicity of NPs and the degradation of compound pollutants containing NPs. In addition, combined with the research results of this review, some research prospects on the relationship between NPs and rhizosphere systems are given.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 118084"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of plasma poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances during pregnancy: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study","authors":"Yonghang Lai ,&nbsp;Shoji F. Nakayama ,&nbsp;Yukiko Nishihama ,&nbsp;Tomohiko Isobe ,&nbsp;the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a group of compounds associated with adverse health outcomes, have been identified widely in humans. This study investigated the determinants of PFAS in plasma collected from pregnant women enrolled in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study from 2011 to 2014. Several machine learning approaches were used, and the XGBoost model had the best predictive performance for seven PFAS quantified in more than 50 % of the population (from <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.34 and <em>RMSE</em> = 0.39 ng/mL for perfluorononanoic acid to <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.85 and <em>RMSE</em> = 0.19 ng/mL for perfluoroundecanoic acid). Feature analysis revealed that variation among regional centres was the most critical determinant. While parity was negatively associated with most PFAS concentrations and maternal age was positively associated with it, a positive interaction between parity and age suggests that PFAS accumulation with increasing age may have a greater impact than the reduction in PFAS levels associated with parity. Fish intakes demonstrated strong interactions with regional centres, leading to elevated PFAS levels in specific regions. Moreover, the cumulative effect of multiple weak interactions between determinants may have influenced PFAS concentrations in maternal plasma. Our models correlate more than 200 determinants with maternal PFAS concentrations while accounting for key interactions, providing a novel perspective regarding the effects of physical conditions, behaviours and dietary consumption on PFAS in pregnant women. This study provides valuable insights into the determinants of plasma PFAS concentrations and contributes to risk assessment and management strategies for pregnant populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 118107"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}