Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety最新文献

{"title":"Association between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and chronic cough in American adults: Results from NHANES 2003–2012","authors":"Wenlong Wu ,&nbsp;Yue Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhao Li ,&nbsp;Jiran Shen ,&nbsp;Binbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Pulin Li ,&nbsp;Rui Han ,&nbsp;Chao Cao ,&nbsp;Ran Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic cough, which affects approximately 10 % of the global population, is recognized as a significant health issue, especially among females. Recent research suggests that chronic cough may be an independent disease rather than merely a symptom of other conditions. This study focuses on the potential role of exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the development of chronic cough, noting that PFAS exposure has been linked to various adverse health outcomes. We aimed to explore the association between PFAS exposure and the risk of chronic cough in the U.S. population, analyzing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2012 and examining potential sex-based differences. Our findings reveal several factors independently associated with an increased incidence of chronic cough, including elevated levels of serum perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHP). The multi-pollutant models consistently demonstrated a significant positive correlation between PFAS exposure and a higher risk of chronic cough in adult males, with PFBS and PFHP as the primary contributors. However, due to the cross-sectional design of the NHANES study, further research is necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which PFAS contribute to chronic cough.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 117901"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics analysis explore the mechanism of deoxynivalenol inhibiting rabbit appetite through microbial-gut-brain axis","authors":"Xuejun Yuan ,&nbsp;Wenjie Chen ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Huijun Guo ,&nbsp;Chunyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins and can induce weight loss and vomiting in animals. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying DON-induced anorexia in rabbits through the microbial-gut-brain axis. A total of forty rabbits were randomly divided into a DON group and a control group, receiving 1.5 mg/kg.BW of DON and an equivalent volume of saline daily via intragastric administration, respectively. The pre-treatment period lasted for 7 days, followed by a formal experimental period of 24 days. The findings revealed that DON exposure significantly reduced daily food intake and weight gain, leading to intestinal apoptosis and barrier injuries. 16S rRNA sequencing data indicated that DON exposure decreased the diversity and richness of cecal microflora, suppressed probiotic populations, and disrupted host lipid metabolism. RNA-Seq and iTRAQ data were used to cross-analyze the shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the hypothalamus and jejunum, along with their shared enrichment pathways, indicating that TNF-α, NF-κB, and NPY may play pivotal roles in DON-induced anorexia. qRT-PCR and Western blotting results confirmed significant increases in mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α, NF-κB and 5-HT2A in both the hypothalamus and jejunum. In conclusion, DON ingestion in rabbits can disrupt the intestinal barrier, up-regulate the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, NF-κB, and 5-HT2A in the intestine, and trigger an immuno-inflammatory response in the hypothalamus via the microbial-gut-brain axis, ultimately resulting in appetite suppression and weight loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 117849"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of iron on improving antimony tolerance in Salvia spinosa","authors":"Shakiba Rajabpoor ,&nbsp;Soghra Kiani ,&nbsp;Shokoofeh Hajihashemi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimony (Sb) is a potential threat to living organisms, but very little is known on strategies manage its toxicity in plants. This study aimed to clarify the role of Fe on alleviation Sb toxicity in a metallicolous population of <em>Salvia spinose</em> and its mechanisms. With regard to the toxicity of Sb in plants and the importance of Fe potential in alleviation of Sb toxicity, <em>S. spinosa</em> was treated with 0 and 27 mg l⁻¹ Sb (Ш or V) along with 0, 50 and 300 μM FeEDTA in a hydroponic system. The plants exposure to iron minimized the uptake of both Sb species by Salvia roots. The limitation of H₂O₂ generation in response to co-application of Fe with Sb was followed by counterbalancing the antioxidant enzymes (e.g. catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase), phenols, flavonoids, lipid membrane preservation, and increase of the carbohydrates and proteins contents, which altogether improved growth in Sb-stressed plants. The Sb (III) toxicity to plants was much higher than Sb (V), but 300 μM Fe was significantly efficient in reducing Sb damages to Salvia. Altogether, application of Fe could efficiently alleviate the physiological and morphological functions in Sb-stressed Salvia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 117852"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and blood pressure in the early life of children","authors":"Xiaodong Chen ,&nbsp;Lingling Dong ,&nbsp;Lina Yang ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Liyu Yang ,&nbsp;Sijia Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been associated with many adverse health outcomes. This cohort study investigates the association between prenatal exposure to PAHs and blood pressure in children aged 4–6 years. Conducted in Shenyang, China, the study includes 5642 children whose mothers provided urine samples in the third trimester, which were analyzed for PAH metabolites. Children’s blood pressure indicators, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP), were measured during follow-up. Multivariable regression models, adjusted for key confounders, were used to explore associations between PAH metabolites and blood pressure. Additionally, we applied quantile g-computation (g-comp) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess the combined and interaction effects of multiple PAH metabolites. Prenatal exposure to specific PAH metabolites showed significant associations with blood pressure parameters. 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 3-hydroxyfluorene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene were positively linked to SBP. For DBP, 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 1-hydroxynaphthalene, and total PAH metabolites revealed strong associations. PP was significantly linked to 3-Hydroxyfluorene, while MAP showed consistent associations with 2-hydroxynaphthalene, 1-hydroxynaphthalene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, and 1-hydroxypyrene. G-comp analysis revealed significant associations between prenatal PAH exposure and increases in SBP, DBP, and MAP, with no effect on PP. BKMR showed no strong evidence for SBP or DBP but suggested potential positive associations for PP and MAP at higher exposure quantiles, indicating nuanced, exposure-dependent relationships with blood pressure outcomes. This study, being one of the first to explore these associations in children, provides important insights into the potential long-term health impacts of prenatal PAH exposure on childhood cardiovascular health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 117830"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential risk of heavy metals release in sediments and soils of the Yellow River Basin (Henan section): A perspective on bioavailability and bioaccessibility","authors":"Peng Wang ,&nbsp;Furong Yu ,&nbsp;Haonan Lv ,&nbsp;Lin Wu ,&nbsp;Hui Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ecology of watersheds plays an important role in regulating regional climate and human activities. The sediment-soil system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) was explored. The spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals (HMs) showed that tributaries, which are affected by anthropogenic activities, contain higher concentrations of HMs than the main channel. Sequential extraction experiments indicated that Cd had the strongest potential to be released, followed by Mn. In vitro simulation experiments showed that gastric and pulmonary fluids rendered these two orders of magnitude more bioaccessible compared to sweat. Moreover, Cd exhibited the highest bioaccessibility in both gastric and lung fluids. When bioaccessibility was considered in the evaluation of health risks, more than 82 % of reductions in non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk indices were observed in children and adults. A positive matrix factorization model was utilized to determine the potential sources of HMs: industrial sources, natural sources, and mixed agricultural and transportation sources were identified as the three main sources of HMs in sediments and soils. In addition, mining activities were also an HMs source in sediments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 117799"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and collection of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli using foam concentration without membrane filtration","authors":"Soichiro Tamai,&nbsp;Makoto Katafuchi,&nbsp;Xie Hui,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117797","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117797","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Information on Shiga toxin-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> (STEC) in river water is scarce, and it is essential to understand its actual status in river water. This study investigated a method for the highly efficient recovery of STEC from river water in its active state by combining a coagulation and foam concentration and a selective medium. The method was applied to three rivers, and STEC-positive <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) were obtained from all rivers. Ten <em>E. coli</em> harboring one of the pathogenic genes (<em>stx2</em>, <em>eae</em>) were detected in the Oyodo River’s upstream and midstream and the Kaeda River’s midstream. Furthermore, antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing was performed on these ten strains using ten antimicrobial agents. Nine strains showed intermediate resistance to at least one antibiotic, and one was multidrug-resistant. This study’s coagulation and foam concentration and selective medium detection methods can efficiently collect STEC in river water and recover it in an active state without conventional membrane filtration. Isolating and cultivating this STEC strain will provide crucial information for antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing, target gene testing, and whole-genome analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 117797"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143073056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of CAHs and BTEX in groundwater at a multi-polluted pesticide site undergoing natural attenuation: Insights from identifying key bioindicators using machine learning methods based on microbiome data","authors":"Feiyang Xia,&nbsp;Tingting Fan,&nbsp;Mengjie Wang,&nbsp;Lu Yang,&nbsp;Da Ding,&nbsp;Jing Wei,&nbsp;Yan Zhou,&nbsp;Dengdeng Jiang,&nbsp;Shaopo Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater pollution, particularly in retired pesticide sites, is a significant environmental concern due to the presence of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). These contaminants pose serious risks to ecosystems and human health. Natural attenuation (NA) has emerged as a sustainable solution, with microorganisms playing a crucial role in pollutant biodegradation. However, the interpretation of the diverse microbial communities in relation to complex pollutants is still challenging, and there is limited research in multi-polluted groundwater. Advanced machine learning (ML) algorithms help identify key microbial indicators for different pollution types (CAHs, BTEX plumes, and mixed plumes). The accuracy and Area Under the Curve (AUC) achieved by Support Vector Machines (SVM) were impressive, with values of 0.87 and 0.99, respectively. With the assistance of model explanation methods, we identified key bioindicators for different pollution types which were then analyzed using co-occurrence network analysis to better understand their potential roles in pollution degradation. The identified key genera indicate that oxidation and co-metabolism predominantly drive dechlorination processes within the CAHs group. In the BTEX group, the primary mechanism for BTEX degradation was observed to be anaerobic degradation under sulfate-reducing conditions. However, in the CAHs&amp;BTEX groups, the indicative genera suggested that BTEX degradation occurred under iron-reducing conditions and reductive dechlorination existed. Overall, this study establishes a framework for harnessing the power of ML alongside co-occurrence network analysis based on microbiome data to enhance understanding and provide a robust assessment of the natural attenuation degradation process at multi-polluted sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 117609"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake kinetics and distribution of flupyrimin by rice (Oryza sativa L.): Effects of subcellular fractionation and soil factors","authors":"Xugen Shi ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Ruqiang Cui ,&nbsp;Baotong Li ,&nbsp;Xianpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Lianhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Duantao Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flupyrimin is an emerging neonicotinoid insecticide primarily used to control rice planthoppers. However, knowledge gaps exist regarding its uptake and transport in rice planting systems. Elucidating the absorption and distribution properties of flupyrimin in rice will help assess the potential risks of human exposure to flupyrimin via the food chain. Here, we studied the uptake kinetics and transport mechanisms of flupyrimin in rice plants grown under hydroponic and soil conditions. The hydroponic experiment indicated that flupyrimin was easily taken up by rice roots via a symplastic passive diffusion process and was mainly distributed in the cell soluble fractions (50.6 %－88.0 %). Compared with transportation from the roots to the stems, flupyrimin was ultimately transported from the stems to the leaves with a greater translocation factor (TF) (TF_Leave/Stem = 27.8 &gt; TF_Stem/Root = 3.1). In rice-soil systems, the accumulation of flupyrimin by rice plants is influenced primarily by the soil organic matter content, which leads to increased adsorption of flupyrimin onto soils (R² &gt; 0.897, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.014). Interestingly, the concentration of flupyrimin in rice was significantly positively correlated with its amount in the soil pore water (C_IPW) (R² &gt; 0.967, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.003), indicating that the uptake and accumulation of flupyrimin in rice planting systems can be estimated by C_IPW. These findings enhance our knowledge of flupyrimin absorption and distribution in rice plants from treated soils and are important for guiding its field application and conducting environmental risk assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 117810"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lead toxicity in Nicotiana tabacum L.: Damage antioxidant system and disturb plant metabolism","authors":"Tengfei Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunlan Ming ,&nbsp;Jiashu Tian ,&nbsp;Huanyu Teng ,&nbsp;Zicheng Xu ,&nbsp;Jiewang He ,&nbsp;Fengfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Yinghui Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiayang Xu ,&nbsp;Mohamed G. Moussa ,&nbsp;Shenghua Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we treated tobacco seedlings with 0, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg Pb^2 +, and explored the response mechanism of tobacco under Pb stress through a combination of growth physiology and metabolomics analysis. The physiological results showed that compared with CK, with the increase of Pb concentration, Pb treatment inhibited tobacco growth, reduced the biomass and photosynthetic pigment content of tobacco seedlings, and severely damaged the chloroplast structure. In addition, compared with CK, the pore conductivity and pore density of Pb800 treatment decreased by 45.77 % and 93.55 %, respectively. Pb treatment disrupted the cell membrane system, and Pb800 treatment increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves and roots by 67.65 % and 31.90 %, respectively. Meanwhile, Pb treatment increased the activity of tobacco SOD and POD enzymes. Metabolomics results showed that Pb stress enhanced tryptophan metabolism, glutathione metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, as well as cysteine and methionine metabolism pathways. These results indicate that increasing the content of photosynthetic pigments and hormones, clearing reactive oxygen species by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, and improving amino acid metabolism may play an important role in reducing the toxicity of Pb to tobacco.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 117837"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143349024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auxin signaling related to H+-ATPase synthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities regulates fluoranthene uptake by ryegrass roots","authors":"Yuanzhou Xu ,&nbsp;Yunyun Li ,&nbsp;Xinyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhuoliang Xiao ,&nbsp;Jiaguo Jiao ,&nbsp;Huijuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Huixin Li ,&nbsp;Feng Hu ,&nbsp;Li Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has shown that fluoranthene (Flu) exhibits dual uptake behavior in ryegrass. At low concentrations (1–10 mg/L), Flu uptake is higher, whereas at higher concentrations (20–40 mg/L), uptake appears to decrease. Furthermore, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content and antioxidant enzyme activity play distinct roles in this process. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these behaviors remain unclear. To address this, we exposed ryegrass to different Flu concentrations (0, 5, and 20 mg/L) and conducted a combined transcriptomic and physiological analysis of the root system to elucidate the specific mechanisms of Flu uptake. Our results revealed that under 5 mg/L Flu treatment, ryegrass has a higher bioconcentration factor (BCF). The genes involved in IAA synthesis (<em>TAA1</em>, <em>ALDH</em>, and <em>AAO1/2</em>) were upregulated, which led to an increase in IAA content. Elevated IAA levels, in turn, promoted the expression of genes encoding H⁺-ATPase (<em>ATP5A1</em>, <em>ATP5B</em>, <em>ATP5H</em>, and <em>ATP6E</em>) and the ABC transporter protein (<em>ABCB1</em>), resulting in enhanced H⁺-ATPase activity, and facilitated the active transport of Flu. In contrast, the 20 mg/L Flu treatment resulted in a lower BCF. The downregulation of IAA synthesis genes (<em>amiE</em> and <em>YUCCA</em>) decreased IAA content. The downregulation of the H⁺-ATPase gene (<em>ATP6C</em>) and the ABC transporter protein gene (<em>ABCG2</em>), resulting in decreased H⁺-ATPase activity and inhibited Flu transport. Moreover, the promoted expression of redox-related genes (<em>POD1</em>, <em>SOD1</em> and <em>SOD2</em>) further reduced Flu uptake. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying Flu uptake in ryegrass may provide a theoretical foundation for developing strategies to regulate Flu accumulation in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 117840"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143278592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}