Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety最新文献

{"title":"Dynamics and mitigation of antibiotic resistance genes during manure composting: A comprehensive review","authors":"Ugochukwu Oliver Ukachi ,&nbsp;Adharsh Rajasekar ,&nbsp;Bei Gao ,&nbsp;Weishou Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) poses a significant threat to public health, facilitated by the extensive use of antibiotics in livestock production and the subsequent environmental dissemination of ARGs through animal manure. Manure composting has emerged as a widely adopted strategy for manure management and pathogen reduction; however, its effectiveness in mitigating ARGs remains variable and dependent on specific conditions. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the current state of knowledge and understanding of the fate of ARGs during manure composting processes, highlighting the influence of key factors, including temperature, pH, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, aeration, and moisture content, on ARG dynamics. It further explores the roles of microbial community shifts, horizontal gene transfer, and mobile genetic elements in ARG persistence and attenuation, alongside recent advancements in composting technologies that show promise in ARG mitigation such as hyperthermophilic composting, biochar amendment, electrokinetic and magnetic field-assisted composting, and microbial inoculation, The review also highlights the limitations of current practices, including the potential for ARG resurgence during later composting stages and the lack of standardized evaluation protocols. Finally, it identifies critical research gaps and proposes future directions centered on integrated mitigation strategies, long-term field assessments, and the development of risk assessment frameworks. These insights aim to guide researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders in improving composting practices to curb the dissemination of ARGs and safeguard environmental and public health. This review highlights composting as a promising strategy for reducing ARGs in manure, while identifying knowledge gaps related to long-term ecological impacts and optimal operational conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 119152"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar enhances the remediation of fluorene and Cd(II) co-contamination by Burkholderia sp. FM-2","authors":"Jiajun Ma,&nbsp;Zetian Luo,&nbsp;Guohui Gao,&nbsp;Yumeng Cui,&nbsp;Ming Ying,&nbsp;Lei Huang,&nbsp;Meitong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the fluorene degradation ability and metabolic pathway of <em>Burkholderia</em> sp. FM-2. The FM-2 demonstrated a 72.16 % degradation rate of 300 mg/L fluorene over a period of three days. HPLC-MS analysis identified major metabolites including 9-fluorenol, 9-fluorenone, and phthalate. The impact of heavy metals on fluorene degradation was also assessed. FM-2 exhibited strong tolerance to heavy metals, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1000 mg/L for Cd(II). The study found that the removal rate of 100 mg/L Cd(II) was 70.42 %, and it was observed that this concentration had a slightly enhancing effect on fluorene degradation. Proteomic analysis revealed that multicopper oxidases and proteins involved in metabolic pathways for instance glutathione metabolism, sulfur metabolism were up-regulated under Cd(II) stress, suggesting potential mechanisms for Cd(II) tolerance and co-metabolism. Moreover, the effect of biochar on FM-2 for the remediation of co-contamination with fluorene and Cd(II) was evaluated. After immobilizing FM-2 with modified biochar (BC-BW), the degradation efficiency of fluorene significantly increased from 72.58 % to 84.93 % and the removal efficiency of Cd(II) increased from 70.42 % to 84.50 %. In the contaminated soil remediation experiment, the removal rates of fluorene and Cd(II) by the immobilized bacteria were 72.59 % and 66.67 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate that modified biochar enhances the remediation efficiency of FM-2 in co-contaminated soils. This study provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the application of biochar-based immobilization techniques in microbial remediation of complex polluted environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 119134"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An integrated management strategy for Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) combining chemical, physical, and biological control tactics","authors":"Hongtao Xu ,&nbsp;Junjie Ma ,&nbsp;J.P. Michaud ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We evaluated the acute and residual toxicity of emamectin benzoate (EB) and mineral oil to the oriental fruit borer, <em>Grapholita molesta</em>, and its egg parasitoid, <em>Trichogramma dendrolimi</em>. EB exhibited high toxicity to <em>G. molesta</em> larvae (LC₅₀ = 6.33 mg L⁻¹) and adults (LC₅₀ = 5.50 mg L⁻¹) but low ovicidal activity (25.3 % mortality at 18.82 mg L⁻¹). Topical application of EB caused 100 % mortality of <em>T. dendrolimi</em> adults, and the parasitism success of females surviving 7 d-old residues was reduced by 73.3 %. Sublethal exposure to EB (2.35 mg L⁻¹, LC₂₅) prolonged the preoviposition period of <em>G. molesta</em> by 1.3 days and reduced fecundity by 42 %. Mineral oil at 6.67 mL L⁻¹ caused 95.4 % and 65.7 % mortality of <em>G. molesta</em> eggs and larvae, respectively, but also harmed <em>T. dendrolimi</em> (LC₅₀ = 4.50–5.55 mL L⁻¹), reducing parasitism and emergence by &gt; 30 %. An integrated management strategy was developed based on these data, and considering seasonal fluctuations in the commercial availability of <em>T. dendrolimi</em>. We conclude that EB should target overwintered mature larvae and newly emerged <em>G. molesta</em> adults in early spring, when <em>T. dendrolimi</em> are in short supply, and be followed by a mineral oil application for egg control. EB should be applied to peak moth flights from late spring to early autumn, with releases of <em>T. dendrolimi</em> following ca. one week later. This strategy would capitalize on the stage-specific vulnerability of the pest to specific control tactics and use careful timing of releases to protect parasitoids, while simultaneously mitigating the evolution of resistance to EB in the pest.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 119163"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first subacute study with oral administration of bisphenol AP in male rats: Cardiovascular data and metabolite detection","authors":"Přemysl Mladěnka ,&nbsp;Jaka Fadraersada ,&nbsp;Patrícia Dias ,&nbsp;Václav Tvrdý ,&nbsp;Jana Pourová ,&nbsp;Eduard Jirkovský ,&nbsp;Alejandro Carazo ,&nbsp;Catherine Gunaseelan ,&nbsp;Patricia Harčárová ,&nbsp;Zuzana Lomozová ,&nbsp;Marija Sollner Dolenc ,&nbsp;Jurij Trontelj ,&nbsp;Lucija Peterlin Mašič","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bisphenols are frequently used in the plastic industry. However, there is a need for addressing their safety in <em>in vivo</em> studies based on the observed negative impact of bisphenol A. Bisphenol AP (BPAP) is frequently found in the environment, human food, and biological fluids, but its cardiovascular effects have not yet been tested. For this reason, we administered BPAP in a daily single dose of 2.5 mg.kg⁻¹ <em>via</em> oral gavage to eight male Wistar Han rats for a period of 4 weeks. Eight control rats received the solvent, sesame oil. Parent BPAP was detectable in plasma only in 3 animals by a validated LC-MS/MS method, whereas its glucuronide was found in all animals (48.4 ± 25.4 nM). Arterial blood pressure did not change during or at the end of the treatment. Some disturbances in cardiac rhythm were observed (e.g., increased heart rate, prolonged P wave and QT_peak interval, p &lt; 0.05), but there was no increase in serum cardiac troponin T. Vessels isolated from BPAP-treated animals showed impaired vasodilatory response compared to control animals (p &lt; 0.05). BPAP impacted coagulation and caused hemolysis only in hundreds of µM concentrations. These results demonstrate the potential of BPAP to affect cardiac rhythm and impair vessel homeostasis after subacute exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 119143"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iso-seq profiling of the alternative splicing provides insights into dose-dependent potentiation of sublethal effects in Thrips palmi","authors":"Shao-Kun Guo ,&nbsp;Shu-Jun Wei ,&nbsp;Jing-Jing Kang ,&nbsp;Wei-Ling Huang ,&nbsp;Chao-Yin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sublethal insecticide exposure drives rapid environmental adaptation through transcriptional diversification, yet its molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Here, we integrated Iso-seq full-length transcriptomics and analyses to demonstrate that exposure to sublethal concentrations of spinetoram induce dose-dependent response in <em>Thrips palmi</em> Karny, which is a representative vegetable pest that poses a severe threat and has rampant insecticide resistance. Notably, the alternative splicing (AS) and alternative polyadenylation demonstrated the highest levels under exposure to the highest sublethal concentrations (LC₄₀ treatment). Most novel isoforms and fusion genes were also identified in response to the stress of higher sublethal concentrations. The significant enrichment of differential ASs following sublethal concentration exposure was annotated as cytochrome P450s, ATP-binding cassette transporters and cytochrome P450 reductase, all of which are associated with detoxification pathways and stress tolerance. This work elucidates how transcriptional plasticity facilitates rapid pest adaptation to sublethal stress, advocating for the integration of novel biomarkers into evolutionary toxicology frameworks to enhance insecticide resistance management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 119169"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of tigecycline-resistant Escherichia coli from swine feces and fertilized soil","authors":"Xi Zhou ,&nbsp;Youwei Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiuying Yue ,&nbsp;Shujuan Chen ,&nbsp;Jianlong Li ,&nbsp;Yong Yang ,&nbsp;Shuliang Liu ,&nbsp;Ke Zhao ,&nbsp;Xinfeng Han ,&nbsp;Likou Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence and spread of tigecycline-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> in livestock environments poses a critical threat to global public health. This study investigated the prevalence, genetic characteristics, and transmission mechanisms of <em>tet</em>(X4)-mediated tigecycline resistance in <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em> from swine feces and swine feces-fertilized soil in China. All 200 <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em> strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic, among which 95.50 % (191/200) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). A total of 13 tigecycline-resistant <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em> strains (5.18 %) were identified, all exhibiting MDR. Second-generation sequencing analysis highlighted strong positive associations between resistance genes (e.g., aminoglycosides and macrolides) and virulence factors (e.g., <em>hlyF</em>, <em>tsh</em>, <em>iucC</em>, and <em>iutA</em>), suggesting a synergistic survival advantage. However, <em>tet</em>(X4) was negatively correlated with virulence factors (<em>hlyF</em>, <em>iucC</em>, and <em>iutA</em>), revealing that the presence of <em>tet</em>(X4) may reduce the expression of virulence genes. ST10 was the dominant sequence type, and many plasmid types were identified in <em>tet</em>(X4)-positive <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em> strains. The IncX1-type plasmid pLKYW52 carrying <em>tet</em>(X4) harbored type IV secretion system (T4SS)-related genes (<em>virB4</em>, <em>virB9</em>, <em>ptlE</em>, and <em>ptlH</em>), which may facilitate plasmid conjugation and bacterial adaptation. Expression of <em>tet</em>(X4) in <em>Bacillus megaterium</em> significantly reduced antibiotic efficacy, showing Tet(X) ability for tetracycline degradation. These findings highlight the role of agricultural practices in propagating antibiotic resistance and emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions to mitigate the spread of high-risk MDR pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 119136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145218382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Butylated hydroxytoluene ameliorates lead acetate-induced vasculopathy: A mechanistic insight from wistar rat experimental model and computational analysis","authors":"Saviour God’swealth Usin ,&nbsp;Favour Ayooluwa Adeyemi ,&nbsp;Omotayo Motunrayo Arinola ,&nbsp;Grace Ochanya Igomu ,&nbsp;Ayodeji Mathias Adegoke","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead (Pb) exposure remains an important public health problem, especially in developing countries, as it has had very harmful vasculotoxic effects. In the present study, BHT, a phenolic antioxidant, is investigated as a protective agent against PbAc-induced vasculopathy through <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in silico</em> methods. Forty-two male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups and were administered BHT (25 or 50 mg/kg b.wt.), PbAc (50 mg/kg b.wt) and a combination of them for 21 days. PbAc intoxication induced major adverse changes in lipid profile, elevated atherogenic index, oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, dysregulated vascular regulators, such as endothelin-1, and nitric oxide. Remarkably, treatment with BHT mitigated dyslipidaemia, replenished the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH), and decreased lipid peroxidation. BHT improved protection against the vascular thickening and degeneration induced by PbAc in the aorta, as observed after histological analysis. More so, <em>in silico</em> network pharmacology identified 242 overlapping gene targets between PbAc toxicity and BHT action. Protein-protein interaction and topological comparison of the genes revealed that the <em>JUN</em>, <em>IL-6</em>, <em>AKT1</em>, <em>STAT3</em> and <em>TNF-α</em> were the central mediators. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicated participation in oxidative stress pathways, inflammatory, vascular tone regulation and atherosclerosis-related pathways. Molecular docking studies validated the strong binding affinities of BHT to <em>MAPK8</em>, <em>ITGB1</em>, <em>STAT3</em>, and other hub proteins, suggesting that direct molecular interactions underpin its vasculoprotective effect. Conclusively, BHT reduces PbAc-induced vasculopathy by regulating oxidative stress, inflammatory response and lipid metabolism; a multi-target engagement has been shown by <em>in silico</em> studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 119102"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145184480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polystyrene nanoplastics induce cognitive dysfunction and dendritic spine deterioration via excessive mitochondrial fission","authors":"Hongxiang Yu ,&nbsp;Lingting Jin ,&nbsp;Yunjia Zi ,&nbsp;Jing Lu ,&nbsp;Yuming Long ,&nbsp;Ran Xiong ,&nbsp;Bei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our research addresses the critical issue of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) exposure and their neurotoxic effects, highlighting a significant environmental health concern. We proved that PS-NPs could breach the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and accumulate in murine brains, emphasizing the need for further investigation into their impact on human health. Using both <em>in vivo</em> models with Thy1-GFP-M transgenic mice and <em>in vitro</em> models with primary hippocampal neurons, we explored the effects of PS-NPs on cognitive function and neuroplasticity. Our results revealed that PS-NPs lead to cognitive impairment, evidenced by impaired performance in behavioral tests. Additionally, PS-NPs caused a significant reduction in dendritic spine density and altered the morphology of spines in hippocampal CA1 neurons. We explored the underlying mechanisms, finding that PS-NPs induced mitochondrial dysfunction, characterized by decreased membrane potential, reduced ATP production, and excessive mitochondrial fission. This mitochondrial disruption was associated with excessive mitophagy. Importantly, Mitochondrial Division Inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) treatment alleviated the neurotoxic effect, stabilized mitochondrial function, maintained dendritic spine density, and reversed the cognitive impairment induced by the PS-NPs. Overall, our study highlights the significant neurotoxic potential of PS-NPs and suggests that targeting mitochondrial fission can be a viable therapeutic strategy. This work underscores the urgent need to understand the neurological consequences of NPs exposure and develop strategies to counteract their health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 119133"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of common mycorrhizal networks in mediating cadmium accumulation, glomalin production, and soil enzyme activity in co-cultures of poplars and leeks","authors":"Vinicius H. De Oliveira ,&nbsp;Gilka Rocha Vasconcelos da Silva ,&nbsp;Brian J. Pickles ,&nbsp;Mark Tibbett","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd(II) ion) is a mobile metal, that can be toxic to plants and microorganisms, yet its effects on common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) are seldom explored. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve Cd tolerance in plants by mediating uptake, sequestering Cd into hyphae and/or in exogenous glomalin proteins. Here, we examined how the AM fungus <em>Rhizophagus irregularis</em> affects Cd accumulation, glomalin production and microbial enzyme activity in single plant cultures and in interspecific co-culture conditions (CMN). A glasshouse experiment with <em>Populus trichocarpa</em> (poplars) and <em>Allium porrum</em> (leeks) was conducted including three factors: Contamination (Control vs Cd(II), 27 mg kg⁻¹), Mycorrhization (non-mycorrhizal vs AM) and Culture type (single vs co-culture, 1 poplar + 10 leek seedlings). We assessed biomass, Cd(II) uptake, glomalin concentration and carbon cycling enzyme activities. Poplar biomass was unaffected by Cd, and mycorrhization reduced foliar Cd by 34 %. Root Cd accumulation was highest in non-mycorrhizal poplars when co-cultured with leeks (102 mg kg⁻¹), suggesting increased Cd mobility from root exudation and acidification due to having multiple plants. However, root Cd decreased by 64 % under CMN, possibly because of hyphal binding and glomalin production, but we also propose this could be due to reduced exudation caused by AMF. Cd stimulated glomalin production, sometimes by 25-fold compared to controls, but had little effect on the studied soil enzymes. We conclude that i) Cd stimulates glomalin production in mycorrhizal plants, and ii) Non-mycorrhizal co-culture between leeks and poplars enhances Cd accumulation in poplar roots, but this effect is mitigated by CMNs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 119141"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ganfule capsule alleviates AFB1-induced toxic liver injury via inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and apoptosis","authors":"Pan Li ,&nbsp;Yujia Cao ,&nbsp;Yifan Hou ,&nbsp;Jianhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Linlin Zhang ,&nbsp;Ziang Li ,&nbsp;Hongtao Xu ,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Nie ,&nbsp;Junqing Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), are widely present in the environment and pose a significant risk to food safety. However, no specific drugs are available for AFB1-induced toxic liver injury. Ganfule (GFL) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula approved in China for the adjunctive treatment of advanced liver cancer. Nonetheless, its effects on AFB1-induced toxic liver injury remain unclear. In this study, cell and animal experiments have shown that GFL activates the Kelch like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway in liver or hepatocytes. This leads to an increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level, a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and inhibition of AFB1-induced oxidative stress. GFL also reduces the levels of inflammatory factors and fibrosis-related genes by inhibiting the interleukin 6 (IL6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. Furthermore, GFL suppresses the expression of pro-apoptotic genes while enhancing the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, effectively preventing AFB1-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and improving liver function in mice. Network pharmacology predictions, and transcriptome sequencing confirms that GFL exerts its therapeutic effect through the regulation of the aforementioned pathways. Molecular docking analysis, molecular dynamics simulation, and <em>in vitro</em> experiments suggest that quercetin (QCT) mediates its effects through specifically binding to IL6 and STAT3, resulting in the subsequent inhibition of the IL6/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study elucidates the pharmacological mechanism of GFL in treating AFB1-induced toxic liver injury, providing theoretical evidence for its clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 119125"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145197680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}