Dyes and Pigments最新文献

{"title":"Ether-mediated charge transfer modulation for deep-blue multi-resonance TADF emitters with enhanced reverse intersystem crossing","authors":"Yaozu Su ,&nbsp;Guowei Chen ,&nbsp;Jie Hu ,&nbsp;Si-Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Lu Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Tan ,&nbsp;Jiacong Liu ,&nbsp;Longjiang Xing ,&nbsp;Jia-Ming Jin ,&nbsp;Ruicheng Wang ,&nbsp;Shangru Li ,&nbsp;Wen-Cheng Chen ,&nbsp;Shaomin Ji ,&nbsp;Hao-Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanping Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials have garnered significant attention in the field of wide-color-gamut displays due to their high luminescent efficiency and narrowband emission characteristics. However, the development of deep-blue emitters that simultaneously achieve high efficiency and high color purity remains a critical challenge. In this work, we propose an ether-mediated long-range charge transfer strategy to develop two novel MR-TADF blue emitters, <strong>BNCz-OPh</strong> and <strong>BNCz-OTPA</strong>. By synergistically modulating the weak electron-donating effect of oxygen atom and the moderate electron-donating capability of triphenylamine groups, we achieved blue-shifted emission wavelengths and enhanced exciton utilization efficiency while maintaining narrowband emission. The ether bridge can accelerate the reverse intersystem crossing process through charge transfer, thereby optimizing exciton dynamics. The <strong>BNCz-OTPA</strong>-based OLED device exhibited narrowband emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 26 nm. Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.118, 0.148), and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.2 %. This work provides a new design strategy for high-performance narrowband blue organic light-emitting diodes with good color purity and efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A highly sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probe for intelligent visual detection of Cu2+ in water/vegetables and bioimaging in vitro and in vivo","authors":"Yan-Jun Zhu,&nbsp;Pan Pan,&nbsp;Bin Zhang,&nbsp;Jia-Xing Lu,&nbsp;Jing Wang,&nbsp;Ao Shen,&nbsp;Xin-Mei Li,&nbsp;Ai-Ping Xing,&nbsp;Dai Zeng,&nbsp;Juan Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A “turn-on” NIR fluorescent probe <strong>NRK-BD</strong> for Cu²⁺ based on the xanthene skeleton was successfully developed. <strong>NRK-BD</strong> was characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and ESI-HRMS. Spectral experiments were conducted in MeCN/H₂O (7:3, v/v, pH = 7.4) solution. The results revealed that <strong>NRK-BD</strong> possessed a large Stokes shift of 170 nm, a rapid response within 1.5 s and a low detection limit of 81 nM, which significantly enhanced the sensitivity and detection efficiency towards Cu²⁺. Within the concentration range of 0–20 μM, a favorable linear correlation was exhibited between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Cu²⁺. Moreover, <strong>NRK-BD</strong> demonstrated excellent stability in the pH range of 6.5–8.5, making it suitable for the detection of Cu²⁺ under physiological conditions. <strong>NRK-BD</strong> coordinated with Cu²⁺ in a 1:1 ratio, and the possible recognition mechanism was verified by Job's plot, ESI-HRMS and DFT calculations. Based on the color change of <strong>NRK-BD</strong> from colorless to purple, the naked-eye visual detection of Cu²⁺ in vegetables such as brassica chinensis, potatoes and carrots was successfully achieved. A smart detection platform was also developed, which was capable of rapidly and quantitatively detecting Cu²⁺ in actual water samples. It is noteworthy that <strong>NRK-BD</strong> was successfully applied to the fluorescence imaging of Cu²⁺ in 4T1 cells and living mice. In summary, <strong>NRK-BD</strong> manifested outstanding performance in the detection of Cu²⁺ and holds broad application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113033"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanochemical synthesis and optical properties of solvatochromic 2H-indazole-3,5-diones","authors":"Sara Morasi Piperčić ,&nbsp;Alen Bjelopetrović ,&nbsp;Marina Juribašić Kulcsár","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanochemical synthesis of 4-hydroxyazobenzene-2-carboxylic acids and their cyclization to highly-functionalized chromophores, 2-aryl-4-(arylamino)-2<em>H</em>-indazole-3,5-diones, is reported. Mechanism of the cyclization is suggested and supported by DFT calculations. Optical properties of azobenzenes and indazoles have been studied in solution and in the solid state using UV–vis spectroscopy, and <em>in silico</em> by DFT calculations. 2<em>H</em>-indazole-3,5-diones strongly absorb above 400 nm and show a negative solvatochromic behavior. Computational analysis of the ground-state photophysical properties for the 2<em>H</em>-indazole-3,5-diones showed that they are a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D′) system where two donor substituents (D and D’, 2-aryl and 4-arylamino groups) transfer their electron density to the central acceptor 2<em>H</em>-indazole unit (A).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113044"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe for the detection of ONOO− in ferroptosis model","authors":"Guo-Ping Zu ,&nbsp;Pingping Xiong ,&nbsp;Meng-Chen Pei ,&nbsp;Chengjie Wang ,&nbsp;Huawei Niu ,&nbsp;Hong Chen ,&nbsp;Yong Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) is closely associated with several pathophysiological events due to its high oxidation and nitrification reactivity, which can cause irreparable damage to a variety of biomolecules when present in excess. Consequently, the development of a reliable ONOO⁻ detection method is essential for understanding its role. Given the significant imaging advantages of ratiometric and near-infrared (NIR) probes, a ratiometric NIR fluorescence probe (<strong>FYS</strong>) was developed for the visual detection of ONOO⁻ both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Probe <strong>FYS</strong> offers several benefits, including a large fluorescence emission shift (184 nm), a low detection limit (0.75 μM), good selectivity, and rapid detection. Inspired by these outstanding characteristics, it has been successfully utilized for imaging endogenous and exogenous ONOO⁻ in cells. More importantly, this probe could be used to monitor variations in ONOO⁻ levels as ferroptosis progresses. We anticipate that this probe will be widely applied as a potent tool to investigate the biological function of ONOO⁻, thereby facilitating a deeper understanding of ferroptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113041"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A corrole-based near-infrared fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift for the detection of peroxynitrite and its bioimaging applications","authors":"Guifen Lu ,&nbsp;Yiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Suci Meng ,&nbsp;Jiale Gong ,&nbsp;Xiaohan Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new corrole-based near-infrared fluorescent probe <strong>DP-Cor-BAPE</strong> was designed and synthesized with a unique “off-on” response toward peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) due to the fracture of the phenylboronic acid ester group. The sensing mechanism was proposed and verified by HPLC, ¹H NMR and HRMS analysis. After adding ONOO⁻, the probe <strong>DP-Cor-BAPE</strong> displayed red fluorescence with a large Stokes shift (225 nm) and a remarkable color change observed by naked eye in a short response time (within 1 min). Meanwhile, this probe has markedly biocompatibility, which makes it as a representative for imaging ONOO⁻ in living cells and zebrafish. Importantly, <strong>DP-Cor-BAPE</strong> was successfully used to image the up-regulated ONOO⁻ levels in tumor cells during ferroptosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113039"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The excitation-dependent/independent fluorescence in non-traditional simple emissive Amines: Structure, mechanism and application","authors":"Weilong Du ,&nbsp;Jie Ren ,&nbsp;Haonan Hu ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Lei Cao ,&nbsp;Dongjun Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangkui Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, non-traditional intrinsic luminophores (NTILs) have garnered significant attention due to their ability to produce bright fluorescence after simple treatments. In this study, by employing a straightforward methodology of oxygen purging and controlled thermal treatment (40–120 °C), we demonstrated that non-traditional small-molecule amines (mainly diethylenetriamine, DETA) can exhibit rare dual fluorescence characteristics, including excitation-independent (EIF) and excitation-dependent (EDF) behaviors. More importantly, through structure characterization, fluorescence lifetime analysis, and simulation calculations, we confirmed the following structure-mechanism relationship underlying DETA luminescence: when pure DETA molecules were heated within the 40–80 °C, a stable dimeric structure (DETA-dimers) formed through hydrogen-bond interactions resulted in fluorescence centers exhibiting EIF characteristics. Notably, when the temperature increased further (80–120 °C), DETA-dimers in their excited state interact with oxygen molecules under external light, which formed dynamic excimers through space conjugation, denoted as [DETA-dimer … O₂], resulting in EDF phenomenon. Finally, capitalizing on DETA dual fluorescence properties, we successfully implemented EIF-based ion detection and EDF-enabled fluorescence staining applications. Consequently, this work advanced the mechanistic understanding of NTILs' intrinsic luminescence and established a framework for optimizing their performance in high-sensitivity fluorescence imaging and probe development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green silicon (IV) phthalocyanine dyes with σ-bond-linked absorption-compensating groups showing high color purity and photo-thermal stability for color filters","authors":"Sunfan Li ,&nbsp;Jie Xue ,&nbsp;Chengbin Fu ,&nbsp;Lijia Liu ,&nbsp;Wenqing Liu ,&nbsp;Lingxin Kong ,&nbsp;Yixiang Sun ,&nbsp;Hanshen Xin ,&nbsp;Haoyuan Li ,&nbsp;Jianhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Color filters (CFs) with high color purity and photo-thermal stability are essential for enhancing the image quality of high-resolution displays. To date, green phthalocyanine dyes developed for CFs have achieved high photo-thermal stability. However, these dyes usually suffer from insufficient green color purity due to the weak absorption in blue-light region. Accordingly, the development of novel dye molecules and design strategies for green CF dyes with high color purity and photo-thermal stability is urgently needed. In this work, silicon (IV) phthalocyanine (SiPc) chromophore was utilized to construct CF dyes for the first time. Importantly, strong blue-light absorbing amino-substituted naphthalimide derivatives were introduced as absorption-compensating groups for SiPc dyes by Si–O σ-bonds, which enhanced the solubility and compensated for the weak blue-light absorption of phthalocyanine core, thus significantly improving green color purity. CF film based on the developed dye SiPcNMA exhibited high green color purity with Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) coordinate <em>y</em> achieving 0.61 and superior thermal and photo-stability with color difference values (Δ<em>E</em>_ab) below 0.61 under simulated industrial manufacturing processes. Additionally, CF fabricated through photolithography based on color photoresist with SiPcNMA demonstrated a linewidth of 8.75 μm and high photo-thermal stability. This work lays a foundation for the development of CF dyes with high color purity and photo-thermal stability through linking absorption-compensating groups via σ-bonds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113038"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chelation-driven antimicrobial potency of Cu(II) complexes with N- and O- donor ligands: A review (2022–2025)","authors":"Mohammed Sanad Alhussaini,&nbsp;AbdulRahman Abdulla Ibrahim Alyahya,&nbsp;Abdullah Abdulrahman Al-Ghanayem","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant microbial strains poses a critical threat to global public health, necessitating the urgent discovery and development of novel and more effective antimicrobial agents. Traditional antibiotics are becoming increasingly ineffective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, as well as fungal infections. In this context, metal-based drugs, particularly Cu(II) complexes, have gained significant attention due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential and the unique ability of metal ions to disrupt essential microbial processes. Among the various ligand systems explored, nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) donor ligands have shown remarkable promise in forming stable Cu(II) complexes with enhanced biological activity. These ligands, when coordinated with Cu(II), not only stabilize the metal center but also facilitate biological interactions through chelation. Chelation is known to reduce the polarity of the metal ion via partial charge delocalization, thereby increasing the lipophilicity of the complex, which in turn promotes better membrane permeability and interaction with microbial biomolecules. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances from 2022 to 2025 in the design, synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial evaluation of Cu(II) complexes with N- and O- donor ligands. We explore their structural features, spectroscopic signatures, and enhanced antimicrobial profiles against bacteria (including multidrug-resistant strains) and fungi. Special emphasis is given to the role of chelation in activity enhancement and proposed mechanisms of antimicrobial action, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA/protein binding, membrane disruption, and enzyme inhibition. By consolidating recent findings, this review aims to provide a valuable knowledge base that can guide researchers in designing next-generation Cu(II)-based antimicrobial agents with improved efficacy and selectivity against resistant pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113040"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of 808 nm-activated bifunctional nanoparticles for effective photothermal conversion along with real-time thermal feedback","authors":"Guotao Xiang ,&nbsp;Qinyu Xu ,&nbsp;Ming Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhiyu Yang ,&nbsp;Yongjie Wang ,&nbsp;Lu Yao ,&nbsp;Xianju Zhou ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Wang ,&nbsp;Jiahua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photothermal therapy (PTT) integrated with the functionality of temperature self-monitoring has emerged as a prominent research focus in current scientific investigations. In this study, a bifunctional photothermal agent is developed based on the small-size β-NaLuF₄ nanoparticles (NPs) of about 40 nm, which can provide accurate optical thermometry through Nd³⁺-sensitized upconversion (UC) luminescence along with the ability of Cu₂S-mediated photothermal conversion. The small-size β-NaLuF₄ NPs are synthesized by a sequential layer-by-layer coating strategy, resulting in the generation of β-NaYF₄@β-NaLuF₄: 20 % Yb³⁺/2 % Er³⁺@β-NaLuF₄: 20 % Yb³⁺/2 % Nd³⁺ NPs. Then, the temperature sensing performance is realized via the thermally coupled levels of Er³⁺: ²H_11/2/⁴S_3/2 under the excitation of 808 nm wavelength. Whereafter, the above NPs suffer from a surface functionalization process with Cu₂S NPs, endowing the sample with efficient photothermal conversion property, which exhibits an obvious temperature increase from 293 <em>K</em> to 311 <em>K</em> under 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation with a power density of 20 mW/mm² for 180 s. Meanwhile, an <em>ex vivo</em> experiment further demonstrates that the present NPs can implement efficient photothermal conversion and accurate optical temperature monitoring simultaneously within the biological tissues, while effectively preventing laser-induced overheating effect due to the weak absorption of water molecules for 808 nm NIR light. These findings highlight the promising potential of the prepared NPs for application in cancer treatment, offering a precise and safe approach to PTT with integrated temperature monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113043"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling the aggregation of squaraine dye on the titanium oxide surface via amino-silane coupling for dye-sensitized solar cells","authors":"Tatsuya Takeshita","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.113031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we report the effects of a covalent attachment strategy using aminosilane coupling agents (APTMS) on squaraine dye (SQ2) aggregation on a titanium oxide (TiO₂) surface. In addition, we discuss the effect of APTMS on the photovoltaic conversion of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and compare it with a co-adsorption approach using chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA). According to the total transmittance spectrum measurements, SQ2 formed dimers and H- and J-aggregated species on the TiO₂ surface. However, the SQ2 attached to the TiO₂ surface via interactions with APTMS (SQ2/APTMS/TiO₂) exhibited a relatively narrow absorption band originating from the J-dimer. In contrast, the intensities of the shoulder bands of the H-dimers and H-aggregated species decreased. When SQ2 is covalently attached to APTMS (SQ2-APTMS/TiO₂) using an amide coupling reagent, the intensity of the shoulder bands decreases more than that of SQ2/APTMS/TiO₂. The J-dimerization of these dyes was analyzed based on the geometric structures and transition dipole moments obtained from quantum chemical calculations. Notably, quantum chemical calculations supported the formation of H-dimers, in contrast to the experimental results. Thus, the narrow absorption bands of SQ2/APTMS/TiO₂ and SQ2-APTMS/TiO₂ observed in this study can be attributed to a different model from molecular excitation theory. The mean photovoltaic conversion efficiencies of the assembled DSSCs using the SQ2/APTMS/TiO₂ and SQ2-APTMS/TiO₂ photoelectrodes were 0.81 % and 0.79 %, respectively. These values represent a 1.2-fold increase compared to the DSSC using SQ2 (0.66 %), which is lower than that of the DSSC involving SQ2 with CDCA (0.95 %).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"243 ","pages":"Article 113031"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144633167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}